Netherlands

Metacognitive confidence judgments are frequently adopted as a measure of certainty in decision-making tasks, but the mechanisms that underly these judgments have been long debated. In this work, we investigate the effect of the timing of confidence judgments in memory decisions by querying confidence immediately after, with a 3-second delay, or in a separate phase within an associative recognition task. An additional control condition did not probe confidence judgments at all to investigate how metacognitive monitoring may influence the memory decision-making process itself. The results indicate changes in memory performance and response times in conditions where confidence judgments were made, as well as a stronger association between confidence and accuracy when confidence was probed following a 3-second delay. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results regarding post-decision processing of metacognitive confidence and the bidirectional relationship between memory and metacognition.

**Authors:**

Isabella Rose Sky Klopukh: Florida Atlantic University; Kevin P Darby: Florida Atlantic University

CogSci 2024

Timing Is Everything: Effects Of Temporal Delay Of Confidence Judgments In Memory Decision-Making

### Looking for Cogsci 2023? Please [click here](https://underline.io/events/405/reception) to switch to 2023 edition.


**Dear Colleagues,**

Welcome to the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society! 

This year’s conference brings together the latest research from all Cognitive Science and also highlights this year’s theme **Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds.** 

The program features four plenary speakers: Friederike Range (University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna), Onur Güntürkün (Ruhr University Bochum), Julia Fischer (University of Göttingen), and Erich Jarvis (The Rockefeller University). The keynotes and invited symposia showcase the broad spectrum of ideas that encompass the conference theme of comparative cognition. 

Further, the program includes the Rumelhart Prize keynote presentation by Susan Goldin-Meadow (University of Chicago), and symposia to celebrate the winner of the Elman Prize: Wei Ji Ma (New York University), the Heineken Award winner Robert Zatorre (McGill University), and the Robert J. Glushko Dissertation Prizes session.

The program committee for CogSci 2021 received 1,025 submissions, including 710 full papers, 275 member abstracts, 8 publication-based talks, as well as 15 proposals for symposia, and 17 for workshops and tutorials. After a rigorous review process, the committee selected 152 papers for oral presentation and inclusion in the conference proceedings (14.8%), 332 papers for poster presentation and inclusion in the proceedings (32.4%), and 175 papers for poster presentation with inclusion of abstracts in the proceedings (17.1%) We also selected 275 submitted member abstracts. In addition, we accepted 6 publication-based talks, 12 symposia, and 9 workshops and tutorials to make for an exciting and inclusive program.

We hope that you enjoy the conference this year!<br><br>

**Your Program Chairs,**
![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/99984908caba5e6453e5fc5ba34f3507.jpg)

**Learn more about the Vienna Cognitive Science Hub at the University of Vienna, hosts of CogSci 2021**

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/464h1m3iU68" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

To review the proceedings for the conference or review the searchable program, please visit the [website](https://cognitivesciencesociety.org/program/).


CogSci 2021

The Cognitive Science Society brings together researchers from around the world who hold a common goal: understanding the nature of the human mind. The mission of the Society is to promote Cognitive Science as a discipline, and to foster scientific interchange among researchers in various areas of study, including Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Anthropology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Education. The Society is a non-profit professional organization and its activities include sponsoring an annual conference and publishing the journals Cognitive Science and TopiCS.

poster

The 46th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society was an in-person meeting held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands at the Postillion Hotel & Conference Centre.

**ON-DEMAND PROGRAM ACCESS AFTER THE CONFERENCE**<br>
Recordings of the invited program are now available. You can access them by clicking on the 'Schedule' icon on the left. Select view by week and navigate to the day and time slot of the recording you wish to view. Click on the time slot to access the recording.

Recordings available (click on each recording to view):

**Thursday, July 25**<br>
0900: [Keynote Speaker Morgan Barense on Enhancing real-world event memory](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/17997/lecture/99084-dynamics-between-minds-and-the-environment)<br>
1000: [Gleitman Award Winner Isabelle Dautriche on Language Foundations: Insights from acquisition, communication, cognition, and more](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18000/lecture/99085-gleitman-talk)<br>
1415: [Invited Symposium: Dynamics between minds and the environment](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18016&searchGroup=lecture)<br>
1700: [Rumelhart Prize Presentation Speaker Alison Gopnik on Exploit, explore, empower: Three ages and three intelligences](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18028/lecture/99161-rp1-rumelhart-prize-presentation)<br>

**Friday, July 26**<br>
0900: [C.L. de Carvalho-Heineken Prize Keynote Speaker Kia Nobre on Focusing in memory](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18035/lecture/99162-hp1-c-l-de-carvalho-heineken-prize-keynote-address)<br>
1030: [Rumelhart Symposium: Childhood as exploration](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18038/lecture/100346-childhood-as-exploration)<br>
1415: [Elman Prize Symposium](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18053&searchGroup=lecture)<br>
1600: [Invited Symposium: Dynamics between minds](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18065&searchGroup=lecture)<br>
1745: [Keynote Speaker Andrea E. Martin on Neural dynamics encode the structure and statistics of language](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18077/lecture/99271-neural-dynamics-encode-the-structure-and-statistics-of-language)<br>

**Saturday, July 27**<br>
0900: [Keynote Speaker Gregor Schöner on How higher cognition emerges from the dynamics of strongly interacting neural populations](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18083/lecture/99273-dynamics-within-the-mind)<br>
1000: [Glushko Talks](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18086&searchGroup=lecture)<br>
1500: [Invited Symposium: Dynamics within minds](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18100&searchGroup=lecture)<br>


#### **CogSci 2024 Program Book**
<div style="position:relative;padding-top:0;width:900px;height:500px;"><iframe style="position:absolute;border:none;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;top:0;" src="https://online.fliphtml5.com/ebtyf/cble/"  seamless="seamless" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" ></iframe></div>


**The Program Book can be downloaded [here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yRVp1cBqRnAbdYi4GXWV_pZeyWNsRquv/view?usp=sharing).**

#### **Letter from the President**

Welcome to the 2024 Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society in Rotterdam! CogSci 2024 brings together a large community of cognitive scientists who have traveled here from around the world, as well as a smaller group of remote presenters. I would like to extend an especially warm welcome to our first-time CogSci meeting attendees, and hope that 
their experience inspires them to join our future meetings for many years to come.

I want to thank this year’s conference co-chairs, Larissa K Samuelson, Stefan Frank, Mariya Toneva, Allyson Mackey, and Eliot Hazeltine, for putting together an amazing series of invited talks and symposia around the theme of Dynamics of Cognition. The co-chairs also deserve credit for handling a record-breaking number of submissions and producing a truly exciting conference program 

Beyond the invited talks and symposia dedicated to this year’s conference theme, I would like to highlight the presentations and events honoring the 
Rumelhart, Elman, Gleitman and C .L . de Carvalho Heineken prize winners, including the Rumelhart reception on Thursday. As you may know, we are recording all of the invited talks and symposia, and all prize-winners’ talks, and will be making this content available after the conference. 

The Cognitive Science Society relies on the volunteer efforts of our Governing Board members who work on matters related to our membership; conference policies; diversity and inclusion, international, and outreach initiatives; prizes and much more. We welcome interest from Society members who would like to become more involved in what we do. The 
Society is deeply grateful to Rick Dale and Andrea Bender, who serve as editors of the two Society journals, Cognitive Science and Topics in Cognitive Science respectively. We especially acknowledge our editors’ generosity in donating their stipends each year to D&I and outreach efforts. 

This year’s Annual Meeting depends critically on the support of Marischal De Armond and his team at Podium Conference Specialists: Sharon Zwack, Cendrine De Vis, Sarah-Kate Burke, and Rachel Waller worked tirelessly to secure the venue and handled a multitude of logistical and organizational issues, from arranging coffee breaks and receptions to making sure that a huge number of posters fits comfortably into the available space. Finally, and importantly, I would like to acknowledge the Cognitive Science Society Executive Officer, Erica Wojcik, for managing the complex and ever expanding sphere of our Society’s activities.

I hope you enjoy this year’s meeting and the many different opportunities to engage with the vibrant community of cognitive scientists gathered here. I also hope you get a chance to explore the great city of Rotterdam with its many attractions, museums, restaurants and scenic views. If you’d like to talk more about our Society, or simply want to say hello, please stop by!

![](https://assets.underline.io/markdown_image/1/image/3c66d0e21fff30e204df1138ffd15173.jpeg)

**Anna Papafragou**  
President, Cognitive Science 
Society 2023-2024

**CODE OF CONDUCT**<br>
By attending the CogSci 2024 Conference, you are required to adhere to the society’s [Code of Conduct](https://drive.google.com/file/d/16-6KkptF0Gn3ZYGJDlpqpwTdImw45Ng0/view?usp=drive_link).

**ABOUT THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY**<br>
The Cognitive Science Society brings together researchers from around the world who hold a common goal: understanding the nature of the human mind. The mission of the Society is to promote Cognitive Science as a discipline, and to foster scientific interchange among researchers in various areas of study, including Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Anthropology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Education.

The Society is a non-profit professional organization and its activities include sponsoring an annual conference and publishing the journals Cognitive Science and TopiCS.
<br><br>

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Please register!

The 46th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society presents the latest research across cognitive science and highlights the theme of Cognition in Context.

A major goal of cognitive science is to characterize how an individual's past experiences guide their present decisions in a sequential task. Various empirical evidence support a process of incremental learning, well-characterized by the framework of reinforcement learning, whereby repeated exposures to similar situations shape decisions. However, in a complex world with sparse data a more sample-efficient process is needed. Prior work has suggested that episodic memory supports decision-making in such settings. Here, we provide novel behavioral evidence that episodic memory supports decision-making in temporally extended settings. We propose that value-based decision-making and episodic memory share common mechanisms to encode and retrieve past events, which in turn shape option evaluation and ultimately choice. In two experiments, we empirically test hypotheses that relate classic dynamics of sequential episodic memory retrieval to response patterns in novel evaluation and decision tasks. We find subjects’ reported value estimates are subject to biases analogous to classic episodic memory biases (Experiment 1), and their choices are best captured by an episodic recall-based model (Experiment 2). These results suggest a novel link between value-based decision-making and episodic memory, which could reflect a psychologically plausible mechanism for computing decision variables by Monte Carlo sampling.

**Authors:**

Corey Yishan Zhou: University of California, San Diego; Deborah Talmi: University of Cambridge; Nathaniel Daw: Princeton University; Marcelo G Mattar: New York University

Temporally extended decision-making through episodic sampling

People tend to judge repeated information as more veridical, referred to as the Illusory Truth Effect (ITE). While recent findings show that the effect is still observed when we “know better”, how episodic experiences influence ITE and how metacognitive judgment (i.e. subjective confidence) of one’s response changes with repetition remains unclear. To address this question participants watched a video and then judged the truth value of statements about the video, presented in varied repetitions (0,1,4). We compared truth and confidence judgments of repeated items that were false, true, or unknowable. We found that for true statements repetition increased confidence and truth judgments. For false items, it increased only confidence leaving truth judgments unaffected. Conversely for unknowable items, repetition increased truth judgments but not confidence. These results suggest that based on information’s congruence with memory references, its repetition impacts truth and confidence judgments differentially.

**Authors:**

Derin Eda Saniz Balderrama: Koç University; Terry Eskenazi: Koç University; Esra Oğuz Taşbaş: 29 Mayis University

The Effects of Repetition on Truth Judgments and Confidence for Statements with Different Truth Values

People judge repeated statements as more true than new ones. This illusory truth effect is a robust phenomenon when statements are ambiguous and plausible. However, previous studies provided conflicting evidence on whether repetition also affects truth judgments for highly implausible statements. Given the lack of a formal theory explaining the interaction between repetition and plausibility on the illusory truth effect, it is important to develop a formal model to explicitly represent the assumptions regarding this phenomenon. In this study, we develop a Bayesian cognitive model that builds on the simulation-based model by Fazio, Rand, and Pennycook (2019). Thereby, we formalize how repetition and plausibility jointly influence the illusory truth effect in light of nonlinear transformations of binary truth judgments. We test our model using experimental data from two previous studies by computing Bayes factors for four competing model variants. Our findings vary across studies but indicate that the observed interaction of repetition and plausibility may be explained by a constant, additive effect of repetition at a latent probit scale.

**Authors:**

Semih C. Aktepe: University of Marburg; Daniel W. Heck: University of Marburg

Modeling the Link between the Plausibility of Statements and the Illusory Truth Effect

Decision frames influence how people act. These frames and the resulting decisions can be changed by manipulating how a problem is described. Here, we ask if people themselves can induce frame changes when thinking about a problem and how these frame changes affect decision-making and choice satisfaction. In our experiment, participants (N > 700) generated as many options as they would like for day to day scenarios as choosing a costume for a party or finding a gift for a friend. Then, participants selected one of the options they generated and reported their choice satisfaction. We found that choice satisfaction was higher when the option selected was more semantically dissimilar to the rest of the option set. We argue that this suggests that participants use a novel strategy to facilitate decision-making: Participants aimed to construct decision frames by generating options sets with a uniquely dissimilar option, which facilitated choice and increased satisfaction.

**Authors:**

Marc-Lluis Vives: Leiden University; Pablo Leon Villagra: Brown University

Self induced framing as a cognitive strategy for decision-making

Children learn nouns more readily than verbs in early development. Research on candidate explanations for this noun advantage has suggested that, while noun meanings can be easily gleaned from their observational contexts, verb meanings require access to their syntactic constructions, which remain inaccessible until later in development (Gentner, 2006; McDonough et al., 2011; Piccin & Waxman, 2007). This study asks whether previous demonstrations of tenuous verb learning from their observational contexts are partly due to the assessment method. In an adapted version of the Human Simulation Paradigm (HSP; Gillette et al., 1999), we assessed verb learning using multiple tasks. When verb learning was assessed via a free-response task, learning was minimal, replicating the challenge of learning precise verb meanings via observational contexts. The findings from both a categorization and semantic similarity task, however, suggest that learners do acquire partial knowledge of both action and mental verbs via their observational contexts.

**Authors:**

Nina Schoener: University of California, Berkeley; Sumarga H. Suanda: University of Connecticut

Partial Verb Learning via Observational Contexts

Social norms are often characterized as a system of rules that guide behavior. However, social norms also allow for flexibility; not entirely restricting individuals to one possible behavior. Here, we put forward an agent-based cognitive model that captures social norms as processes that are socially constructed through interactions between individuals. In this modelling work we formalize social norms as a process, with a focus on the role of social norm acquisition and on conformity bias in both action production and inference-making. This computational cognitive model allows us to think about social norms along three dimensions: individual versus collective, behavior versus belief, and subjective versus objective. Our simulation results show: (i) that an inconsistency in a social norm can arise between the individual and collective level, and (ii) that conformity bias in action production versus inference-making interacts with social norm emergence in intricate ways.

**Authors:**

Yue Chen: Radboud University; Tibor Bosse: Radboud University; Marieke Woensdregt: Radboud University

The Role of Hand Gestures on Emotional Intensity and Phenomenological Ratings of Autobiographical Narratives

This study investigates vocal congruence across populations with different gender identities. Forty-four participants completed a voice perception task in three conditions (Silent Reading, Reading Aloud, and Listening to their recorded voice) after reading gender-stereotyped priming texts. Our findings show that gender-expansive participants experience lower vocal congruence listening to their outer voice compared to cisgender participants, but they perceive inner voice as more congruent to the self. Results confirm the role of interoceptive awareness on general voice congruence perception, suggesting that it varies across gender identities. Further research is needed to deepen the relationship between inner experience and voice perception and to disentangle the reciprocal relationship between self-identity and self-voice perception.

**Authors:**

Chiara De Livio: Sapienza Univerisity of Rome; Claudia Mazzuca: Sapienza University of Rome; chiara fini: Sapienza University of Rome; Anna Borghi: Sapienza University of Rome

Perceived Vocal Congruence Varies Across Gender Identities

Virtual Reality (VR) can offer insights into realistic human defensive behavior. In the present work, we sought to elucidate the interplay between feelings and actions in VR-simulated threatening scenarios. Participants (n = 30) encountered various animal threats in VR during a fruit collection task. We retrospectively assessed participants’ feelings after each episode on several dimensions, namely valence, arousal, potency, surprise, and anxiety. As predictor variables, we included scenario characteristics, behavioral responses, and personality traits. Our results indicate that the primary determinants for subjective feelings except potency were ultimate survival, the availability of self-defense weapons, and the animals’ behavior (attack or not). No strong determinants for potency could be found. Notably, participants’ behavioral responses did not independently influence feelings reported later. These findings highlight VR’s potential in expanding our understanding of subjective feelings in threatening situations. Our research suggests that behavior and feelings in defensive situations might not be closely linked.

**Authors:**

Lukas Kornemann: University of Bonn; Ulises Daniel Serratos Hernandez: UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Jules Brochard: University of Bonn; Dominik R. Bach: University College London

Feelings and Actions in Threatening Virtual Reality Environments

This research studies how 24 experts in sport, music, and business were able to make successful and repeated career transitions to senior levels in their field. It examined – among other aspects – the roles of cognitive flexibility, personal intelligence, generative thinking, motivation, and contextual intelligence in career transitions. It also examined how identity changes and adapts during a career transition and how self concept evolves over the course of a career. 

In-depth interviews were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively and served as the basis for evaluating several theories of expertise, cognition, motivation, and intelligence. Key findings include: deliberate practice was rarely mentioned as a contributor to transitions; the early development of expertise in multiple domains contributed to its generalizability; transition expertise evolved over the course of a career; and self concept did not unfold in a linear progression of sequential stages as predicted by many theories in the field.

**Authors:**

Christopher Connolly: N/A; Fernand Gobet: London School of Economics and Political Science

Transition Expertise: A study of individuals who succeeded repeatedly in life and career transitions

Anxiety is measured using questionnaires including the GAD-7 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) which lacks depth and can have difficulty capturing complex mental states. The present study consists of a GAD questionnaire, followed by 5 open-ended questions about anxiety each requiring 50-word responses. Frequency of emotion words and the frequency of first-person singular pronouns will be examined. Participants will then complete the emotional Stroop test, where they will click on the correct colour label of either an emotion word or a neutral word, ignoring the meaning of the word. Reaction times and accuracy are recorded. A positive correlation is predicted for anxiety and the frequency of emotion words and first-person pronouns, while a relationship between anxiety and slower reaction time and lower accuracy is predicted. Findings will contribute to our understanding about the relationship between emotion word processing and anxiety.

**Authors:**

Alina Hussain: University of Birmingham; Yaling Hsiao: University of Birmingham

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