Brazil

This paper presents the design and implementation details of a system build-up by using off-the-shelf algorithms for urban video analytics. The system allows the connection to public video surveillance camera networks to obtain the necessary information to generate statistics from urban scenarios (e.g., amount of vehicles, type of cars, direction, numbers of persons, etc.). The obtained information could be used not only for traffic management but also to estimate the carbon footprint of urban scenarios. As a case study, a university campus is selected to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The system is implemented in a modular way so that it is being used as a testbed to evaluate different algorithms. Implementation results are provided showing the validity and utility of the proposed approach.

IWSSIP 2020

Off-the-Shelf Based System for Urban Environment Video Analytics

off-the-shelf video analytics.

website framework

greenhouse gases

object tracking

object detection

carbon footprint

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


ICPR 2020

technical paper

The 27th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing.

Dynamic smart cities models should provide enhanced descriptions on the corresponding systems, processes and services to facilitate their continuous improvement, learning and innovation, oriented to satisfy the increasing necessities of the involved educated citizens. This paper proposes a cognitive enterprise architecture framework (EAF) for smart cities, supported by a hybrid model based on a geographic information system (GIS) and associated graph-database (GDB). The corresponding framework allows managing and integrating: spatial and nonspatial data, dynamic and static data, numeric and semantic data, physical and conceptual data, information and knowledge, and associated relations of the corresponding city systems, environment and context. The augmented space model considered is based on augmented reality (AR) and augmented space (AS) principles, which includes augmented systems, channels, images, models and maps. This cognitive space can improve the governance, observability and controllability, interactions, visibility, transparency, monitoring, and review of the corresponding city services. The model supports the selected enterprise architecture framework for continuously aligning the diverse city stakeholder goals, technologies, ecosystems and roadmaps. Several application factors, at different levels, are analyzed to demonstrate the capabilities and possibilities of the proposed model.

The Augmented Space of a Smart City

Smart parking systems can manage real-time city resources, and geo-locally provides them to drivers. It involves on– and off–street parking management; that is why smart parking has been considered promising inception and a leading paradigm of a smart city. The design of a smart city ecosystem, especially on urban mobility, has a tremendous impact on resource status and city capacities. Although its high capacity to work for quality of experience and Business Intelligence, works about smart parking in the literature do not take advantage of this in its proposes. This work proposes the BEM framework that intends to take advantage of the car park Management and improve Quality Experience and Business Intelligence being an essential vector for the advancement of smart cities. A proof of concept was implemented, proving the solution viability.

BEM: A Framework based on Business Intelligence, Quality of Experience, and Car Park Management

Evaluation of Output Representations in Neural Network-based Trajectory Predictions Systems

Intelligent transport support systems have had a major impact on people’s urban mobility. In large urban centers, transportation services still need ways to optimize vehicle supply in certain areas, according to the demand in each of them. This work proposes a stream learning methodology for taxi demand prediction, that tackles concept drift detection on a real taxi data stream.

A Methodology for Taxi Demand Prediction Using Stream Learning

Smart cities should be built on harmonious relationships with the environment, with rational measures to use environmental resources in many ways. Resources essential to human life such as water and energy must have special attention. With the advance of technologies use, human being becomes one of the main promoters of information and solutions for smart cities. Stream machine learning is an approach where data becomes available sequentially, called data stream, which adapts the prediction model with fixed window-sized data stream. The objective of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of buildings energy consumption using stream learning. To achieve this goal, MOA tool was used to evaluate the performance of the selected stream learning algorithms on an an open database. Batch algorithms were also used as testbed, to analyze the performance of stream algorithms related to them

Energy Consumption Prediction using Data Stream Learning for Commercial Buildings

Monitoring and using city devices to improve the life-quality of citizens is currently a challenge.
Such devices, as traffic lights and cameras, have been providing data to assist decisions to improve the functionality of cities.
Verifying and certifying the systems used for critical decisions is one of the challenges that still require some effort.
Reo takes advantage of a formal logic-based framework which makes it possible to reason, guarantee requirements, absence of described failures and provide certified software (i.e.\ proved-to-be-correct regarding the specification).
This work is tailored to show how to use Reo to model Smart Cities software interaction compiling to an automated logic model able to guarantee the required constraints in a certified system.

Modelling and Certifying Smart Cities in Reo Circuits

Wi-Fi networks have attracted a lot of attention due to its large deployment. In this work, we evaluate the performance of Multi-label machine learning methods to build classification models capable of providing wireless network access points (AP) occupancy predictions throughout the day. The APs association dataset used in our experiment was built using data from SCIFI network of Fluminense Federal University for a period of 6 months.

An Experimental Analysis for Detecting Wi-Fi Network Associations Using Multi-label Learning

One of the most critical issues in Smart Cities (SC) is how to use the energy system properly. The capacity to provide more detailed consumption information and more accurate consumer feedback is an essential step towards energy sustainability. On the end-user side, a system that supports the measurement of several points of consumption and provides visual information can help consumers reduce energy waste. On the other side, electric utilities can use a real-time measurement system to infer the energy consumption behavior, to find metering inconsistencies, to optimize the system, or to maintain the reliability of the supply system based on data information. This work presents a demand-side management Framework for smart cities which aims to provide integration between consumers and energy distribution utilities. %with prototype and proof of concept,
This Framework can help the electricity demand control, presenting real-time consumption data and presenting relevant data on their consumption points to consumers. A prototype was developed as a proof of concept.

Demand-Side Management Framework for Smart Cities

The development of techniques to automatic set up parameters in image processing methods based on variational approaches is cumbersome because the model sensitivity to parameters values is not known in general. In this paper, we address this issue through a data-driven inverse problem. Specifically, our methodology receives pairs (input image(s), desired result(s)) and seeks for the near optimum parameter vector through an inverse problem based on minimization scheme. The methodology is not restricted to a particular functional and it does not require large annotated data sets as input. Besides, methods based on partial differential equations (PDEs) can be also accommodated in our approach. We validate the methodology for calibrating parameters using as test-bed a variation of Mumford-Shah method. The obtained solutions using the parameters found in this paper are compared with literature results in order to show the efficiency of our technique.


Parameterizing Variational Methods Through Data-Driven Inverse Problems for Image Processing Applications.

Breast cancer is one of the most severe types ofcancer and responsible for about 15% of all women death related to cancer worldwide. Mammography is the most reliable and recommended approach to help early detection of breast cancer, since this technique can detect the disease in its asymptomatic phase. Different Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems have been used to aid in the diagnosis serving as second opinion to the physicians. These systems extract features from masses found in mammograms, which compose inputs to the classifiers used in CAD systems. The main contribution of this study is the evaluation of different polygonal representations on the phase of feature extraction. In this context, two different polygonal models were tested with different parameters to represent boundaries of masses. Artificial neural networks, support vector machines and k-nearest neighbors were used to discriminate masses as benign and malignant achieving accuracy of 85%, 84% and 85%, respectively.

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