Introduction by workshop organizers

Welcome message and opening speech by a rep of NSF

**Invited talk 1:** Resource-Efficient Quantum Computing by Breaking Abstractions
 **Speaker:** Fred Chong, University of Chicago
 
 **Abstract:** Quantum computing is at an inflection point, where 127-qubit machines are deployed, and 1000-qubit machines are perhaps only a few years away. These machines have the potential to fundamentally change our concept of what is computable and demonstrate practical applications in areas such as quantum chemistry, optimization, and quantum simulation.
Yet a significant resource gap remains between practical quantum algorithms and real machines. A promising approach to closing this gap is to design software that is aware of the key physical properties of emerging quantum technologies. I will illustrate this approach with some of our recent work that focuses on techniques that break traditional abstractions and inform hardware design, including compiling programs directly to analog control pulses, computing with ternary quantum bits, 2.5D architectures for surface codes, and exploiting long-distance communication and tolerating atom loss in neutral-atom machines.
 
 **Bio:** Fred Chong is the Seymour Goodman Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Chicago and the Chief Scientist for Quantum Software at ColdQuanta. He is also Lead Principal Investigator for the EPiQC Project (Enabling Practical-scale Quantum Computing), an NSF Expedition in Computing. Chong is a member of the National Quantum Advisory Committee (NQIAC) which provides advice to the President and Secretary of Energy on the National Quantum Initiative Program. In 2020, he co-founded Super.tech, a quantum software company, which was acquired by ColdQuanta in 2022. Chong received his Ph.D. from MIT in 1996 and was a faculty member and Chancellor's fellow at UC Davis from 1997-2005. He was also a Professor of Computer Science, Director of Computer Engineering, and Director of the Greenscale Center for Energy-Efficient Computing at UCSB from 2005-2015. He is a recipient of the NSF CAREER award, the Intel Outstanding Researcher Award, and 13 best paper awards.
 
 **Invited talk 2:** Quantum processors based on reconfigurable atom arrays
 **Speaker:** Mikhal Lukin, Harvard University
 
 **Abstract:** We will discuss the recent advances involving programmable, coherent manipulation of quantum systems based on neutral atom arrays excited into Rydberg states, allowing the control over several hundred qubits in two dimensions. Recent developments involving both analog and digital quantum simulations and quantum information processing will be described. In particular, the realization of novel quantum processing architecture based on dynamically reconfigurable entanglement and the steps towards quantum error correction will be discussed. Finally, we will discuss opportunities for optimizing these techniques towards realization of useful, large-scale quantum processors.
 
 **Bio:** Mikhail Lukin received the Ph.D. degree from Texas A&M University in 1998. He has been on a faculty of Harvard Physics Department since 2001, where he is currently George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics, and a co-Director of Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and of Harvard Quantum Initiative in Science and Engineering. His research interests include quantum optics, quantum control of atomic and nanoscale solid-state systems, quantum metrology, nanophotonics, and quantum information science. He has co-authored over 400 technical papers and has received a number of awards, including the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship, David and Lucile Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering, NSF Career Award, Adolph Lomb Medal of the Optical Society of America, AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize, APS I.I.Rabi Prize, Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship, Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics, Willis E. Lamb Award for Laser Science and Quantum Optics, Charles Hard Townes Medal, and the Norman F. Ramsey Prize. He is a fellow of the OSA, APS, and AAAS and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
 
 **Panel Discussion**
 **Panelists:** Alexandre Blais, Université de Sherbrooke, Shruti Puri, Yale University, Naomi Nickerson, PsiQuantum, Moinuddin K. Qureshi, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Jason Cong, UCLA
 
 **Moderator for the panel and talks:** Yufei Ding, University of California, Santa Barbara, and Yunong Shi, Amazon

Quantum Computer architecture design and optimization

**Speaker:** Sergey Bravyi , IBM
 
 **Abstract:** Quantum error mitigation is a versatile set of tools for improving reliability of quantum circuits executed on a noisy hardware. It supplements more traditional approaches to quantum fault-tolerance based on error correcting codes. In this talk I discuss ideas how to reduce the overhead of error correction and improve scalability of error mitigation by combining the two approaches. First, I show how to integrate error mitigation into the surface code architecture to implement logical T-gates. As a result, logical Clifford+T circuits with the number of T-gates inversely proportional to the physical error rate can be implemented on small error-corrected devices without magic state distillation. Second, I discuss error mitigation based on Coherent Pauli Checks (CPC). This method can be viewed as a form of entanglement-assisted quantum error correction. CPCs are well suited for mitigating errors in Clifford+SU(2) circuits dominated by Clifford gates. I describe a simple theoretical model behind CPCs and report experimental demonstrations with up to 10 logical qubits and more than 100 logical CNOT gates. 
 
 **Bio:** Dr. Sergey Bravyi received Ph.D. in physics from the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics (Moscow) in 2003. His thesis work performed under the supervision of Prof. Alexei Kitaev focused on the problem of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Sergey spent two years as a postdoctoral researcher at Caltech in the group of Prof. John Preskill working on topological quantum computing and various problems in quantum information theory. Sergey joined IBM Quantum Computing group in 2006. His research interests include quantum algorithms, quantum error correction, and computational complexity theory.
 
 **Invited talk 2:** What do we need for quantum advantage in finance? Error mitigation & fault-tolerance
 **Speaker:** Will Zeng, Goldman Sachs
 
 **Abstract:** This talk covers recent work estimating the resources needed for quantum advantage in several financial applications. These estimates indicate that error correction and mitigation will be critical. The second half of the talk reviews recent developments in error mitigation and tools for applying error mitigation such as the open source Mitiq compiler.
 
 **Bio:** Dr. William Zeng leads the quantum computing research group at Goldman Sachs and is founder and President of the Unitary Fund, a non-profit dedicated to developing quantum technology to benefit the most people. He received his PhD in quantum algorithms from Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar and a BSc. in Physics from Yale University.
 
 **Panel Discussion**
 **Panelists:** Bane Vasic, University of Arizona, Robert Calderbank, Duke University, Ted Yoder, IBM and Ciaran Ryan-Anderson, Honeywell
 
 **Moderator for the panel and talks:** Kenneth Brown, Duke University and Andrew W. Cross, IBM

Approaches to fault tolerance and error mitigation on near-term systems and beyond

**Invited talk 1:** Quantum algorithms for simulation using block encodings
 **Speaker:** Nathan Wiebe, University of Toronto
 
 **Abstract:** In recent years there has been a growing realization that simulation of physical systems is perhaps the killer application for quantum computers. Towards this end new techniques have been developed that aim to build a quantum simulation into a subspace of a larger quantum system. This block-encoding provides us with more flexibility than we would have with existing methods and allows quantum simulations to be performed at the limits of what physics permits for the speed of simulation. In this talk, I will discuss two recent results that use this formalism. The first uses block encodings to represent chemical dynamics within a larger unitary matrix allowing for sublinear scaling with the total number of electrons. The second approach shows that time itself can be block encoded in a quantum simulation allowing us to simulate the dynamics of time-dependent quantum systems as time-independent Hamiltonians. This will allow us to demonstrate the first truly optimal algorithm for simulating time dependent Hamiltonians (with linear time-dependence) and opens a path towards a broader understanding of how space and time dependence should be tackled within quantum simulations.
 
 **Bio:** Nathan Wiebe is an assistant professor at the university of Toronto who specializes in quantum algorithms. His work has pioneered quantum simulation, machine learning and spans a host of fields including metrology, quantum optimization and has led to new paradigms in quantum computing such as linear combinations of unitaries and the quantum singular value transformation.
 
 **Invited talk 2:** Azure Quantum and the road to scalable quantum computing
 **Speaker:** Martin Roetteler, Microsoft
 
 **Abstract:** We give an overview of Microsoft's Azure Quantum cloud platform https://aka.ms/aq/ that allows users to develop in several quantum programming languages--including Q#, Qiskit, and Cirq--and to target several backends from a rapidly expanding ecosystem of hardware and software partners. The talk highlights also the Quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR) alliance, a joint effort that today consists of Microsoft, NVIDIA, Oak Ridge National Labs, Quantinuum, Quantum Circuits Inc., and Rigetti. The growing QIR Alliance aims at increasing interoperability between platforms, building of state-of-the-art compiler tools, and leveraging the unique capabilities of quantum computing that are distinct from the classical model. 
 
 **Bio:** Martin Roetteler received a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, in 2001. From 2003-2004 he held a post-doc position at the Institute for Quantum Computing in Waterloo, Canada. From 2005-2013, he was with NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ, where he led NEC's Quantum IT group. In 2013, Martin joined the quantum computing team at Microsoft, where he is a Principal Research Manager.
 
 **Panel Discussion**
 **Panelists:** Eric Peterson, Amazon, Peter Selinger, Dalhousie, Davide Venturelli, NASA, and Nathan Wiebe, University of Toronto
 
 **Moderator for the panel and talks:** Robert Wille, Technical University of Munich, Germany, and Ali Javadi-Abhari, IBM

Design automation and software for quantum computing

**Invited talk 1:** Quantum annealing: Coherent and hybrid approaches to spin glasses
 **Speaker:** Andrew King , D-Wave
 
 **Abstract:** The invention of programmable quantum annealers was motivated in part by magnetism experiments on disordered Ising magnets---spin glasses. These experiments suggested that spin glasses could be brought into low-energy states faster by quantum annealing than by thermal annealing. Reproducing this phenomenon in a programmable quantum annealer has remained a central goal in the field. In this talk I will discuss a demonstration of this quantum critical speedup in a D-Wave Advantage processor, which is made possible by expanded qubit connectivity. I will then discuss a simple hybrid framework for extending the reach of quantum annealers to larger-than-chip optimization problems. 
 
 **Bio:** Andrew King is Director of Performance Research at D-Wave. His scientific background is in graph theory and algorithms, and his research is focused on measuring and improving performance of quantum annealers. He received his Ph.D. from McGill University and did postdocs at Columbia and Simon Fraser Universities before joining D-Wave in 2013.
 
 **Invited talk**
 **Speaker:** Paola Cappellaro, MIT
 
 **Invited talk 3:** Quantum Computation for Baseband Processing in NextG Wireless Networks
 **Speaker:** Kyle Jamieson, Princeton University
 
 **Abstract:** For wireless network designers, user demand for increasing amounts of capacity continues to outpace supply, and while 5G has made progress, even higher-performance remains impractical in part because baseband algorithms are extremely computationally demanding: there is elasticity in the relationship between spectral efficiency and expended compute cycles. With a team of collaborators from industry and academia, this line of work aims to transform the current research landscape by leveraging quantum computation to overcome previous computational limitations, enabling new levels of wireless network performance, with the eventual outcome of incorporating quantum computation into tomorrow's Next Generation standards. We have implemented a series of such designs on quantum annealer and gate model computers: I will touch on a Large MIMO detector, an LDPC decoder, and work on a Polar code decoder. I will conclude with a roadmap for future progress in this area. 
 
 **Bio:** Kyle Jamieson is Professor of Computer Science and Associated Faculty in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Princeton University. His research focuses on mobile and wireless systems for sensing, localization, and communication, and on massively-parallel classical, quantum, and quantum-inspired computational structures for NextG wireless communications systems. He received the B.S. (Mathematics, Computer Science), M.Eng. (Computer Science and Engineering), and Ph.D. (Computer Science, 2008) degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He then received a Starting Investigator fellowship from the European Research Council, a Google Faculty Research Award, and the ACM SIGMOBILE Early Career Award. He served as an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Networking from 2018 to 2020. He is a Senior Member of the ACM and the IEEE.
 
 **Panel Discussion**
 
**Panelists:** David Hayes, Honeywell, Ali Javadi-Abhari, IBM, Birgitta Whaley, UC-Berkeley, Norman Yao, UC - Berkeley, and Paul Kristan Temme, IBM
 
 **Moderator for the panel and talks:** Jarrod McClean, Google

Enabling early applications with hardware-software co-design

### WELCOME

#### NSF Workshop on software-hardware Co-Design for Quantum Computing

This workshop will function as a hub to spur a large, synergistic, and convergent effort for building a common technological ecosystem that quantum-enabled technologies and classical technologies can live together for mutual benefit and progress in the long term. In this workshop, experts from both industry and academia will gather together and discuss the key challenges that need to be addressed for an end-to-end quantum computing infrastructure. In particular, we advocate the importance of taking a computer engineering perspective. We envision that classic computer engineering techniques (at both software and hardware levels) have the potential to enable transformative scientific and industrial progress for quantum computing. The key is to figure out the grand challenges in the new quantum context. This workshop is to help the computer engineering community better understand and focus on these grand challenges rather than incremental changes, form a stronger collaboration, and propose transformative ideas to achieve significant progress in quantum computing. To this end, experts will be invited to get together to report the latest research progress and discuss their visions of the critical challenges that need to be addressed in the near future and how to tackle these challenges in a synergistic manner. 

Please **[click here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-Xy3sXjxNKaeph1QuUQD5YN_Ag3z3AQl/view?usp=sharing)** for more information.

You can register for the workshop here.  Please use **[this link](https://nsfworkshop2022reg.paperform.co/)**.

NSF Workshop on Software-Hardware Co-Design for Quantum Computing

This workshop will function as a hub to spur a large, synergistic, and convergent effort for building a common technological ecosystem that quantum-enabled technologies and classical technologies can live together for mutual benefit and progress in the long term.

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