Canada

The superior performances of pre-trained foundation models in various visual tasks underscore their potential to enhance the 2D models&#39; open-vocabulary ability. Existing methods explore analogous applications in the 3D space. However, most of them only center around knowledge extraction from singular foundation models, which limits the open-vocabulary ability of 3D models. We hypothesize that leveraging complementary pre-trained knowledge from various foundation models can improve knowledge transfer from 2D pre-trained visual language models to the 3D space. In this work, we propose FM-OV3D, a method of Foundation Model-based Cross-modal Knowledge Blending for Open-Vocabulary 3D Detection, which improves the open-vocabulary localization and recognition abilities of 3D model by blending knowledge from multiple pre-trained foundation models, achieving true open-vocabulary without facing constraints from original 3D datasets. Specifically, to learn the open-vocabulary 3D localization ability, we adopt the open-vocabulary localization knowledge of the Grounded-Segment-Anything model. For open-vocabulary 3D recognition ability, We leverage the knowledge of generative foundation models, including GPT-3 and Stable Diffusion models, and cross-modal discriminative models like CLIP. The experimental results on two popular benchmarks for open-vocabulary 3D object detection show that our model efficiently learns knowledge from multiple foundation models to enhance the open-vocabulary ability of the 3D model and successfully achieves state-of-the-art performance in open-vocabulary 3D object detection tasks. Code is released at https://github.com/dmzhang0425/FM-OV3D.git.

AAAI 2024

FM-OV3D: Foundation Model-Based Cross-Modal Knowledge Blending for Open-Vocabulary 3D Detection

ml: multimodal learning

cv: 3d computer vision

cv: language and vision

The superior performances of pre-trained foundation models in various visual tasks underscore their potential to enhance the 2D models' open-vocabulary ability. Existing methods explore analogous applications in the 3D space. However, most of them only center around knowledge extraction from singular foundation models, which limits the open-vocabulary ability of 3D models. We hypothesize that leveraging complementary pre-trained knowledge from various foundation models can improve knowledge transfer from 2D pre-trained visual language models to the 3D space. In this work, we propose FM-OV3D, a method of Foundation Model-based Cross-modal Knowledge Blending for Open-Vocabulary 3D Detection, which improves the open-vocabulary localization and recognition abilities of 3D model by blending knowledge from multiple pre-trained foundation models, achieving true open-vocabulary without facing constraints from original 3D datasets. Specifically, to learn the open-vocabulary 3D localization ability, we adopt the open-vocabulary localization knowledge of the Grounded-Segment-Anything model. For open-vocabulary 3D recognition ability, We leverage the knowledge of generative foundation models, including GPT-3 and Stable Diffusion models, and cross-modal discriminative models like CLIP. The experimental results on two popular benchmarks for open-vocabulary 3D object detection show that our model efficiently learns knowledge from multiple foundation models to enhance the open-vocabulary ability of the 3D model and successfully achieves state-of-the-art performance in open-vocabulary 3D object detection tasks. Code is released at https://github.com/dmzhang0425/FM-OV3D.git.

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown remarkable success in modeling complex data distributions for image-to-image translation. Still, their high computational demands prohibit their deployment in practical scenarios like edge devices. Existing GAN compression methods mainly rely on knowledge distillation or convolutional classifiers' pruning techniques. Thus, they neglect the critical characteristic of GANs: their local density structure over their learned manifold. Accordingly, we approach GAN compression from a new perspective by explicitly encouraging the pruned model to preserve the density structure of the original parameter-heavy model on its learned manifold. We facilitate this objective for the pruned model by partitioning the learned manifold of the original generator into local neighborhoods around its generated samples. Then, we propose a novel pruning objective to regularize the pruned model to preserve the local density structure over each neighborhood, resembling the kernel density estimation method. Also, we develop a collaborative pruning scheme in which the discriminator and generator are pruned by two pruning agents. We design the agents to capture interactions between the generator and discriminator by exchanging their peer's feedback when determining corresponding models' architectures. Thanks to such a design, our pruning method can efficiently find performant sub-networks and can maintain the balance between the generator and discriminator more effectively compared to baselines during pruning, thereby showing more stable pruning dynamics. Our experiments on image translation GAN models, Pix2Pix and CycleGAN, with various benchmark datasets and architectures demonstrate our method's effectiveness.

Compressing Image-to-Image Translation GANs Using Local Density Structures on Their Learned Manifold

We investigate the use of a stratified sampling approach for LIME Image, a popular model-agnostic explainable AI method for computer vision tasks, in order to reduce the artifacts generated by typical Monte Carlo sampling.
Such artifacts are due to the undersampling of the dependent variable in the synthetic neighborhood around the image being explained, which may result in inadequate explanations due to the impossibility of fitting a linear regressor on the sampled data.
We then highlight a connection with the Shapley theory, where similar arguments about undersampling and sample relevance were suggested in the past.
We derive all the formulas and adjustment factors required for an unbiased stratified sampling estimator. 
Experiments show the efficacy of the proposed approach.

Using Stratified Sampling to Improve LIME Image Explanations | VIDEO

3D Single Object Tracking (SOT) stands a forefront task of computer vision, proving essential for applications like autonomous driving. Sparse and occluded data in scene point clouds introduce variations in the appearance of objects under surveillance, adding complexity to the task. In our research, we unveil M3SOT, a novel 3D SOT framework, which synergizes multiple input frames (template sets), multiple receptive fields (continuous contexts), and multiple solution spaces (distinct tasks) in ONE model. Remarkably, M3SOT pioneers in modeling temporality, contexts, and tasks directly from point clouds, revisiting a perspective on the key factors influencing SOT. To this end, we design a transformer-based network centered on point cloud targets in the search area, aggregating diverse contextual representations and propagating target cues by employing historical frames. As M3SOT spans varied processing perspectives, we've streamlined the network—trimming its depth and optimizing its structure—to ensure a lightweight and efficient deployment for SOT applications. We posit that, backed by practical construction, M3SOT sidesteps the need for complex frameworks and auxiliary components to deliver sterling results. Extensive experiments on benchmarks such as KITTI, nuScenes, and Waymo Open Dataset demonstrate that M3SOT achieves state-of-the-art performance at 38 FPS. Post-anonymization, both the code and the model will be open to the public.

M3SOT: Multi-Frame, Multi-Field, Multi-Space 3D Single Object Tracking

We introduce HuTuMotion, an innovative approach for generating natural human motions that navigates latent motion diffusion models by leveraging few-shot human feedback. Unlike existing approaches that sample latent variables from a standard normal prior distribution, our method adapts the prior distribution to better suit the characteristics of the data, as indicated by human feedback, thus enhancing the quality of motion generation. Additionally, HuTuMotion also supports personalized and style-aware motion generation. The experimental results show the significantly superior performance of our method over existing state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, our findings reveal that utilizing few-shot feedback can yield performance levels on par with those attained through extensive human feedback. This discovery emphasizes the  potential and efficiency of incorporating few-shot human-guided optimization within latent diffusion models for human motion generation applications.

HuTuMotion: Human-Tuned Navigation of Latent Motion Diffusion Models with Minimal Feedback

Very few methods for hybrid federated learning, where clients only hold subsets of both features and samples, exist. Yet, this scenario is very important in practical settings. We provide a fast, robust algorithm for hybrid federated learning that hinges on Fenchel Duality. We prove the convergence of the algorithm to the same solution as if the model was trained centrally in a variety of practical regimes. Furthermore, we provide experimental results that demonstrate the performance improvements of the algorithm over a commonly used method in federated learning, FedAvg, and an existing hybrid FL algorithm, HyFEM. We also provide privacy considerations and necessary steps to protect client data.

A Primal-Dual Algorithm for Hybrid Federated Learning

Infrared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) refers to detecting faint targets in infrared images, which has achieved notable progress with the advent of deep learning. However, the drive for improved detection accuracy has led to larger, intricate models with redundant parameters, causing storage and computation inefficiencies. In this pioneering study, we introduce the concept of utilizing network pruning to enhance the efficiency of IRSTD. Due to the challenge posed by low signal-to-noise ratios and the absence of detailed semantic information in infrared images, directly applying existing pruning techniques yields suboptimal performance. To address this, we propose a novel wavelet structure-regularized soft channel pruning method, giving rise to the efficient IRPruneDet model. Our approach involves representing the weight matrix in the wavelet domain and formulating a wavelet channel pruning strategy. We incorporate wavelet regularization to induce structural sparsity without incurring extra memory usage. Moreover, we design a soft channel reconstruction method that preserves important target information against premature pruning, thereby ensuring an optimal sparse structure while maintaining overall sparsity. Through extensive experiments on two widely-used benchmarks, our IRPruneDet method surpasses established techniques in both model complexity and accuracy. Specifically, when employing U-net as the baseline network, IRPruneDet achieves a 64.13% reduction in parameters and a 51.19% decrease in FLOPS, while improving IoU from 73.31% to 75.12% and nIoU from 70.92% to 74.30%. The source code will be released.

IRPruneDet: Efficient Infrared Small Target Detection via Wavelet Structure-Regularized Soft Channel Pruning

Weak supervision has proven to be an effective strategy for reducing the burden of annotating semantic segmentation tasks in 3D space. However, unconstrained or heuristic weakly supervised annotation forms may lead to suboptimal label efficiency. To address this issue, we propose a novel label recommendation framework for weakly supervised point cloud semantic segmentation. Distinct from pre-training and active learning, the label recommendation framework consists of three stages: inductive bias learning, recommendations for points to be labeled, and point cloud semantic segmentation learning. In practice, we first introduce the point cloud upsampling task to induct inductive bias from structural information. During the recommendation stage, we present a cross-scene clustering strategy to generate centers of clustering as recommended points. Then we introduce a recommended point positions attention module LabelAttention to model the long-range dependency under sparse annotations. Additionally, we employ position encoding to enhance the spatial awareness of semantic features. Throughout the framework, the useful information obtained from inductive bias learning is propagated to subsequent semantic segmentation networks in the form of label positions. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework outperforms weakly supervised point cloud semantic segmentation methods and other methods for labeling efficiency on S3DIS and ScanNetV2, even at an extremely low label rate.

Less Is More: Label Recommendation for Weakly Supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation

Neuro-symbolic hybrid systems are promising for integrating machine learning and symbolic reasoning, where perception models are facilitated with information inferred from a symbolic knowledge base through logical reasoning. Despite empirical evidence showing the ability of hybrid systems to learn accurate perception models, the theoretical understanding of learnability is still lacking. Hence, it remains unclear why a hybrid system succeeds for a specific task and when it may fail given a different knowledge base. In this paper, we introduce a novel way of characterising supervision signals from a knowledge base, and establish a criterion for determining the knowledge’s efficacy in facilitating successful learning. This, for the first time, allows us to address the two questions above by inspecting the knowledge base under investigation. Our analysis suggests that many knowledge bases satisfy the criterion, thus enabling effective learning, while some fail to satisfy it, indicating potential failures. Comprehensive experiments confirm the utility of our criterion on benchmark tasks.

Deciphering Raw Data in Neuro-Symbolic Learning with Provable Guarantees

Federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving approach for collaborative training of machine learning models. Given the potential data heterogeneity, it is crucial to select appropriate collaborators for each FL participant (FL-PT) based on data complementarity. Recent studies have addressed this challenge. Similarly, it is imperative to consider the inter-individual relationships among FL-PTs where a part of FL-PTs engage in competitive behaviors. Although FL literature has acknowledged the significance of this scenario, practical methods for establishing FL ecosystems with these dynamics remain largely underexplored. In this paper, we extend a principle from balance theory, namely ``the friend of my enemy is my enemy'', to ensure the absence of conflicting interests within an FL ecosystem. The extended principle and the resulting problem are formulated via graph theory and integer linear programming; further, a polynomial-time algorithm is proposed to determine the collaborators of each FL-PT. The solution guarantees high scalability, allowing even competing FL-PTs to smoothly join the ecosystem without conflicts of interest. The framework of this paper is also general where competition and data heterogeneity are both considered. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework and its ability to establish efficient collaboration networks for FL ecosystems.

FedCompetitors: Harmonious Collaboration in Federated Learning with Competing Participants

Computer vision models have been known to encode harmful biases, leading to the potentially unfair treatment of historically marginalized groups, such as people of color. However, there remains a lack of datasets balanced along demographic traits that can be used to evaluate the downstream fairness of these models. In this work, we demonstrate that diffusion models can be leveraged to create such a dataset. We first use a diffusion model to generate a large set of images depicting various occupations. Subsequently, each image is edited using inpainting to generate multiple variants, where each variant refers to a different perceived race. Using this dataset, we benchmark several vision-language models on a multi-class occupation classification task. We find that images generated with non-Caucasian labels have a significantly higher occupation misclassification rate than images generated with Caucasian labels, and that several misclassifications are suggestive of racial biases. We measure a model’s downstream fairness by computing the standard deviation in the probability of predicting the true occupation label across the different identity groups. Using this fairness metric, we find significant disparities between the evaluated vision-and-language models. We hope that our work demonstrates the potential value of diffusion methods for fairness evaluations.

FM-OV3D: Foundation Model-Based Cross-Modal Knowledge Blending for Open-Vocabulary 3D Detection

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FM-OV3D: Foundation Model-Based Cross-Modal Knowledge Blending for Open-Vocabulary 3D Detection

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Compressing Image-to-Image Translation GANs Using Local Density Structures on Their Learned Manifold

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