United States

The National Longitudinal Study of Young Life Scientists (NLSYLS) is the integration of two ongoing studies of biomedical PhD students from 132 programs across the U.S. from the time they began their PhDs through differentiation into the many career options open to them. In the first study, annual in-depth interviews were conducted with 276 students across the U.S. (Wood, et al. 2020). The second study, the Academy for Future Science Faculty (the Academy) enrolled 297 students in a randomized controlled trial of a group-based coaching intervention (Williams, et al. 2017). Across these two studies, participants were asked a set of core interview questions which solicited their reflections on topics like career goals and planning, PI/mentor relationships, and lab environments. Interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner, allowing the interviewers to follow-up and adapt to the answers of an interviewee. Together, the prospective study designs and in-depth qualitative data allow unprecedented insights into all aspects of PhD and postdoctoral training, including what leads students into different career paths and additional challenges and barriers encountered by minoritized individuals.

The varying nature of mentor-mentee relationships represents a key area of interest in efforts to understand career outcomes, with scholars suggesting that mentorship programming may be a crucial intervention toward greater science engagement (Lewis, et al. 2017). The PI role involves a variety of demands which are sometimes in competition with each other, such as developing and leading a line of research, grant-seeking, authoring manuscripts, publishing, and career advising. Thus, mentors regularly decide among activities which promote trainee futures and activities focused on their own careers – decisions which stand to shape trainee trajectories. Our in-depth, longitudinal approach allows us to explore consequences of mentors’ low or high engagement with trainee career goals from the trainee perspective. Given that not all mentors will closely follow former students as they settle into careers, trainee perspectives are most elucidating for how mentor efforts shape trainee outcomes. Through case studies of NLSYLS participants with different career outcomes, we identify a small number of cases which illustrate, from the trainee perspective, the pivotal role that some mentors play in student trajectories. While trainee outcomes may be attributable to factors both within and beyond quality of mentorship, we focus on crucial turning points in career planning as moments when participants encounter PI intervention that can radically change outcomes. 

Preliminary analysis focuses on two sets of cases. Our first set of cases highlights the influence of enthusiastic guidance from highly engaged mentors. These participants described mentors who thoughtfully considered their mentees’ futures, encouraged pursuit of difficult career goals and intervened when low morale jeopardized persistence toward these careers. Our second set of cases represent the opposite end of the spectrum – participants who attributed derailment from initial career goals to the actions of mentors who prioritized their own success over mentee futures. 

By focusing on cases at opposite ends of the spectrum, we will illustrate divergent ways in which mentorship can be highly impactful. We will discuss specific mentor behaviors and their consequences for mentee trajectories to illuminate implications for mentorship-focused interventions. Analysis of clear cases of PI intervention at these crucial turning points may also explicate strategies for improved day-to-day mentoring.

2025 Understanding Interventions Annual Conference

Mentors Changing the Course of History for Biomedical PhD Trainees

UI is excited to announce the rescheduled 12th Annual Conference on Understanding Interventions December 10 & 12, 2020! As you may recall, the original conference scheduled back in March 2020 had to be cancelled due the worsening global conditions, and further declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Stay tuned for details regarding the virtual conference.

On December 10, 2020 from 12:00-5:00pm (EST), and December 12, 2020 from 11:00am-5:00pm (EST), UI will host the Virtual 12th Annual Understanding Interventions Conference powered by Underline. Attendees will experience plenaries, workshops, symposia, and poster presentations on hypothesis-based research on interventions and initiatives that broaden participation in STEM careers. The conference will continue to facilitate the dialogue among education, behavioral, and social science researchers, evaluators, and faculty in STEM fields who participate in intervention programs. Graduate students in these fields are strongly encouraged to attend. Workshops, sessions, and posters will communicate effective strategies from successful STEM intervention programs, present results from empirical research studies, and synthesize the translation of research findings into practice on STEM learning, undergraduate research, graduate education, and student retention.

12th Conference on Understanding Interventions 2020

12th Annual Understanding Interventions Conference continues to facilitate the dialogue among education, behavioral, and social science researchers, evaluators, and faculty in STEM fields who participate in intervention programs. Workshops, sessions, and posters communicate effective strategies from successful STEM intervention programs, present results from empirical research studies, and synthesize the translation of research findings into practice on STEM learning, undergraduate research, graduate education, and student retention.

poster

### Welcome to the 2025 Understanding Interventions Annual Conference

This year’s event promises to be an enlightening experience, filled with opportunities for sharing, networking, engagement, and inspiration.

Our mission? To foster an inclusive environment where the science communities can come together to discuss, collaborate, and strategize on how to broaden participation in science careers. Whether you’re an educator, researcher, policymaker, or passionate advocate, this conference is designed to provide valuable insights and practical solutions.

Get ready for:
* **Cutting-edge Research:** Explore the latest trends and findings in interventions aimed at enhancing diversity and inclusion in science fields.
* **Networking Opportunities:** Connect with like-minded professionals, forge new partnerships, and exchange ideas that can drive meaningful change.
* **Inspiring Keynote & Speakers:** Gain insights from renowned speakers who are leading the charge in promoting diversity and equity in science.
* **Global Perspectives:** Engage with experts from around the world to gain diverse perspectives and approaches to addressing common challenges.
* **Professional Development:** Enhance your skills and knowledge through workshops, panel discussions, and interactive sessions tailored to your professional growth.
* **Seed Funding Opportunities:** Learn about funding opportunities and resources available to support initiatives aimed at increasing diversity in STEM.

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Thank you for visiting Understanding Interventions 2025 Annual Conference event page.<br><br> In order to gain full access, please register [**here**](https://understandinginterventions.swoogo.com/ui2024/begin).

Please register!

Don’t miss out on this invaluable opportunity to be part of a movement towards a more inclusive and equitable future in science. This year’s event promises to be an enlightening experience, filled with opportunities for sharing, networking, engagement, and inspiration.
Mark your calendars, spread the word, and join us for the 2025 Understanding Interventions Annual Conference on February 7-8th.

College students, especially those who completed high school during the COVID-19 period, are increasingly unprepared for college-level work. A significant challenge in freshman-level science courses is the reliance on rote memorization, which hinders students' ability to engage in higher cognitive learning (e.g., analysis, comprehension, and connecting ideas). To address this issue, we piloted a pre-college transition program aimed at promoting higher-order learning through a case study approach to teaching biology and chemistry. Case studies enhance academic performance, motivation, and critical thinking (Bonney, 2015). Considering the importance of math skills in science, we also incorporated ALEKS, an adaptive online learning platform, to provide individualized math curricula tailored to each student. ALEKS PPL has been shown to be an effective tool for reinforcing math concepts that the students have already seen so that they can achieve an improvement in their math course placement to at least college algebra and trigonometry (Reisel et al, 2014).

The primary objectives of the program were: 1) Improve students' understanding of foundational biology and chemistry concepts, and 2) help participants place into college-level math courses. Biology and chemistry instructors received training from the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science (NCCSTS) at the University of Buffalo. The case studies used were selected from the NCCSTS Case Collection to align with freshman courses, targeting challenging topics identified from comprehensive exams. Students also completed an ALEKS math assessment to customize their learning path.

The summer program included morning sessions focused on group work with case studies in biology and chemistry, supported by short lectures and problem sets. Pre- and post-comprehensive exams were administered to measure students’ deep understanding without allowing extra study time. In the afternoon, students focused on mathematics, working on individualized exercises during class and completing ALEKS modules as homework. The math curriculum was adjusted daily based on student progress, and ALEKS placement scores were compared with those of non-participants.

Data were collected from three cohorts over three years (2021-2024). Statistical comparisons between program participants and non-participants included paired t-tests for pre- and post-exam scores (biology and chemistry), Chi-square tests to determine significant differences in ALEKS placement scores, and independent t-tests to compare GPA and grades. The program showed a significant positive effect on chemistry performance, while improvements in biology were not statistically significant but showed positive trends. ALEKS-based math instruction led to significantly more students placing into college-level math, including calculus. However, no significant differences were found in overall GPAs between participants and non-participants.

In conclusion, the pre-college transition program demonstrated promising outcomes in preparing students for college-level coursework, particularly in chemistry and mathematics. The case study approach to teaching biology and chemistry effectively engaged students in higher-order learning, while ALEKS provided personalized support for strengthening foundational math skills. The significant improvements in chemistry performance and increased placement into college-level math underscore the value of combining case studies and adaptive learning platforms to bridge the preparedness gap for incoming freshmen. Although no significant differences were found in overall GPAs, the positive trends in biology and math outcomes suggest that such interventions can serve as valuable tools for enhancing student readiness and success in STEM fields. Future iterations of the program could benefit from additional strategies to further strengthen biology learning outcomes and broaden the overall impact on student academic achievement. Supported by NSF grant 1912170.

MSU PERSIST Summer Program: Enhancing Science Student Retention through Pre-Matriculation Case-Based Learning

Mentor/Mentee Jobs on Campus (MMJOC) is a new career development and mentorship program launched at Hostos Community College (HCC) that is designed to provide undergraduate students with workforce experience to facilitate their transition from college to the workplace combined with mentoring to support students’ academic progress and professional development. Students are hired to work a maximum of 10 hours/week at various academic and administrative departments across HCC and paired with a faculty/staff mentor that supports their academic and career goals. MMJOC provides students with access to skill-building experiences and mentorship that equips them to effectively navigate work in a professional environment. Mentors receive guidance on how to strengthen mentoring relationships through focused mentoring sessions that address students’ academic support, professional development, personal development, and maintaining health/work/life and balance. Career development events are held every semester to help students further develop their career readiness skills and promote peer bonding. MMJOC integrates key components of effective mentorship and how to apply best practices in developing and sustaining mentor-mentee relationships, including setting clear expectations through objectives, establishing communication norms, and facilitating professional growth through programming. The NACE (National Association of Colleges and Employers) career readiness competencies (career and self-development, communication, critical thinking, equity & inclusion, leadership, professionalism, teamwork, technology) are foundational for preparing undergraduate students for the transition to the workforce. Capacity-building workshops educate mentors on strategies for integrating these into the work setting through focused skill-building opportunities, and they also assess students’ skill development each semester. A cohort of up to 25 students is employed each semester and most students work for an average of two semesters. Evaluation findings from mentor and mentee feedback surveys show, on average, 82% of mentees were able to accomplish career readiness skills “very well”; 70% of mentees reported that MMJOC “contributed greatly” to informing their career plans; and over 90% of mentors and mentees reported they were satisfied with the program experience. For institutions seeking to develop a mentorship-based career development program, MMJOC provides an adaptable framework for guiding students’ progress academically and providing students with the socio-emotional and career-building guidance that makes a difference in a student’s educational trajectory.

Mentoring to Advance Students’ Academic Success and Career Readiness

STEM education and careers are known for being inhospitable to people of color (e.g., McGee, 2020a, b), causing the most resilient scientists of color to begin to suffer from racial battle fatigue, chronic or acute physiological and psychological stress due to daily micro- and macro-aggressions (McGee & Stovall, 2015; McGee, 2020b). Given this traumatizing impact on scientists of color, McGee and Stovall (2015) call for the need to address mental health in STEM. They believe that Critical Race Theory (CRT), in particular, “provides an opportunity to understand and implement racially appropriate healing systems for black college students and other groups that are chronically underserved and understudied” [emphasis added] (McGee & Stovall, 2015, p. 508). 

 

Subsequently, in this hands-on, interactive workshop, we offer a way to “connect CRT [Critical Race Theory] as a theoretical construct to a livable, observable, teachable process of critical consciousness, knowing and doing” (CRiT walking - Hughes & Giles, 2010, p. 42). We do this through the enactment of a new methodology called Contemplative CRiT Collage (CCC) with the aim of moving marginalized students and professionals of color within STEM toward community- and self-mending. Like Ortiz (2018), we intentionally use mending rather than healing because mending recognizes that, though the wound is closed, or the direct effect has long since vanished, the bodymind is no longer the same. It has been forever changed by the hurt it has experienced. Thus, CCC’s objective is to mend the hurt within scientists of color to try to minimize traumatic retention and address institutionalized trauma (Menakem, 2017).  

 

CCC infuses visual arts-informed methods (i.e., photo elicitation and photovoice) with collage, contemplative practice, and CRT. Informed by contemplative methods (Chang, 2020), cultural intuition (Delgado Bernal, 1998), and women of color epistemologies (e.g., Cruz, 2001; Hurtado, 2003), CCC is a unique methodology that Dr. Torres-Gerald first began developing as a doctoral student looking for a way to document the stories of women of color in STEM while addressing the pain that she knew many of them were in, especially given her own journey as a female scientist of color with a disability (Torres, 2016). She has used portions of this methodology herself in examining her scholarly identity as a disabled Latina mother-scholar during COVID (Torres, 2021). As a trained scientist and mindfulness instructor, she also understands the value of adding meditation to reduce stress and improve telomere regulation, which is associated with aging (Conklin et al., 2019).  

 

This workshop will highlight the need for interventions that address racialized trauma and the use of CCC as a possible way to aid in the mending of students of color who encounter negative experiences in STEM. CCC is offered as a new approach to support their persistence in STEM through meditation and collage-making. Workshop attendees will engage in a four-part workshop: (1) learning about the CCC methodology; (2) engaging in a short meditation practice; (3) creating an individual and collective collage; and (4) participating in a large group discussion about their experience with this methodology and how it can be used in their respective STEM fields. It is our hope that attendees will take what they learn from this workshop and share or incorporate it at their institutions while understanding its challenges and risks. Attendees will leave this workshop with a new understanding of this innovative arts-informed method for data collection and strategies to support the persistence of students and professionals in STEM, especially those from marginalized backgrounds. They will be able to adapt CCC to campus programming that focuses on supporting marginalized students or professionals in STEM, such as STEM bridge and mentoring programs.

Mending the Path to Broader Participation in STEM Through Contemplative CRiT Collage

Fair Play is a free, downloadable exploration game in which the player takes on the perspective of Jamal Davis, a Black graduate student on his way to becoming a renowned professor. Fair Play spans five chapters during which players navigate through the challenges of graduate school including finding an advisor, writing publications, and much more. On the journey, players experience situations that exemplify different types of racial biases, both directly (from interpersonal interactions) and indirectly (from environmental factors). Based on environmental and conversational interactions, the player will decide how to respond to each bias and become more familiar with the names and definitions of bias as they attempt to correctly identify the different types encountered in the virtual academic setting. 
Fair Play highlights many obstacles that prevent minoritized individuals from excelling in STEMM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine) fields. To enhance the capabilities of this learning tool, two workshops were developed to complement the Fair Play game and to address the needs of different audiences. Both workshops are based on a tested workshop model (Carnes et al., 2015), use the experiential component of Fair Play, and have similar content and learning objectives.
•The Fair Play Workshop for STEMM Faculty and Staff increases awareness about different types of microaggressions and other racial biases. Additionally, the workshop provides evidence-based techniques for workshop participants to overcome these biases within themselves.

•The Fair Play Workshop for Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scientists provides participants with the knowledge and strategies to empower them to persist in their field of study. The first module of the workshop provides a brief outline of the history of race, an overview of implicit bias, and discusses the impacts of implicit bias in academia. The final module of the workshop explores strategies to empower the participants to persist in their field and discusses bias intervention strategies.

At the Understanding Interventions conference, participants will experience a full workshop in its entirety and will also be provided with an orientation to the open access resources available to implement one at their home institution.

Fair Play: Conversations about Racial Bias in STEMM

Introduction. Gender gaps persist in biomedical sciences. Men make up a greater proportion of the workforce (Plank-Bazinet et al., 2017) and report greater sense of belonging in the biomedical field compared to women (Gonzalez-Flores et al., 2023).  Men are also more likely to acquire independent research grants than women (Richter et al., 2020). Increasing grantsmanship self-efficacy (GSE) can positively impact funding acquisition, a key indicator of career success (Harwood et al., 2019). This study evaluates the personal and professional factors associated with sense of belonging and GSE, as well as the relationship between them among early-career researchers (ECRs), with the goal of informing interventions to reduce workforce disparities. 

Methods. This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data in a randomized trial examining two professional development models among non-binary and women ECRs with career development (K) awards. Before the professional development, ECRs completed a survey about their professional background, professional growth, and self-efficacy.
 
Outcomes of interest were sense of belonging and GSE. Sense of belonging in the scientific community was assessed with a 5-item validated tool (scale 1-5, agreement) (Estrada et al., 2011). GSE measured confidence in conceptualizing, designing, and acquiring funding for studies using a 19-item validated tool (scale 0-10, confidence) (Harwood et al., 2019). Linear regression models were used to examine factors associated with the two outcomes and to examine association between them. Adjusted models accounted for personal and professional factors, including race/ethnicity, disadvantaged background, disability status, years since first award (T, F, or K), receipt of clinical research-specific award (K08, K12, K23), and participation in national, regional, or institutional committees. Linear relationships were quantified with regression coefficients (denoted as beta). Based on primary analyses, post-hoc mediation analysis with bootstrapping was conducted to determine if belonging mediated the relationship between race/ethnicity (underrepresented vs not [non-Hispanic white or Asian]) and grantsmanship. 

Results. Almost all enrolled ECRs completed the baseline survey (n=97/98). About half of ECRs identified as non-Hispanic white (46%), 15% as non-Hispanic Black, 14% as Hispanic/Latinx, 16% as non-Hispanic Asian, and 8.2% as multiracial/other. A smaller proportion of ECRs reported having a disadvantaged background (26%) or disability (8%). ECRs most commonly had K01 awards (52%), then K23 (29%) and K08 (9.2%). 

Non-Hispanic Black ECRs reported higher sense of belonging to the community of biomedical researchers versus non-Hispanic white ECRs, as seen in unadjusted and adjusted models (unadjusted beta=0.36, p=0.02); adjusted beta=0.35, 95%CI 0.02–0.69, p=0.04). No other factors were significantly associated with sense of belonging.

Sense of belonging was significantly associated with GSE. For every 1-point increase in mean sense of belonging score, GSE scores increased by 0.84 points (p<0.001). This relationship held in adjusted models (beta=0.75, 95%CI 0.27–1.23, p=0.002). No other factors were significantly associated with GSE in unadjusted models. While race/ethnicity was not significantly associated with GSE in unadjusted or adjusted models, we found that belonging had a significant mediating effect on this relationship (average causal mediation effects beta=0.21, 95%CI 0.02–0.49, p=0.04).

Conclusions and Discussion. Among ECRs who identify as women and non-binary, higher sense of belonging is associated with greater GSE. Belonging also mediated the relationship between race/ethnicity and grantsmanship, suggesting nuanced differences in how sense of belonging influences GSE across racial groups. Interventions that promote inclusivity and foster sense of belonging among underrepresented biomedical researchers may positively influence career progression.

Relationship Between Sense of Belonging and Grantsmanship Self-Efficacy Among Early Career Biomedical Researchers

Exclusionary behaviors such as harassment, bullying, and microaggressions prevent participation in higher education and STEM. A National Academies report recommends the implementation of training to develop skills to interrupt and intervene in inappropriate behavior (NASEM, 2018). Evidence shows trainings that use a community approach, are tailored for relevance to specific audiences, are implemented with messenger integrity, and include social interaction have greater effectiveness (Clancy et al., 2020; NASEM, 2018; Rawski et al., 2023; and Kalinoski, et al. 2013).

The NSF ADVANCE funded ADVANCEGeo Partnership program is designed to empower scientists to transform workplace climate through enacting interventions at the individual and collective levels through behavior change education informed by intersectionality and ethics of care frameworks (Marin-Spiotta et al., 2022). One component is bystander intervention training designed to give members of the academic community the knowledge and tools to identify, prevent, and mitigate harm from discriminatory behavior that directly affects the retention of excluded groups in STEM. The ADVANCEGeo training includes evidence-based aspects contributing to participant satisfaction and long-term outcomes. Participants in the geoscience-focused bystander intervention training learn to address exclusionary behaviors using community approaches and the training is led by trained geoscience and STEM educators, offering interactive practice with real-world scenarios.

In this presentation we describe the ADVANCEGeo bystander intervention training program and present quantitative and qualitative evaluation data collected from 1283 participants of 81 workshops delivered between 2018-2022 and a 6-month follow-up survey with over 170 responses.

Responses to the anonymous post-workshop survey indicate the majority (98%) of respondents rated the quality of the workshop as excellent or good. The majority (90%) of participants reported that the scenarios used for bystander intervention practice are relevant or very relevant to experiences in their discipline. Almost all (93%) respondents indicated they intend to use the bystander intervention strategies presented in the workshop. Respondents report increases in knowledge about prevalence of harassment, how structures in research and academia influence harassment, and how professional societies, departments, institutions, and individuals can address exclusionary behaviors. Participant responses to open-ended items explain facilitator(s) use approaches that encourage participation and respectful conversation, and appreciation for interactions with peer geoscientists.
Six months after the training, the majority of survey respondents agreed or strongly agreed they still found the workshop useful (93%), were able to practice things learned in the workshop (88%), and have discussed the training with others (79%). Ninety three percent of 44 workshop participants that said they had encountered an opportunity to use bystander intervention agreed or strongly agreed the techniques learned in the workshop were applicable and useful for the situation, 89% agreed or strongly agreed they were able to successfully implement bystander intervention techniques learned in the workshop, and 89% agreed or strongly agreed they felt more confident implementing bystander intervention techniques because of the workshop. These respondents were asked if they experienced barriers to using bystander intervention techniques. Seventeen respondents provided open-ended descriptions of the barriers they encountered which align with four themes: power dynamics, concern about negative repercussions, lack of confidence/need more practice, and resistant offender.

In conclusion, bystander intervention training tailored to a geoscience audience has positive short and long-term outcomes. Additional practice and training can boost confidence and reduce barriers to intervention.

Bystander Intervention Training for Geoscientists: Short and Long-term Workshop Effectiveness

Introduction. Participation in structured research and mentorship programs may increase the likelihood that students plan to enroll in college and graduate school,(Eagan et al., 2013) and increase their confidence to pursue a career as a research scientist;(Seymour, Hunter, Laursen, & DeAntoni, 2004) thus providing a model to increase the number of individuals shown to be underrepresented in the biomedical sciences. However, students are unlikely to be exposed to biomedical research training at early educational levels. The UMB Research and Mentoring Program (RAMP) is a summer research training program that targets 11th and 12th grade high school students from West Baltimore. This 2-year program provides foundational information required to understand concepts across the translational research continuum while teaching the skills to perform basic lab techniques and clinical measurements (year 1) in order to prepare students for a mentored summer research experience (year 2). Importantly, RAMP fills a critical niche in our robust STEM training pipeline by connecting students from Baltimore City HS with UMB faculty and facilities to foster their progression to careers in the biomedical workforce. The purpose of this project is to describe an overview of the pilot project and relevant outcomes.
Methods. Our overall target recruitment area includes multiple neighborhoods across West Baltimore.  Applicants that meet the Youthworks eligibility criteria (valid workers permit; resides in Baltimore City) and are >16 years of age with an interest in healthcare or STEM will be invited to join the program. There is no minimum GPA requirement, but students must be on track to graduate high school. In year 1 (2023), scholars received 5 hours of daily instruction over 5 weeks in basic science lab and clinical research skills through an interdisciplinary team of UMB faculty and graduate and undergraduate student mentors recruited from undergraduate and graduate programs in the Baltimore area. Pre- and post-surveys assessed research interest and sense of belonging. Completion of the first year of the program serves as a “ramp” to the next step in year 2 (2024), a 5-week summer lab or research-based experience with UMB faculty members. Scholars were compensated both summers through partnership with Youthworks, an established workforce development program funded by Baltimore City.
Results. Of the 7 scholars who completed the pilot in year 1, average attendance was 87%, or 22 out of 25 total days. By the end of the first summer, 100% of scholars identified themselves as a student researcher  (29% pre-program), 86% believed they had skills to conduct research (0% pre-program) and 57% agreed that being a researcher was now part of their identity (29% pre-program). Also of importance, most scholars wanted to do research that helps their community (86%), and make a meaningful contribution to society through research (71%). In year 2, 4 of the 7 scholars were matched with UMB faculty to complete 5-week research internships.  Three scholars completed the full 5 week research internships in different labs focused on neuroscience (n=1) and immunology (n=2).  The main reason for attrition between year 1 and 2 was competing activities in the summer, including preparation for the transition to college (n=1) and employment opportunities outside of Youthworks (n=3). 
Conclusion and Discussion. This project demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a high school summer research program designed to provide a gradual introduction to research and academia in order to build students’ confidence and self-efficacy that they belong in an academic research environment (Butts et al., 2012; Piggott & Cariaga-Lo, 2019). Future studies are needed to determine the longitudinal impact on student matriculation to STEM undergraduate majors and undergraduate research experiences. 
Acknowledgments. This project was supported by a NIGMS Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA, R25GM129875) and supplements (3R25GM129875-04S1; 3R25GM129875-05S1); NIH NIA SEPA  R25AG090804; the University of Maryland SOM, Office of Student Research, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehab Science, and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Building a 'RAMP' to Research for Baltimore City High School Students: Pilot Results from a 2-year Summer Research Training And Mentoring Program

Introduction. Disparities persist in Chicago as disinvested neighborhoods with predominantly Black or Hispanic/Latinx populations experience structural inequities resulting in poorer educational (Sander & Testa, 2010) and health outcomes (Chicago Department of Public Health, 2020). Engaging youth in STEM education and community programming can inform sustainable and effective solutions for addressing disparities in their communities as well as contribute to their personal development (Interagency Working Group on Youth Programs). The Advancing Community Health and Individual leadership through a noVel Educational (ACHIEVE) program trained high school students from Chicago’s South Side and undergraduate students (scholars) to become agents of change in their communities through research (Kowalczyk et al., 2024). 

Methods. Between 2020 and 2022, the ACHIEVE program engaged cohorts of scholars in classroom-based learning and community projects focused on health and education disparities. Scholars participated in seminars and workshops to learn of local disparities (e.g., childhood chronic diseases, physical education, nutrition, food security) and to develop research and leadership skills (e.g., project management, communication, research methods). ACHIEVE scholars applied their knowledge and skills to address local disparities by partnering with community organizations on projects that advanced the organization’s mission. 

To evaluate impact, pre- and post-program surveys were administered to scholars to assess knowledge about disparities, skills, and self-efficacy in impacting their communities. Both surveys contained 24 questions with 5-point Likert scale as well as open-response questions to learn of their experience in the program and plans after the program. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted on the primary data.

Results. Across four cohorts (March 2020; September 2020-May 2021; September-November 2021; March-May 2022), 85 students participated in the ACHIEVE program (n=45 high school students, n=40 undergraduate students). The majority were female (66.7%, n = 40/60). Nearly all high school students were Black, while race/ethnicity varied among undergraduate students. 

Scholars supported 19 community-based projects across eight organizations that increased awareness of local issues and resources and evaluated programs. Project topics included vaccination awareness, racial practices in lung measurement, secondhand exposure to marijuana, social emotional learning, and community gardens. 

The pre-program survey was completed by 57 scholars, and the post-program survey was completed by 36 scholars. Majority of scholars indicated increased knowledge of health and education issues (91.4%), how different aspects of community influence health (91.4%), and how to collect information about health issues in their community (94.3%)). Scholars described greater confidence in conducting a literature search (80%), engaging community leaders (97.1%), and confidence in communicating their research (77.1%) after the ACHIEVE program. Scholars also expressed interest in sustained community engagement.

Conclusions and Discussion. The ACHIEVE program had positive impacts on scholars’ development through classroom-based learning and hands-on experiences in addressing local disparities. The program also empowered scholars to engage with and support communities. Such experiences may influence youth’s education and career aspirations in science and health related fields as well as avenues to impact local disparities.

Empowering Chicago Youth to Impact Local Health and Education Disparities

Introduction. The American Indian Science and Engineering Society Lighting the Pathway to Faculty Careers (AISES LTP) has a proven success record, with 93.48% (N=182) of participants persisting in career trajectories toward STEM faculty careers. However, the program is resource-intensive, which limits the number of program participants. We aimed to understand the potential to scale up the AISES LTP program by sharing online methods of communication and support for additional Indigenous scholars. 
We utilized the Tripartite Integration Model of Social Influence (TIMSI), which has shown that efficacy (confidence to perform STEM-related tasks), identity (seeing oneself as a part of a STEM community), and values (endorsement of a STEM community’s core values) predict STEM persistence among historically underrepresented scholars (Estrada et al., 2011; Estrada et al., 2018). We measured learners’ harmony of STEM-Indigenous identities to test the hypothesis that Indigenous scholars benefit from finding harmony between one’s STEM identity and one’s Indigenous identity (Windchief & Brown, 2017), as opposed to acculturating and abandoning Indigenous identity. Previous research has found that professional-cultural heritage identity harmony was critical for the well-being of Chinese Americans and people of color (Benet-Martinez & Haritatos 2005; Lee et al., 2021) 

Method. We build upon TIMSI to understand the effects of the AISES LTP intervention and the potential to scale up the program by conducting a longitudinal quasi-experimental study. Participants were 165 members of the AISES national organization who self-identified as Indigenous STEM scholars. The study had three groups. The first was the AISES LTP group (Full intervention group) which received a complete STEM professional development intervention program. Propensity score matching was used to identify 48 other scholars who were similar to the Full intervention groups. The group was randomly assigned to one of two groups, the Modified intervention group who received an online STEM professional development intervention program, or the No intervention group, which were a propensity score matched control group that did not receive intervention programming. 

Results. Using a One-Way ANOVA, we compared differences in identity harmony among the full intervention, modified intervention, and No intervention groups. We found group differences in identity harmony after 18-months of intervention (F (2,15) = 6.54, p=.002, eta-squared = .09) and 24-months of intervention (F(2,132 = 3.21, p=.04, eta-squared = .05). Post-hoc analysis using the Tukey test indicated the mean score for the full intervention group was significantly lower than the modified treatment group (M = -0.60, SE = 0.17 ) and the propensity score matched control group (M = -0.42, SE = 0.17) after 18-months,  but only significantly lower than the modified treatment group (M=0.44, SE=0.18 ) after 24th-months of intervention. 

Conclusion. The findings indicate significant differences in identity harmony between participants in the full AISES LTP intervention and those in the modified and control groups, particularly after 18 and 24 months. The full intervention group consistently showed lower scores in identity harmony compared to the modified group, suggesting that the in-person components of the AISES LTP program may lead to continued individual dissonance between professional and cultural identities. These results highlight the need to further understand Indigenous STEM program components and their impact on Indigenous STEM identity harmony. 

Acknowledgements. 
The research reported in this study was supported by NIH grants 3R01GM138700-01S1 and #K99GM151640.

Fostering Indigenous STEM Identity Harmony through Online and In-Person Interventions

Research training is a fundamental component in preparing undergraduates to gain essential research skills and receive mentoring in undergraduate research.  Undergraduate research experiences (UREs) generally exist in two modalities: the independent or mentored UREs  (Lopatto, 2010) and Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) (Auchincloss et al., 2014). Though mentored UREs are effective methods to engage undergraduates in research and faculty agree that undergraduate research mentoring is important, many faculty face challenges finding the time, space, and other resources to provide quality mentored undergraduate research experiences, especially to diverse student populations (Pierszalowski et al., 2021). 
One solution to this bottleneck has been the implementation of CUREs. However, most CUREs have been developed for upper-level students, neglecting the fact that the earlier the URE, the more impactful it can be for the students (Bowman & Holmes, 2018).  At the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), the Freshman Year Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) (Echegoyen et al., 2024) was developed to address this critical need and improve student retention by providing research training and experiences to acquaint students with biomedical research and create a pathway towards mentored UREs. FYRIS adopts a course-based approach, integrating research foundations with research-intensive courses. In particular, FYRIS consists of one general research foundations course (RFC) and a sequence of two research driven courses (RDCs) from participating departments. 
The long-term impact of programs that use the FYRIS model remains understudied. In this presentation, we describe the FYRIS program and student experience in the course sequence. We will also present compelling longitudinal findings that underscore the positive influence of FYRIS and subsequent mentored research experiences on 4-year retention and graduation rates. Our findings describe the effect of FYRIS participation using a quasi-experimental design to compare students who completed a full-FYRIS sequence (one RFC and a sequence of two RDCs), students who completed a partial FYRIS sequence (one or more of the designated courses, but not the full sequence), and those who took regular, non-FYRIS courses. Using this design, we present compelling longitudinal findings that underscore the efficacy of the FYRIS and research mentoring on major academic outcomes. Remarkably, FYRIS impacts often surpass historical socioeconomic, demographic, and educational factors, such as high school percentile, gender, and community college transfer status.

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