Singapore

Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (IDRR) remains a challenging task due to the requirement for deep semantic understanding in the absence of explicit discourse markers. A further limitation is that existing methods only predict relations without providing any supporting explanations. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown strong reasoning capabilities in both deep language understanding and natural language explanation generation. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective approach to distill the reasoning capabilities of LLMs into lightweight IDRR models to improve both performance and interpretability. Specifically, we first prompt an LLM to generate explanations for each training instance conditioned on its gold label. Then, we introduce a novel classification-generation framework that jointly performs relation prediction and explanation generation, and train it with the additional supervision of LLM-generated explanations. Our framework is plug-and-play, enabling easy integration with most existing IDRR models. Experimental results on PDTB demonstrate that our approach significantly improves IDRR performance, while human evaluation further confirms that the generated explanations enhance model interpretability. Furthermore, we validate the generality of our approach on sentiment classification and natural language inference.

AAAI 2026

Improving Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition with Natural Language Explanations from LLMs

nlp: discourse

nlp: text classification & sentiment analysis

pragmatics & argument mining

**Welcome to EMNLP 2023!**

On behalf of the EMNLP 2023 Organizing Committee, I extend a warm and heartfelt welcome to all of you to the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). It is with immense pleasure and excitement that we gather here in Singapore, a vibrant hub of innovation and technological advancement.

The conference program is packed with insightful presentations, thought-provoking workshops, and engaging networking opportunities. In addition to the technical sessions, we have also planned several social events that will provide you with the opportunity to connect with your colleagues.

The conference is held in person at the Resorts World Convention Centre in Singapore, and available on-line with the help of Underline.

For those in Singapore, I hope that you will find time to explore the exciting Sentosa Island, Gardens by the Bay, Singapore Botanic Gardens and the many other attractions unique to Singapore.

Of course, we are grateful to our sponsors and partners for their generous support of EMNLP 2023, whose contributions make it possible for us to host this world-class event.

Yuji Matsumoto (RIKEN AIP) 
EMNLP 2023 General Chair

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EMNLP 2023

EMNLP 2023 took place in Singapore from Dec 6th to Dec 10th, 2023.

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming biomedical imaging, from tumor segmentation to multimodal diagnosis, but reliable deployment in hospitals remains a pressing challenge. Models often struggle with limited labeled data, fail to generalize across scanners and institutions, and lack theoretical guarantees needed for safety-critical decisions. In this talk, I will present our research on overcoming these challenges. I will discuss label-efficient and class-imbalanced learning methods that make effective use of large-scale unlabeled data, theoretical frameworks that embed statistical principles into deep learning for stability and reliability, and medical foundation models that provide universal anatomical priors with lightweight refinement for diverse clinical settings. Together, these advances move biomedical AI beyond benchmark performance toward systems that are robust, generalizable, and clinically actionable.

Towards Robust, Reliable, and Generalized Medical AI

Global biodiversity loss is accelerating, prompting international efforts such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to direct resources toward halting species declines. A key challenge in achieving this goal is having access to robust methodologies to understand where species occur and how they relate to each other within broader ecological communities. Recent deep learning-based advances in joint species distribution modeling have shown improved predictive performance, but effectively incorporating community-level learning, taking into account species-species relationships in addition to species-environment relationships, remains an outstanding challenge. We introduce LabelKAN, a novel framework based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) to learn inter-species connections from predictions of each label. We model the distributions of avian species and find substantial gains in predictive performance across the vast majority of species. In particular, our method demonstrates strong improvements for rare and difficult-to-predict species, which are often the most important when setting biodiversity targets under frameworks like the GBF. These performance gains also translate to more confident predictions of the species spatial patterns as well as more confident predictions of community structure. We illustrate how the LabelKAN leads to qualitative and quantitative improvements with a focused application on the Great Blue Heron, a keystone species in freshwater ecosystems that has experienced significant population declines across the United States in recent years. Using the LabelKAN framework, we are able to identify communities and species in New York that will be most sensitive to further declines in Great Blue Heron populations. Our results underscore the critical importance of incorporating information on community assemblage in species distribution modeling. By leveraging species co-occurrence patterns, our approach offers deeper ecological insights and supports more informed conservation planning in the face of accelerating biodiversity loss.

LabelKAN - Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Inter-Label Learning: Avian Community Learning

Despite the success of convolution- and attention-based models in vision tasks, their rigid receptive fields and complex architectures limit their ability to model irregular spatial patterns and hinder interpretability, therefore posing challenges for tasks requiring high model transparency. Clustering paradigms offer promising interpretability and flexible semantic modeling, but suffer from limited accuracy, low efficiency, and gradient vanishing during training. To address these issues, we propose CLUster attEntion Network (CLUENet), an transparent deep architecture for visual semantic understanding. We propose three key innovations include (i) a Global Soft Aggregation and Hard Assignment with a Temperature-Scaled Cosin Attention and gated residual connections for enhanced local modeling, (ii) inter-block Hard and Shared Feature Dispatching, and (iii) an improved cluster pooling strategy. These enhancements significantly improve both classification performance and visual interpretability. Experiments on CIFAR-100 and Mini-ImageNet demonstrate that CLUENet outperforms existing clustering methods and mainstream visual models, offering a compelling balance of accuracy, efficiency, and transparency.

CLUENet: Cluster Attention Makes Neural Networks Have Eyes

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding a set of collision-free paths for a team of agents. Although several MAPF methods which solve full-horizon MAPF have completeness guarantees, very few MAPF methods that plan partial paths have completeness guarantees.
Recent work introduced the Windowed Complete MAPF (WinC-MAPF) framework, which shows how windowed optimal MAPF solvers (e.g., SS-CBS) can use heuristic updates and disjoint agent groups to maintain completeness even when planning partial paths (Veerapaneni et al. 2024). A core limitation of WinC-MAPF is that they required optimal MAPF solvers. Our main contribution is to extend WinC-MAPF by showing how we can use a bounded suboptimal solver while maintaining completeness. 
In particular, we design Dynamic Agent Grouping ECBS (DAG-ECBS) which dynamically creates and plans agent groups while maintaining that each agent group solution is bounded suboptimal. We prove how DAG-ECBS can maintain completeness in the WinC-MAPF framework.
DAG-ECBS shows improved scalability compared to SS-CBS and can outperform windowed ECBS without completeness guarantees. More broadly, our work serves as a blueprint for designing more MAPF methods that can use the WinC-MAPF framework.

Dynamic Agent Grouping ECBS: Scaling Windowed Multi-Agent Path Finding with Completeness Guarantees

Automata learning has many applications in artificial intelligence and software engineering. Central to these applications is the L* algorithm, introduced by Angluin (1987). The L* algorithm learns deterministic finite-state automata (DFAs) in polynomial time when provided with a minimally adequate teacher. Unfortunately, the L* algorithm can only learn DFAs over finite alphabets, which limits its applicability. In this paper, we extend L* to learn symbolic automata whose transitions use predicates over rational numbers, i.e., over infinite and dense alphabets. Our result makes the L* algorithm applicable to new settings like (real) RGX, complex event processing, and time series. Furthermore, our proposed algorithm is optimal in the sense that it asks a number of queries to the teacher that is at most linear with respect to the number of transitions, and to the representation size of the predicates.

Active Learning of Symbolic Automata over Rational Numbers

We address the synthesis of control policies for unknown discrete-time stochastic dynamical systems to satisfy temporal logic objectives. We present a data-driven, abstraction-based control framework that integrates online learning with novel incremental game-solving. Under appropriate continuity assumptions, our method abstracts the system dynamics into a finite stochastic (2.5-player) game graph derived from data. Given a %temporal objective
requirement over time 
on this graph, we compute the winning region -- i.e., the set of initial states from which the objective is satisfiable -- in the resulting game, together with a corresponding control policy.

Our main contribution is the construction of abstractions, winning regions and control policies \emph{incrementally}, as data about the system dynamics accumulates. Concretely, our algorithm refines under- and over-approximations of reachable sets for each state-action pair as new data samples arrive. These refinements induce structural modifications in the game graph abstraction -- such as the addition or removal of nodes and edges -- which in turn modify the winning region. Crucially, we show that these updates are inherently monotonic: under-approximations can only grow, over-approximations can only shrink, and the winning region can only expand.

We exploit this monotonicity by defining an objective-induced ranking function on the nodes of the abstract game that increases monotonically as new data samples are incorporated. These ranks 
underpin our novel incremental game-solving algorithm, which employs customized gadgets (DAG-like subgames) within a rank-lifting algorithm to efficiently update the winning region. Numerical case studies demonstrate significant computational savings compared to the baseline approach, which resolves the entire game from scratch whenever new data samples arrive.

Incremental Data-Driven Policy Synthesis via Game Abstractions

Time-series anomaly detection (TSAD) has played a vital role in a variety of fields, including healthcare, finance, and industrial monitoring. Prior methods, which mainly focus on training domain-specific models on numerical data, lack the visual–temporal reasoning capacity that human experts have to identify contextual anomalies. To fill this gap, we explore a solution based on vision language models (VLMs). Recent studies have shown the ability of VLMs for visual reasoning tasks, yet their direct application to time series has fallen short on both accuracy and efficiency. To harness the power of VLMs for TSAD, we propose a two-stage solution, with (1) ViT4TS, a vision-screening stage built on a relatively lightweight pre-trained vision encoder, which leverages 2-D time series representations to accurately localize candidate anomalies; (2) VLM4TS, a VLM-based stage that integrates global temporal context and VLM's reasoning capacity to refine the detection upon the candidates provided by ViT4TS. We show that without any time-series training, VLM4TS outperforms time-series pre-trained and from-scratch baselines in most cases, yielding a 24.6% improvement in F1-max score over the best baseline. Moreover, VLM4TS also consistently outperforms existing language model-based TSAD methods and is on average 36 × more efficient in token usage.

Harnessing Vision-Language Models for Time Series Anomaly Detection

Document image tampering detection faces significant challenges due to the subtle and spatially dispersed nature of tampering traces, which are often confined to localized regions within tampered text. While existing methods leverage frequency domain information to reveal hidden artifacts, they fail to fully exploit the rich frequency spectrum and lack effective mechanisms for aggregating scattered tampering evidence across extended text regions. To overcome these limitations, we propose the $\textbf{T}$ext $\textbf{A}$ggregation and multi-$\textbf{F}$requency $\textbf{E}$nhancement $\textbf{Net}$work ($\textbf{TAFE-Net}$). Specifically, to capture more subtle tampering traces, we design a Multi-Frequency Feature Extractor that comprehensively utilizes various proven effective frequency information. In addition, the Visual-Frequency Integration Module and Direction-aware Frequency Decoupling Enhancement module are introduced to aggregate text features in both horizontal and vertical directions within the frequency domain, from coarse to fine granularity, addressing the incomplete detection of tampered text caused by dispersed tampering traces. Experiments on the DocTamper and RTM datasets demonstrate that our approach establishes new state-of-the-art results and maintains superior robustness against various degradations. Code will be publicly available.

Frequency Mining Empowered by Text Aggregation: A New Perspective on Document Image Tampering Detection

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as the mainstream paradigm for graph representation learning due to their effective message aggregation. However, this advantage also amplifies biases inherent in graph topology, raising fairness concerns. Existing fairness-aware GNNs provide satisfactory performance on fairness metrics such as Statistical Parity and Equal Opportunity while maintaining acceptable accuracy trade-offs. Unfortunately, we observe that this pursuit of fairness metrics neglects the GNN's ability to predict negative labels, which renders their predications with extremely high False Positive Rates (FPRs), resulting in negative effects in high-risk scenarios. To this end, we advocate that classification performance should be carefully calibrated while improving fairness, rather than simply constraining accuracy loss. Furthermore, we propose Fair GNN via Structural Entropy (\textbf{FairGSE}), a novel framework that maximizes two-dimensional structural entropy (2D-SE) to improve fairness without neglecting false positives. Experiments on several real-world datasets show FairGSE reduces FPR by 39\% vs. state-of-the-art fairness-aware GNNs, with comparable fairness improvement.

FairGSE: Fairness-Aware Graph Neural Network Without High False Positive Rates

Lead contamination in urban water systems remains a pervasive public health threat, affecting millions of American households and disproportionately endangering vulnerable population groups. Current municipal risk assessment and inspection strategies are overwhelmingly based on random sampling and complaint-driven protocols that overlook spatial complexity, reinforce inequities, and squander limited resources, leaving critical exposure areas unidentified. This paper presents a privacy-preserving framework for predicting lead contamination risk. It draws on partially anonymized residential testing data and applies graph neural networks alongside gradient-boosted ensembles. Specifically, our method integrates spatial Deep Graph Attention Networks classifiers to capture inter-neighborhood contamination dependencies, fuse demographic and spatial evidence, and produce interpretable risk scores. Those scores are actionable by municipal water authorities at the intra-neighborhood level. Through extensive experiments on newly constructed Chicago block-group level datasets, our framework achieves a balanced accuracy of 0.848 and reduces false positive lead contamination by up to 44\% versus spatial-only baselines and 21\% over current practice, without sacrificing recall on contaminated blocks. 
Our approach not only extends technical boundaries in spatial-ensemble learning and privacy-preserving urban health modeling, but also provides policymakers and public health officials with a means to assess and address contamination risks, supporting efforts to protect community health and safety.

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Towards Robust, Reliable, and Generalized Medical AI

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Prompt-based Logical Semantics Enhancement for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition

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