United States

Arkansas is primarily an agricultural economy with billions of dollars accrued through crop production. Because of this, agriculture should be represented in Arkansas classrooms and in national education as agronomy requires a broad range of STEM trained graduates. Teachers can introduce basic physics concepts such as fluid flow and thermodynamics using real world agricultural scenarios and in-class demonstrations such as measuring water amount in soil, to demonstrating the effect of water evaporation in irrigation systems (and the resultant cost of such). As a cross cutting concept, soybeans are cultivated to be used in the implementation of this lesson to determine water evaporation which includes discussion of soybean transpiration. The concepts and examples presented can easily be modified for any science classroom using locally used crops.

AAPT SM 21

Teaching physics using agricultural concepts.

physics based agriculture

real-world issues

stem lessons

agricuture

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The Physics Teacher focuses on teaching introductory physics at the high school, two- and four-year college, and university levels. Typical topics include innovative physics demonstrations, new ways of doing lab experiments, ideas for presenting difficult concepts more clearly, suggestions for implementing newer technology into teaching, historical insights that enrich the physics course, and suggestions for using results from physics education research, all focused on teachers in the introductory physics classroom. I’ll discuss our newest process for submitting manuscripts and what to expect after you submit your work.


Submitting a manuscript to The Physics Teacher

The biological cell exhibits a fantastic range of behaviors, but ultimately these are governed by a handful of physical and chemical principles. Here we explore simple theory, known for decades and based on the simple thermodynamics of mixtures of ideal gases, which illuminates several key functions performed within the cell. Our focus is the free-energy-driven import and export of molecules, such as nutrients and other vital compounds, via transporter proteins. Complementary to a thermodynamic picture is a description of transporters via "mass-action" chemical kinetics, which lends further insights into biological machinery and free energy use. Both thermodynamic and kinetic descriptions can shed light on the fundamental non-equilibrium aspects of transport. Our biochemical-physics discussion will remain agnostic to chemical details.

Key biology you should have learned in physics class

The conceptual development of student understanding of weight
Xiangqun Zhang and Lei Bao
Existing research has reported persistent difficulties among students at all levels in understanding the concepts involving weight and gravitation. In the literature and textbooks, there are two versions of weight definition in terms of (1) the gravitational force applied on an object and (2) the force applied on the supporting object. The latter is often referred to as the operational definition of weight, which describes the process of weighing an object. Studies have also demonstrated that using the operational definition in teaching can improve student understanding of the concepts involving weight, gravitation, and weighing. However, in the Chinese middle school physics curriculum, the gravitational definition of weight is mandated and universally implemented in instruction. To investigate the impact on student learning from using the gravitational definition of weight, a post-instruction survey is conducted to examine students’ conceptual understandings of weight. The results will be discussed and compared to the literature.


The conceptual development of student understanding of weight

Reasoning about the concept of electric charge, and the meaning of the term "net charge" in particular, presents a greater learning challenge than students and instructors might initially recognize. This may be due in part to subtleties in the use of positive and negative signs to characterize complementary charges, rather than to indicate that the quantities are greater than or less than zero. In this talk, we discuss the nuances of electric charge as a physical quantity and situate it in a body of work by mathematics and physics education researchers to characterize the uses and meanings of signs. We then describe preliminary research that illustrates the effect of wording differences on student reasoning about electric charge as a signed quantity and discuss implications for instruction.

Electric charge as a signed quantity

Reasoning consistently across contexts is a challenge in learning physics. Even students who demonstrate correct conceptual understanding and reasoning on one task often fail to use the same knowledge and skills on related tasks. Observed inconsistencies can be accounted for by dual-process theories, which assert that human cognition involves two thinking processes: the heuristic, which is fast and automatic, and the analytic, which is slow and deliberate. Inconsistent responses arise when the heuristic process produces an intuitively appealing (but incorrect) response that the analytic process fails to reject. We speculated that instruction that makes the dual nature of human cognition explicit and more visible to the students could help them recognize and evaluate intuitive responses more productively. We will present results of a study designed to probe the impact of such instruction on student learning in introductory calculus-based mechanics courses.

Making dual nature of human reasoning more explicit during instruction*

In accounting for the terminal speed behavior of a falling object, it can be challenging for students to coordinate the quadratic drag force model with the Fnet=0 condition. On some questions, students seem to reason in ways inconsistent with force balance ideas they have successfully applied in related contexts. We have used dual process theories of reasoning to interpret such responses, and also to guide design of an intervention. This talk will present the intervention, link elements of the intervention to dual process theory, and share preliminary results.

A dual process based teaching intervention for terminal speed*

Mathematics education researchers have been investigating for decades – in math contexts – student understanding of the many uses of algebraic variables. Physics, with its alphabet soup of symbolic representations of quantities and constants, takes this variation in variable use to a whole new level. There is a growing body of evidence from physics education researchers suggesting that student difficulty with manipulating variables presents a barrier to succeeding in physics. The context dependence of symbol use in physics is nuanced, and often not part of students’ mathematics preparation. In this talk we present evidence that the presence of a single variable significantly affects the outcome in even simple quantitative questions for students in calculus-based introductory physics. We present a framework, adapted from mathematics education, for thinking about the various roles that algebraic variables play in physics contexts. We present recommendations for instruction to help students conceptualize these uses.


The mixed messaging of algebraic variables in physics

A large body of research supports the positive impact of interactive instruction on student learning. The mechanism for this increased student learning, however, is less well understood. We propose collaborative mechanistic reasoning as a possible mechanism for this enhanced learning. In this research, we analyze video episodes of small group work during weekly LA preparation sessions, using a discourse analysis framework developed by Russ et al. (2008) to identify elements of mechanistic reasoning. This framework allows us to identify episodes of high-level mechanistic reasoning in LA discussion. In our analysis, we are focused on the highest level of mechanistic reasoning, chaining. We will present analysis of an episode of collaborative chaining in terms of the mechanistic reasoning discourse analysis framework.


Collaborative mechanistic reasoning in a Learning Assistant preparation session

What role does experimental apparatus play as a semiotic resource and what do students do when the apparatus is replaced with a video of the same experiment?
In this talk, we will examine this question in the context of a quasi-experimental study where we examined how students developed scientific reasoning abilities using video-based experiments as compared to students who conducted the same experiments with physical apparatus.
In comparing the affordances and constraints of each environment (video-based experiments versus apparatus-based experiments) we discovered interesting patterns in students’ sense-making behaviors
a. When equipment was present, it served as a key semiotic resource in sense-making.
b. Students in the video-based condition also engaged in sense-making without equipment. When they did, their verbal sense-making was accompanied by extensive use of gesture.
We will present case studies from our research and discuss the broader implications for supporting students' sense-making in different contexts.

Sense-making by manipulating apparatus and using gesture

In a field that is known for being predominantly white and male, teachers have a greater than usual obligation and challenge to ensure students can see themselves as doers of physics. Starting from Gholdy Muhammad's Historical Responsive Literacy framework, the identity encounters were formed. Rather than a focus on "inspiring" students, students are exposed to a diverse group of physicists and physics students in both live and pre-recorded formats. The structure of the encounters and their impact on student identity will be discussed.

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Teaching physics using agricultural concepts.

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