Singapore

Rational, data-driven materials discovery has the potential to make research and development efforts far faster and cheaper. In such a paradigm, computer models trained to find patterns in massive chemical datasets would rapidly scan compositions and systematically identify attractive candidates. Here, we present several examples of our work on developing machine learning (ML) and deep learning methods capable of creating predictive models using a diverse range of materials data. As input training data, we demonstrate ML on both large computational datasets of DFT calculations, as implemented in the Open Quantum Materials Database (oqmd.org), and also experimental databases of materials properties. We construct ML models using a large and chemically diverse list of attributes, which we demonstrate can be used as an effective tool to automatically learn intuitive design rules, predict diverse properties of crystalline and amorphous materials, such as formation energy, specific volume, band gap energy, and glass-forming ability, and accelerate combinatorial searches.

MATERIALS FOR HUMANITY (MH 21)

Using Artificial Intelligence to Discover New Materials

**[DOWNLOAD THE DRC 2021 DIGEST](https://drive.google.com/file/d/17_-pkYf4IBbVuNYgohTf0iZJORVGp_uN/view?usp=sharing)**

**[DOWNLOAD A COPY OF THE FINAL DRC PROGRAM](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ek8UIDCowpLq0z2hXav5tn67FboxS03N/view?usp=sharing)**

For almost eight decades, the Device Research Conference (DRC) has brought together leading scientists, researchers and students to share their latest discoveries in device science, technology and modeling. Notably, many of the first public disclosures of key device technologies were made at the DRC. This year marks the 79th anniversary of the DRC—the longest running device research meeting in the world. As we commemorate this meeting, the high-caliber technical sessions will be highlighted by plenary talks and invited talks by international research pioneers and leaders behind modern electronic technology.

Given the ongoing global health concerns associated with COVID-19 (Coronavirus), the DRC leadership has decided to hold the 2021 Device Research Conference in a virtual (online) format. This follows an enormously successful 2020 DRC held virtually, in which we had record attendance and worldwide participation of more than 875 attendees from 33 countries.

The 2021 Conference will feature:

* Informative, timely short courses in rapidly developing fields
* Oral and poster presentations on electronic/photonic device experiments and simulations
* Plenary and invited presentations given by worldwide leaders
* Evening “rump” session
* Strong student participation and Student Paper Awards

DRC is held in coordination with the Electronic Materials Conference (EMC), which will occur the same week, from June 23-25. As has happened in person in past years, in 2021, the virtual DRC and EMC sessions on the shared day, Wednesday, June 23, will be open to all attendees from both conferences. This recognizes the strong interaction between device and electronic materials research and provides fruitful exchanges of information between attendees of both Conferences. For information on the 63rd Electronic Materials Conference, please visit the [EMC 2021 website.](https://www.mrs.org/63rd-emc/)

2021 DRC individual presentation videos will become available in Underline at the end of each technical session. A recording of each full live session with Q&A will be posted later during the conference. To facilitate re-viewing of recorded talks and sessions, the DRC Underline site will remain open through 11:59pm (US EDT) on July 7th. DRC Conference registration will remain open at www.mrs.org/drc-2021/registration through June 30th.

Thank you for joining us at the 2021 Device Research Conference!

**General Chair**
 Zhihong Chen, Purdue University

**Technical Program Chair**
 Becky (R.L.) Peterson, University of Michigan

**Technical Program Vice-Chair**
 Gregg Jessen, BAE Systems

You can register for the 79th Device Research Conference with the following link. https://www.mrs.org/drc-2021

DRC 2021

For almost eight decades, the Device Research Conference (DRC) has brought together leading scientists, researchers and students to share their latest discoveries in device science, technology and modeling. Notably, many of the first public disclosures of key device technologies were made at the DRC. This year marks the 79th anniversary of the DRC—the longest running device research meeting in the world. As we commemorate this meeting, the high-caliber technical sessions will be highlighted by plenary talks and invited talks by international research pioneers and leaders behind modern electronic technology.

technical paper

**Please view our Welcome to MH21 video.**

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**Walkthrough Video**

Here is a Walkthrough showing how to navigate the conference and network with others 

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	 Organized by
 
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To access the MH 21 Conference, [please register](https://mh21.mrs.org.sg/event/da3f9651-429f-4763-81b2-ebd7311b6bc8/websitePage:206f7605-1731-41f9-8421-56d3890f398f)

MH 21 is arranged around 6 themes that focus attention on pressing needs that should be addressed to enhance the well-being of communities and provide a forum for presenting breakthrough discoveries.

Development and implementation of novel and energy-efficient technologies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, particularly CO2, is a vital step towards fossil fuel-based sustainable energy. Removal of greenhouse gases from dilute emissions has been identified as one of the seven chemical separations to change the world. Additionally, the requirement for long-duration human task performance in confined spaces such as submarines, spacecraft or underground citadels has made the removal of low-concentration CO2 (< 0.5%) a critical technology. Reducing energy consumption is another promising way to reduce CO2 emissions. The energy use for separation and purification processes accounts for 40 % of the total energy use in chemical industry. Especially, high-purity ethylene (C2H4) and propylene (C3H6), two most produced chemicals, inevitably contain low concentrations of acetylene (C2H2) and propyne (C3H4) during the production. Catalytic hydrogenation and solvent absorption are two main processes for alkynes removal but with high energy consumption and low removal rate. Thus, tremendous energy savings are expected by applying advanced adsorptive separation technologies based on porous materials. The key feature of these environmentally friendly, energy-efficient separation technologies is the porous adsorbent or porous media. Hybrid ultramicroporous materials (HUMs) with electronegative anion pillars lined up within the pore channels have been illustrated as promising adsorbents for gas separation and CO2 capture. Herein, HUMs with fine-tuned pore dimensions are synthesized via mechano-assisted method and used for efficient low-concentration carbon capture and alkynes removal from olefins via strong host-guest and guest-guest interactions.

Hybrid Ultramicroporous Materials for low-concentration carbon capture and alkyne removal from olefines

Green and bio-waste represents more than 44% of urban municipal waste. Here, we explore the valorization of this waste by transforming it into composites using fungi. Indeed, fungi grow by degrading the lignocellulosic content of waste and by developing a highly interconnected network called mycelium. This mycelium is composed of chitin, cellulose, and protein, and bind the non-degraded components together. In this work, we investigate the incidence of food sources on the growth of the mycelium of two commonly used fungi, the Lingzi mushroom and the Grey Oyster mushroom. We find that foods are natural catalysts of the growth. Furthermore, we develop mixtures, or inks that can be used to 3D print such materials using an extrusion method. The composites formed from waste and mycelium are interesting for their insulation properties, mechanics, decorative, etc.

Growing mycelium-bound composite using agricultural waste

Reducing landfill waste by 30% and increasing solar energy deployment to 2 GWp (giga-watt peak) are two of the key targets in the Singapore Green Plan 2030. While seemingly mutually-exclusive, increasing solar energy deployment, if not planned and handled properly, will eventually lead to increasing landfill waste. In fact, due to the relatively long useful lifetime (>10 years) of solar cells, it was not until recently that wastes from solar cells starts to be of concerns. It was estimated that by 2030, waste from solar panels alone will reach millions of tons. On the contrary, the current recycling technologies for solar waste is still rudimentary - only precious metals such as silver and copper are economical to be recycled. This presents both environmental and economical problems because the bulk of solar cells which are made of silicon are not recycled. In this work, we recycled Silicon from solar cells into thermoelectrics. Leveraging on our expertise in thermoelectrics, we fine tuned and optimized the carrier concentration using phosphorus, and engineered low thermal conductivity via germanium doping. ZT as high as 0.4 is achieved at 800 K, which is one of the highest in silicon. Our work opens a pathway for recycling semiconductor waste into high performance functional materials for power generation and cooling applications.

Upcycling of Photovoltaics Silicon into Thermoelectrics by Turning Minority into Majority Carrier

Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) approaches for material design combined with 3D printing are capable of harnessing the bio-inspired design paradigm, creating de novo structures with extraordinary properties from basic building blocks. To valorize biomass such as food waste, biomass waste from industrial processes, or algae, we use bottom-up processes to convert biomass first into 3D printable materials, reducing need for plastic waste generation, then into advanced, functional materials including architected hierarchical composites, all using a conversion of materials into wave- and sound-based models.

Additive manufacturing of biomass-derived renewable composites with AI accelerated bottom-up design

All-solid-state sodium batteries employing fast ion-conducting sulfides, show great promise for safe, low-cost energy storage systems for large-scale applications. Among the candidate systems, Na3SbS4 (NAS) is particularly promising by being both highly ionic conductive and compatible with humid air while other common sulfide electrolytes suffer a lot from decomposing in ambient environment. The combination of fast Na+ ion migration and low-cost processability significantly benefits the large-scale application and industrialization.
Considering that partial substitution of sulfur by halide ions can induce more mobile sodium vacancies in NAS and potentially improve the interfacial stability towards sodium metal anode, here we explored a low-cost structural modification to NAS by aqueous synthesis to enhance both the rate capability and the cycle life of solid-state batteries based on this optimized solid electrolyte. To this end halide doped NAS electrolytes are synthesized from aqueous solution. Here we focus on the effect of Bromide doping of NAS on its ionic conductivity and kinetic electrochemical stability. It is observed that Br-doped NAS exhibits greatly reduced activation energy. Total ionic conductivity is more than doubled from 0.13 mS/cm to 0.31 mS/cm through this low-cost halide doping approach allowing for higher critical current densities. Stable cycling profiles of the doped NAS vs both sodium-metal anodes and sodium-tin ally anodes evidenced a major enhancement of the electrochemical stability and thus a path towards longer cycle life all-solid state sodium metal batteries.


Low cost aqueous synthesis and doping of a high performance sodium solid electrolyte

Rechargeable lithium−oxygen batteries (LOBs) have attracted increasing attention due to their high energy density but highly rely on the development of efficient oxygen catalysts for reversible Li2O2 deposition/decomposition. Herein, highly porous carbon nanocubes with a specific surface area up to 1600 m2 g−1 are synthesized and utilized to tightly anchor Ru nanoparticles for using as the oxygen-cathode catalyst in LOBs, achieving a low charge/discharge potential gap of only 0.75 V, a high total discharge capacity of 17,632 mA h g−1, and a superb cycling performance of 550 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. Comprehensive ex situ and operando characterizations unravel that the outstanding LOB performance is ascribed to the highly porous catalyst structure embedding rich active sites that synergistically function in reducing overpotentials, suppressing parasitic reactions, accommodating reaction products, and promoting mass and charge transportation.

Ru-embedded Highly Porous Carbon Nanocubes Derived from Metal Organic Frameworks for Catalyzing Reversible Li2O2 Formation

no abstract, Symp Q, 8 July, 2021. 10:00 A.M.

Hologram Professor Program

As low-cost electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction applied to fuel cells and metal-air batteries, atomic-dispersed transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials are emerging, but the genuine mechanism thereof is still arguable. Herein, by rational design and synthesis of dual-metal atomically dispersed Fe,Mn/N-C catalyst as model object, we unravel that the O2 reduction preferentially takes place on FeIII in the FeN4/C system with intermediate spin state which possesses one eg electron (t2g4eg1) readily penetrating the antibonding π-orbital of oxygen (Figure 1).[1,2] Both magnetic measurements and theoretical calculation reveal that the adjacent atomically dispersed Mn-N moieties can effectively activate the FeIII sites by both spin-state transition and electronic modulation, rendering the excellent ORR performances of Fe,Mn/N-C in both alkaline and acidic media (halfwave positionals are 0.928 V in 0.1 M KOH, and 0.804 V in 0.1 M HClO4), and good durability, which outperforms and has almost the same activity of commercial Pt/C, respectively. In addition, it presents a superior power density of 160.8 mW cm−2 and long-term durability in reversible zinc–air batteries. We believe our work will brings new insight into the oxygen reduction reaction process on the metal-nitrogen-carbon active sites, undoubtedly leading the exploration towards high effective low-cost non-precious catalysts.

Carbon-Based Electrocatalyst: Synthetic Strategies and Chemical Environmental Regulations

Chromium deposition affects the performance of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) which is widely used as a cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). [1] However, more information is required to better understand the chromium poisoning process at the microstructural level. A SOFC stack composes of several components: cathode, electrolyte, anode, and Crcontaining steels or alloys as an interconnect (Fig. 1). Chromium evaporates from steels and is transported with are stream to a cathode where it deposits, which affects the electrochemical performance of the SOFC (Fig. 2).

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