Italy


Deep clustering aims to cluster unlabeled real-world samples by mining deep feature representation. Most of existing methods remain challenging when handling high-dimensional data and simultaneously exploring the complementarity of deep
feature representation and clustering. In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Variational Attention Encoder-decoder for Clustering (DVAEC). Our DVAEC improves the representation learning ability by fusing variational attention. Specifically, we design a feature-aware automatic clustering module to mitigate the
unreliability of similarity calculation and guide network learning. Besides, to further boost the performance of deep clustering from a global perspective, we define a joint optimization objective to promote feature representation learning and automatic clustering synergistically. Extensive experimental results show the promising
performance achieved by our DVAEC on six datasets comparing with several popular baseline clustering methods.

ICPR 2020

Feature-aware unsupervised learning with joint variational attention and automatic clustering

pattern recognition

clustering

deep learning

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


poster


Motivated by the following two observations: 1)
people are aging differently under different conditions for
changeable facial attributes, e.g., skin color may become darker
when working outside, and 2) it needs to keep some unchanged
facial attributes during the aging process, e.g., race and gender,
we propose a controllable face aging method via attribute
disentanglement generative adversarial network. To offer fine
control over the synthesized face images, first, an individual
embedding of the face is directly learned from an image that
contains the desired facial attribute. Second, since the image may
contain other unwanted attributes, an attribute disentanglement
network is used to separate the individual embedding and learn
the common embedding that contains information about the
face attribute (e.g., race). With the common embedding, we can
manipulate the generated face image with the desired attribute
in an explicit manner. Experimental results on two common
benchmarks demonstrate that our proposed generator achieves
comparable performance on the aging effect with state-of-theart baselines while gaining more flexibility for attribute control.

Controllable Face Aging

In this paper, we propose a novel network training mechanism called ”dynamic channel propagation” to prune the neural networks during the training period. In particular, we pick up a specific group of channels in each convolutional layer to participate in the forward propagation in training time according to the significance level of channel, which is defined as channel utility. The utility values with respect to all selected channels are updated simultaneously with the error back-propagation process and will adaptively change. Furthermore, when the training ends, channels with high utility values are retained whereas those with low utility values are discarded. Hence, our proposed scheme trains and prunes neural networks simultaneously. We empirically evaluate our novel training scheme on various representative benchmark datasets and advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, including VGGNet and ResNet. The experiment results verify the superior performance and robust effectiveness of our approach.

Learning to Prune in Training via Dynamic Channel Propagation


In the relationship extraction task of NLP, how to effective use of the rich structural information on the dependency tree is a challenging research problem. To better learn the dependency relationship between nodes, we address the relationship extraction task by capturing rich contextual dependencies based on the attention mechanism, and using distributional reinforcement learning to generate optimal relation information representation. Unlike using an attention mechanism to effectively make use of relevant information, we propose a Dual Attention Graph Convolutional Network (DAGCN) to adaptively integrate local features with their global dependencies. Specifically, we append two types of attention modules on top of GCN, which model the semantic interdependencies in spatial and relational dimensions respectively. The position attention module selectively aggregates the feature at each position by a weighted sum of the features at all positions of nodes internal features. Similar features would be related to each other regardless of their distances. Meanwhile, the relation attention module selectively emphasizes interdependent node relations by integrating associated features among all nodes. We sum the outputs of the two attention modules and use reinforcement learning to predict the classification of nodes relationship to further improve feature representation which contributes to more precise extraction results. The results on the TACRED and SemEval datasets show that the model can obtain more useful information for relational extraction tasks, and achieve better performances on various evaluation indexes.

Adaptive Graph Convolutional Networks with Attention Mechanism for Relation Extraction

In order to improve the performance of two-stage object detection and consider the importance of scene and semantic information for visual recognition, the neural network of object detection algorithm is studied and analyzed in this paper. The main research work of this paper includes: A scene level region proposal self-attention object detection model based on depth separable convolution is proposed. In order to obtain stronger semantic information and context information of the target scene, the scene-level region proposal self-attention module is reconstructed based on the process of region proposal recognition. The feature map of the output feature pyramid network is sent into three parallel branches: semantic segmentation module, candidate area network module and region proposal self-attention module. At the same time, for the overall performance of the model, a deep separable convolutional network module is constructed on the backbone network, which includes six stages. In the fifth to sixth stage of the network, the separable convolutional network module is integrated respectively. Finally, a object detection method based on border regression network enhancement is proposed to achieve accurate target location. In order to verify the effectiveness of each model, the experimental results of each model are analyzed.

Object Detection Model Based on Scene-Level Region Proposal Self-Attention


With the increasing health concerns on diet, it’s worthwhile to develop an intelligent assistant that can help users eat healthier. Such assistants can automatically give personal advice for the users’ diet and generate health reports about eating on a regular basis. To boost the research on such diet assistant, we establish a real-world foodlog database using various methods such as filter, cluster and graph convolutional network. This database is built based on real-world lifelog and medical data, which is named as Real-World Multimodal Foodlog (RWMF). It contains 7500 multimodal pairs, and each pair consists of a food image paired with a line of personal biometrics data (such as Blood Glucose) and a textual food description of food composition paired with a line of food nutrition data. In this paper, we present the detailed procedures for setting up the database. We evaluate the performance of RWMF using different food classification and cross-modal retrieval approaches. We also test the performance of multimodal fusion on RWMF through ablation experiments. The experimental results show that the RWMF database is quite challenging and can be widely used to evaluate the performance of food analysis methods based on multimodal data.

RWMF: A Real-World Multimodal Foodlog Database

In many applications we want to find the number of clusters in a dataset. A common approach is to use a penalized k-means algorithm with an additive penalty term linear in the number of clusters. Obviously, the number of discovered clusters depends critically on the value of the coefficient of the penalty term, and an open problem is estimating the value of the coefficient in a principled manner. In this paper, we derive rigorous bounds for the coefficient of the additive penalty in k-means for ideal clusters. Although in practice clusters typically deviate from the ideal assumption, the ideal case serves as a useful guideline. Furthermore, we investigate
k-means with multiplicative penalty, which generally produces a more reliable signature, compared to additive penalty, for the correct number of clusters in cases where the ideal cluster assumption holds. We also empirically investigate certain types of deviations from ideal cluster assumption. In such cases both types of penalties may suggest multiple, ambiguous solutions. We present a consensus-based approach to resolving these ambiguous solutions by combining the results of additive and multiplicative penalties.

Penalized K-Means Algorithms for Finding the Number of Clusters

High-order statistics have been proven useful in the framework of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for a variety of computer vision tasks. 
In this paper, we propose to exploit high-order statistics in the framework of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) for skeleton-based hand gesture recognition. 
Our method is based on the Statistical Recurrent Units (SRU), an un-gated architecture that has been introduced as an alternative model for Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU). 
The SRU captures sequential information by generating recurrent statistics 
that depend on a context of previously seen data and by computing moving averages at different scales. The integration of high-order statistics in the SRU significantly improves the performance of the original one, resulting in a model that is competitive to state-of-the-art methods on the Dynamic Hand Gesture (DHG) dataset,and outperforms them on the First-Person Hand Action (FPHA) dataset.

Learning Recurrent High-order Statistics
for Skeleton-based Hand Gesture Recognition

The ability to detect objects in cultural sites from the egocentric point of view of the user can enable interesting applications for both the visitors and the manager of the site. Unfortunately, current object detection algorithms have to be trained on large amounts of labeled data, the collection of which is costly and time-consuming. While synthetic data generated from the 3D model of the cultural site can be used to train object detection algorithms, a significant drop in performance is generally observed when such algorithms are deployed to work with real images. In this paper, we consider the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation for object detection in cultural sites. Specifically, we assume the availability of synthetic labeled images and real unlabeled images for training. To study the problem, we propose a dataset containing 75244 synthetic and 2190 real images with annotations for 16 different artworks. We hence investigate different domain adaptation techniques based on image-to-image translation and feature alignment. Our analysis points out that such techniques can be useful to address the domain adaptation issue, while there is still plenty of space for improvement on the proposed dataset. We release the dataset at our web page to encourage research on this challenging topic:
https://iplab.dmi.unict.it/EGO-CH-OBJ-ADAPT/.

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation For Object Detection in Cultural Sites

We propose a novel evaluation metric for generating models. We leverage siamese architecture and train our discriminator on the real dataset. We define a loss function that takes advantage of the fact that the discriminator's target features should be close to each other when their input is from the same category.

On the Evaluation of Generative Adversarial Networks By Discriminative Models

We propose Fast Direction-Search-Based Subspace Clustering (Fast DiSC), a scalable and robust framework for large scale clustering that rests upon representations derived from projections on computed data-dependent directions. To advance scalability, a Direction Search in Data Partitions (DiSPart) procedure performs direction-search in small partitions of sampled data, followed by retrieval using Retrieval using Direction-based Projections (ReDiP) to cluster out-of-sample data using projections on the computed directions and the associated clustering. A theoretical study establishes the correctness of the direction-based clustering framework and that of direction-search in small partitions. In turn, Fast DiSC can provably realize substantial speedups while maintaining high accuracy.

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Feature-aware unsupervised learning with joint variational attention and automatic clustering

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