United States

Walking trail&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;is &amp;nbsp;geographically localised around&amp;nbsp;kindergarten. Different phenomena&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;are used as&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;trigger for education. The&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;designed &amp;nbsp;walk trail is a practical endorsement, where the students will use fieldwork skills, to identify &amp;nbsp;physical phenomena&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;through&amp;nbsp;the built environment.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;They view physical phenomena with&amp;nbsp;a holistic approach, improving their ecological consciousness. We attempted to follow research steps, &amp;nbsp;set forth by inquiry-based learning :&amp;nbsp;a) trigger for interest, b) reminder of basic knowledge/formulation of hypotheses, c) experimentation/trials, d) formulation of conclusions, e) applications/generalization according to learning. &amp;nbsp;

AAPT WM 21

Teaching to The Child Attending Infant School, Following Walk Trail

physics on the road

early childhood education

cycle of water

## Dr. Nishikant (Nish) Sonwalkar: Academician, Scientist, Musician

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/0f9b63a0b3deba4a355d98e2c87af68a.png)

Dr. Sonwalkar is regarded as a leading expert in the application of computers in education. He has extensive research and development experience in hypermedia authoring, mobile learning, adaptive learning, and brain-based synaptic learning, advanced scientific visualization, database management systems, and computer simulation.

After receiving doctoral degree from MIT in the area of Molecular Dynamics of Nano-interfaces, he joined MIT as faculty in Mechanical Engineering, but his passion for technology enabled education led him become the founding director of Hypermedia Teaching Facility (Hypermedia Lab) at MIT and later he was appointed as the Principal Educational Architect of MIT.

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NISH 2021

Walking trail&nbsp;&nbsp;is &nbsp;geographically localised around&nbsp;kindergarten. Different phenomena&nbsp;&nbsp;are used as&nbsp;&nbsp;trigger for education. The&nbsp;&nbsp;designed &nbsp;walk trail is a practical endorsement, where the students will use fieldwork skills, to identify &nbsp;physical phenomena&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;through&nbsp;the built environment.&nbsp;&nbsp;They view physical phenomena with&nbsp;a holistic approach, improving their ecological consciousness. We attempted to follow research steps, &nbsp;set forth by inquiry-based learning :&nbsp;a) trigger for interest, b) reminder of basic knowledge/formulation of hypotheses, c) experimentation/trials, d) formulation of conclusions, e) applications/generalization according to learning. &nbsp;

technical paper

AAPT® is a strong professional physics science society dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in physical science education.

Winter and Summer National Meetings:
These National Meetings, held each winter and summer, are opportunities for members, colleagues, and future physicists from around the world to:

- participate in physics workshops
- meet and greet other physics educators
- form networks nationally and locally
- engage exhibitors and learn about the latest physics resources
- discuss innovations in teaching methods
- share the results of research about teaching and learning.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has upended how every educational organization operates.&nbsp; Outreach programs are hit especially hard, considering the potential for child-to-child virus transmission via hands-on equipment and community spread through traveling from one location to another.&nbsp; The Physics Factory (www.physicsbus.org)&nbsp;has been examining a variety of operational changes so that we can continue inspiring children with the excitement of science without endangering their health or their families. These changes will be implemented in our newly-acquired 8th Physics Bus, which will be serving Gainesville FL and surrounding communities.&nbsp; During our session we will welcome participants aboard and let you explore freely from the safety of your own home.

Mobile Physics Outreach during a Global Pandemic

We will discuss our unique approach to teaching physics in the age of COVID.&nbsp; We set up alternate tracks for our calculus-based physics course that allowed for active&nbsp;learning, introduction to scientific&nbsp;computing, and provided flexibility&nbsp;for students to attend in person classes or online classes when appropriate.&nbsp; The two tracks were outside physics in person literally on the university softball field and asynchronous online.&nbsp; We will share details of the approach as well as lessons learned.

Physics Class and Lab on the Softball Field

Lecture demonstrations are frequently noted on teaching evaluations as being an engaging part of lecture.&nbsp; However, the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) post-test indicates student retention of demonstration concepts is poor.&nbsp; Furthermore, lecture demonstrations require a significant amount of instructor preparation and time in lecture.&nbsp; Because of these issues, and limited class time in Fall 2020 due to COVID, an introductory physics class moved a portion of lecture demonstrations to independent student activities completed outside of class.&nbsp; It was hoped that students independently performing the demonstrations would increase retention of concepts. The instructor and TA’s made a “Physics Box” of supplies for lecture demonstrations, paid for by lab fees. &nbsp; Students report enjoying doing the demonstrations themselves and using the equipment in the Physics Box creatively while working quantitative problems. Nonetheless, they also reported uncertainty in their results and a desire to discuss them in class.&nbsp;

Bringing Physics Lecture Demonstrations Closer to Home

This talk will illustrate how to access several of state-of-the-art ephemerides describing the motions of the Sun, all planets and moons, and many asteroids based on fits to essentially all extant data. MATLAB scripts are illustrated which permit detailed studies such as of the impact of any planet on Earth’s motion. We address the question: Does the Earth orbit the Sun or the solar system barycenter?

Explorations of Ephemerides by First Year Physics and Astronomy Students

A simple radio telescope, built by high school teachers through an NSF-funded summer program, was used over the course of a year to measure the speed of the Earth around the Sun.&nbsp; The telescope is designed to measure the spectral signature&nbsp;of neutral hydrogen, which is pervasive in the Milky Way Galaxy. By pointing the telescope at the center of the galaxy, meant as a fixed reference point outside the Solar System, the doppler-shifted spectra taken over the course of a year was used to the measure the Earth's speed.&nbsp;&nbsp; The construction of the radio telescope, and the physics behind the experiment is well within the grasp of high school and college physics courses. The website with the radio telescope build instructions and associated&nbsp;curricula with be discussed in the presentation.

Measuring the Speed of the Earth around the Sun

A lab activity for teaching&nbsp;statistical analysis and the scientific process&nbsp;is described. This activity involves students timing sound clips of pulsars. To select the most precise timing methods and to calibrate their measurements to account for bias, students first time pulsars of known periods. Students then turn their attention to timing an unknown pulsar. Using an online database, students search for pulsars of periods within a statistically-determined range. This activity arises from the need for students to leverage the power of statistics to (1) optimize lab procedures through data-driven decision-making, (2) correct for bias through calibration, and (3) gauge the quality of their work in terms of confidence rather than correctness. This three-step process aligns lab procedures closer to industry practices and elevates cognition/engagement. This lab activity is also easily disseminated online, making it ideal for those institutions unable to meet face-to-face during the&nbsp;pandemic.

Timing Pulsars: Exercise in Statistical Analysis and the Scientific Process

An open call on our campus to physics majors yielded seven students with varied backgrounds in astronomy and no experience with research. This qualitative case study provided insights into the challenges and successes of each group as they participated in the thirteen-week short course on RV Tauri variables created by Michael Fitzgerald. Student teams met weekly to collaborate with one another, the local mentor (author), and Dr. Fitzgerald. Observations in B, V, i, and z wavebands were collected via remote telescope network over a two week period and analyzed using Python. Student teams determined the period of variablility and estimated the distance using empirically-derived period-luminosity relationships. Throughout the process students wrestled with the nature of science and scientific inquiry, generating several questions. Students initially struggled to appreciate the significance of the results, likely a consequence of myopic focus on calculation. Implications for mentoring teams in astronomy research are presented. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Mentoring Undergraduates Teams in Variable Star Research

Tests of scientific reasoning have been around since the 1970’s, including the well-known two-tiered Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (CTSR) by Lawson. However, some of the questions asked on CTSR are specific to benchtop science experiments, and modern psychometric tools had not been invented to thoroughly test the test. Starting from a large pool of test items, the 20 item MSU Formal Reasoning Test (FORT) was iteratively developed. This one tier test covers the following concepts: control of variables, hypothesis testing, correlational reasoning, proportional reasoning, and probability. The final version of the FORT was given to 240 students, and item response theory (IRT) analysis was performed on each question, using a 3-P model.&nbsp; In this talk, I will discuss several questions on the FORT and their associated IRT curves. Additionally, I will share results of the FORT for samples of physics and astronomy students.&nbsp;

Testing Formal Reasoning Skills: An Updated Approach

This study investigated the effects of introducing computational activities to a general education astronomy course taught using active learning techniques. Computation is an important active learning tool for developing understanding of concepts, connecting concepts with formulae, and associating science with prediction. Spreadsheet based computational exercises were tied to lecture-tutorials, think-pair-share activities, and group worksheets. These exercises were completed in a collaborative environment. The results of this curriculum modification are discussed, along with reflections on the factors leading to the introduction of computational activities, factors that supported the change, and barriers faced while implementing this change. These findings are compared with results from other case studies of instructional change and theories of adoption. Student learning pre to post was measured with the TOAST and LPCI, and qualitative data was collected in the form of student surveys to investigate student learning, attitudes toward computational exercises, and overall perceptions of the course.

Introduction of Computational Activities to a General Education Astronomy Course

Students’ sense of belonging in science has been identified as a predictor for students’ motivation, self-efficacy, and persistence in the field—especially for historically underrepresented students. In this research, we explore the various contributors and potential barriers to students’ sense of belonging as it applies to an introductory general education astronomy labs. We collected a number of attitudinal surveys from lab students spanning between Spring 2018 to Spring 2020. Through the use of iterative thematic coding, we have developed a set of themes based on student-reported contributors and barriers to their sense of belonging in a scientific environment. This study is being conducted at San Francisco State University; a Hispanic-serving institution and one of the most diverse large universities in the country. Through this research, we hope to give further voice to a population of students that may not yet be well represented in the current literature.

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