Italy


Image denoising is an essential part of many image processing and computer vision tasks due to inevitable noise corruption during image acquisition. Traditionally, many researchers have investigated image priors for the denoising, within the Bayesian perspective based on image properties and statistics. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great success in image denoising by incorporating large-scale synthetic datasets. However, they both have pros and cons. While the deep CNNs are powerful for removing the noise with known statistics, they tend to lack flexibility and practicality for the blind and real-world noise. Moreover, they cannot easily employ explicit priors. On the other hand, traditional non-learning methods can involve explicit image priors, but they require considerable computation time and cannot exploit large-scale external datasets. In this paper, we present a CNN-based method that leverages the advantages of both methods based on the Bayesian perspective. Concretely, we divide the blind image denoising problem into sub-problems and conquer each inference problem separately. As the CNN is a powerful tool for inference, our method is rooted in CNNs and propose a novel design of network for efficient inference. With our proposed method, we can successfully remove blind and real-world noise, with a moderate number of parameters of universal CNN.

ICPR 2020

Deep Universal Blind Image Denoising

map inference

image denoising

convolutional neural network

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


technical paper


This work introduces the one-shot learning paradigm in the computational bioacoustics domain. Even though, most of the related literature assumes availability of data characterizing the entire class dictionary of the problem at hand, that is rarely true as a habitat’s species composition is only known up to a certain extent. Thus, the problem needs to be addressed by methodologies able to cope with non-stationarity. To this end, we propose a framework able to detect changes in the class dictionary and incorporate new classes on the fly. We design an one-shot learning architecture composed of a Siamese Neural Network operating in the logMel spectrogram space. We extensively examine the proposed approach on two datasets of various bird species using suitable figures of merit. Interestingly, such a learning scheme exhibits state of the art performance, while taking into account extreme non-stationarity cases.

One-shot learning for acoustic identification of bird species in non-stationary environments

Forecasting human actions and motion trajectories address the problem of predicting what a person is going to do next and how they will perform it. This is crucial in a wide range of applications, such as assisted living and future co-robotic settings. We propose to simultaneously learn actions and action-related human motion dynamics while existing works perform them independently. This paper presents a method to jointly forecast categories of human action and skeletal joint pose, allowing the two tasks to reinforce each other. As a result, our system can predict future actions and the motion trajectories that will result. To achieve this, we define a task of joint action classification and pose regression. We employ a sequence to sequence encoder-decoder model combined with multi-task learning to forecast future actions and poses progressively before the action happens. Experimental results on two public datasets, IkeaDB and OAD, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

What and How? Jointly Forecasting Human Action and Pose


Scene text recognition has become a hot topic in recent years due to its booming real-life applications. Attention-based encoder-decoder framework has become one of the most popular frameworks especially in the irregular text scenario. However, the “attention drift” problem hinders the recognition performance for most existing attention-based scene text recognition methods. To solve this problem, we propose an auxiliary supervision branch along with the attention-based encoder-decoder framework. A new loss function is designed to refine the feature map and to help the attention region align the target character area. Compared with existing attention rectification mechanisms, our method does not require character-level annotations or introduce any additional trainable parameter. Furthermore, our method can improve the performance for both RNN-Attention and Scaled Dot-Product Attention. The experiment results on various benchmarks have demonstrated that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both regular and irregular text recognition scenarios.

Weakly Supervised Attention Rectification for Scene Text Recognition


Focusing on handwritten digit string recognition (HDSR), we propose an anchor-free object detector called ChipNet, where a novel encoding method is designed. The input image is divided into columns, and then these columns are encoded by the ground truth. The adjacent columns are responsible for detecting the same target so that it can well address the class-imbalanced problem meanwhile reducing the network computation. ChipNet is composed of convolutional and bidirectional long short term memory networks. Different from the typical detectors, it doesn't use region proposals, anchors or regions of interest pooling. Hence, it can overcome the shortages of anchor-based and dense detectors in HDSR. The experiments are implemented on the synthetic digit strings, the CVL HDS database, and the ORAND-CAR-A & B databases. The high accuracies, which surpass the reported results by a large margin (up to 6.62%), are achieved. Furthermore, it gets 219 FPS speed on 160*32 px resolution images when using a Tesla P100 GPU. The results also show that ChipNet can handle touching, connecting and arbitrary length digit strings, and the obtained accuracies in HDSR are as high as the ones in single handwritten digit recognition.

A Fast and Accurate Object Detector for Handwritten Digit String Recognition

Feature Pyramid Network(FPN) employs a top-down path to enhance low level feature by utilizing high level feature. However, further improvement of detector is greatly hindered by the inner defect of FPN. The dilution issue in FPN is analyzed in this paper, and a new architecture named Semantic Feature Pyramid Network(SFPN) is introduced to address the information imbalance problem caused by information dilution. The proposed method consists of two simple and effective components: Semantic Pyramid Module(SPM) and Semantic Feature Fusion Module(SFFM). To compensate for the weaknesses of FPN, the semantic segmentation result is utilized as an extra information source in our architecture.
By constructing a semantic pyramid based on the segmentation result and fusing it with FPN, feature maps at each level can obtain the necessary information without suffering from the dilution issue. The proposed architecture could be applied on many detectors, and non-negligible improvement could be achieved. Although this method is designed for object detection, other tasks such as instance segmentation can also largely benefit from it. The proposed method brings Faster R-CNN and Mask R-CNN with ResNet-50 as backbone both 1.8 AP improvements respectively.
Furthermore, SFPN improves Cascade R-CNN with backbone ResNet-101 from 42.4 AP to 43.5 AP.

SFPN: Semantic Feature Pyramid Network for Object Detection

Adversarial adaptation models have demonstrated significant progress towards transferring knowledge from a labeled source dataset to an unlabeled target dataset. Partial domain adaptation (PDA) investigates the scenarios in which the source domain is large and diverse, and the target label space is a subset of the source label space. The main purpose of PDA is to identify the shared classes between the domains and promote learning transferable knowledge from these classes. In this paper, we propose a multi-class adversarial architecture for PDA. The proposed approach jointly aligns the marginal and class-conditional distributions in the shared label space by minimaxing a novel multi-class adversarial loss function. Furthermore, we incorporate effective regularization terms to encourage selecting the most relevant subset of source domain classes. In the absence of target labels, the proposed approach is able to effectively learn domain-invariant feature representations, which in turn can enhance the classification performance in the target domain. Comprehensive experiments on three benchmark datasets Office-31, Office-Home, and Caltech-Office corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in addressing different partial transfer learning tasks.

Class Conditional Alignment for Partial Domain Adaptation

In our speech, we present a novel easily reproducible technique to attack the best public Face ID system ArcFace in different shooting conditions. To create an attack, we print the rectangular paper sticker on a common color printer and put it on a hat. The adversarial sticker is prepared with a novel algorithm for off-plane transformations of the image which imitates sticker location on the hat. Such an approach confuses the state-of-the-art public Face ID model and is transferable to other Face ID models.

AdvHat: Real-World Adversarial Attack on ArcFace Face ID System

In this paper, we present our Pyramid Pooling Module (PPM) with SE1Cblock and D2SUpsample Network (PSDNet), a novel architecture for accurate semantic segmentation. Started from the known work called Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (PSPNet), PSDNet takes advantage of pyramid pooling structure with channel attention module and feature transformation module in Pyramid Pooling Module (PPM). The enhanced PPM with these two components can strengthen context information flowing in the network instead of damaging it. The channel attention module we mentioned is an improved “Squeeze and Excitation with 1D Convolution” (SE1C) block which can explicitly model interrelationship between channels with fewer number of parameters. We propose a feature transformation module named “Depth to Space Upsampling” (D2SUpsample) in the PPM which keeps integrity of features by transforming features instead of interpolating features, at the same time reducing parameters. In addition, we introduce a joint strategy in SE1Cblock which combines two variants of global pooling without increasing parameters. Compared with PSPNet, our work achieves higher accuracy on public datasets with 73.97% mIoU and 82.89% mAcc accuracy on Cityscapes Dataset based on ResNet50 backbone.

PSDNet: A Balanced Architecture of Accuracy and Parameters for Semantic Segmentation


Deep learning has thrived by training on large-scale datasets. However, in many applications, as for medical image diagnosis, getting massive amount of data is still prohibitive due to privacy, lack of acquisition homogeneity and annotation cost. In this scenario, transfer learning from natural image collections is a standard practice that attempts to tackle shape, texture and color discrepancies all at once through pretrained model fine-tuning. We propose a dedicated network module that focuses on color adaptation, thus pre-processing the input into a form (RGB) that is closer to the domain the classification backbone was trained on. We combine learning from scratch of the color module with transfer learning of different classification backbones, obtaining an end-to-end, easy-to-train architecture for diagnostic image recognition on X-ray images. Extensive experiments showed how our approach is particularly efficient in case of data scarcity and provides a new path for further transferring the learned color information across multiple medical datasets. 


Bridging the gap between Natural and Medical Images through Deep Colorization


Though deep learning based scene text detection has achieved great progress, well-trained detectors suffer from severe performance degradation for different domains. In general, a tremendous amount of data is indispensable to train the detector in the target domain. However, data collection and annotation are expensive and time-consuming. To address this problem, we propose a self-training framework to automatically mine hard examples with pseudo-labels from unannotated videos or images. To reduce the noise of hard examples, a novel text mining module is implemented based on the fusion of detection and tracking results. Then, an image-to-video generation method is designed for the tasks that videos are unavailable and only images can be used. Experimental results on standard benchmarks, including ICDAR2015, MSRA-TD500, ICDAR2017 MLT, demonstrate the effectiveness of our self-training method. The simple Mask RCNN adapted with self-training and fine-tuned on real data can achieve comparable or even superior results with the state-of-the-art methods.

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Deep Universal Blind Image Denoising

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