United Kingdom

Diversity in morphology of floral organs across all angiosperms poses 
interesting question on roles of conserved floral patterning genes in 
diverged species. One example of this diversity is rice lodicule; a small 
fleshy organ regarded as petal analogue. Lodicule shape and anatomy 
underlie its function in floret opening, permitting stamen emergence 
and cross-pollination. The roles of the conserved PISTILLATA paralogs; 
OsMADS2 and OsMADS4 floral patterning regulators in lodicule and 
stamen development are not fully appreciated, underlining the need 
for generating and characterizing their null mutants. Here we showed 
that osmads2 null mutant bears abnormal lodicules and unaffected 
stamens, reiterating prior reports of our group and from others that 
OsMADS2 roles are partially and fully redundant in lodicules and 
stamens, respectively. Importantly, osmads2 null mutants displayed 
novel phenotypes in floral organ number, symmetry, and flowering time. 
Disrupting OsMADS4 transcripts in osmads2-/- lines abolished lodicule 
function as it adopted entirely abnormal shape. Transformed lodicules 
had altered cell wall, cell shape, cell division and vasculature. These 
changes were more pronounced in osmads2-/- ;osmads4RNAi double 
mutants. Additionally, novel phenotypes in carpels, in inflorescence 
rachis elongation were noted. Interestingly, we uncovered a potential 
mechanism through which parthenocarpy is suppressed by these organ 
pattern regulators. Through RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analyses, we 
identified (in)direct target genes for these patterning factors whose 
regulation can contribute to the mutant phenotypes. Further, we 
gained new insights on divergence of these paralogous genes using 
complementation analysis. Overall, this study expands knowledge on 
the molecular mechanisms controlled by rice class B PI-like factors.

SEB Conference 2023 

SHAPE DEFINES FUNCTION — EXAMPLE OF A RICE FLORAL ORGAN.  UNRAVELLING THE GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF LODICULE DEVELOPMENT

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