A species is deemed cultural when there exists behavioural variation across populations that can be at least partly attributed to social learning. Understood in this way, culture has been found in all species of great apes. However some ape behaviours have additionally been claimed to be culture-dependent, implying that copying social learning mechanisms underlie their acquisition (as it occurs in human culture). If that was the case, these ape behaviours should have become locally restricted as a consequence of the unavoidable copying errors accumulated during their transmission between connected individuals. Based on this logic we developed the "Method of Local Restriction" in order to identify potential cases of culture-dependent forms in great apes which distribution is compatible with acquisition via copying (i.e. these behaviours are restricted to a single ape population). After conducting an exhaustive literature search across ape species, populations and behavioural domains, we found that the vast majority of great ape behaviours re-appear in unconnected populations and therefore do not necessarily rely on copying to be acquired. However, we found 25 locally restricted behaviours, three of which were locally unique to a single population of a single great ape species. These behaviours represent the best available candidates of culture-dependent forms in great apes, which reliance on copying social learning should be tested in targeted experiments. Overall our results suggest that great ape cultures are sustained by different learning mechanisms from those at play in human cultures, namely by individual learning mediated by non-copying social learning mechanisms.

The Method of Local Restriction: In search of potential great ape culture-dependent forms

This session will be held in Zoom discussion room. Please click on the button below to join the session

[![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/76394b5b28bf127a876eea792e512efa.png)](https://zoom.us/j/94417035827?pwd=VWt3R2NQbDgwdHFKQld2WlhsS0pXUT09)

**Session Chair:** Eva  Reindl  
  
   
**Paper ID:** AB00121   
**Paper title:** Young children spontaneously invent different types of associative tool use behaviour   
**Author:** Eva Reindl   
**Time:** 16:10 - 16:20 (CEST)  

**Paper ID:** AB00031    
**Paper title:** The Method of Local Restriction: In search of potential great ape culture-dependent forms     
**Author:** Alba Motes Rodrigo   
**Time:** 16:20 - 16:30 (CEST)

**Paper ID:** AB00171   
**Paper title:** The burden of the past: preexisting solutions constrain the evolution of technology in a cultural evolution experiment    
**Author:** Maxime Derex   
**Time:** 16:30 - 16:40 (CEST) 

**Paper ID:** AB00189   
**Paper title:** Insights from Artificial Life: Measuring and Classifying Open-Ended Evolutionary Dynamics   
**Author:** James Borg      
**Time:** 16:40 - 16:50 (CEST)  

**Paper ID:** AB00182      
**Paper title:** Uncovering the Impact of External and Internal Competition on Long-Run Social Dynamics     
**Author:** Daniel Hoyer      
**Time:** 16:50 - 17:00 (CEST)  

Q&A session 29: Evolution of technologies

technical paper

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**Inclusiveness Committee:** [Sarah Mathew (Arizona State University)](https://www.sarahmathew.net/), [Hiromi Matsumae (Tokai University)](https://sites.google.com/site/hiromimatsumae/eng), [Patrick E. Savage (Keio University)](https://sites.google.com/view/comp-music-lab/home)


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For attending the conference, you first need to register and pay fees from [the link here](https://www.chain.hokudai.ac.jp/CES2020/registration/). After the payment of the registration fees, you will receive a ticket, which is necessary for accessing the conference site. After the payment of the registration fees, you will receive a ticket, which is necessary for accessing the conference site

Alba Motes Rodrigo

1

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The Method of Local Restriction: In search of potential great ape culture-dependent forms

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