Arrays of magnetic nanowires (NWs) are an attractive platform with tremendous potential for developing novel magnetic applications, e.g., next-generation information technologies or sensors [1]. The synthesis of NWs by electrochemistry shows multiple degrees of freedom allowing for tailoring the composition, crystallographic structure and, consequently, magnetic properties [2,3]. Herein, FeNi NWs were grown by electrodeposition into anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes (Fig. 1a). The broad range of electrolytes and voltages used, allowed us to study the anomalous FeNi co-deposition by a compositional analysis, being explained within a modified Bocris-Drazic-Despic (BDD) model [4]. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a change from bcc crystallographic structure for Fe-rich NWs to fcc structure at mid and low Fe content, with biphasic bcc-fcc phase for equiatomic NWs. Tuning the synthesis conditions led to FeNi NWs with a range of magnetic hardness, observing an increase in coercivity (from 0.2 kOe to 1 kOe) for a decreased Fe content (Fig. 1b). Coercivity angular measurements showed that the magnetization reversal is dominated by transverse domain wall reversal and indicated a decrease in magnetostatic interactions among NWs as the source of the coercivity rise. First-order reversal curves (FORCs) highlighted the limited role of the magnetic interactions in the arrays, except for Fe0.80Ni0.20 NWs which showed a FORC diagram for magnetically interacting NWs (Fig. 1c). This study shows how the magnetic properties of the NWs can be tailored through an optimized control of the synthesis conditions and adapted to the requirements of the final application. Fig. 1: (a) SEM image of NWs grown inside the AAO template, (b) Hysteresis loops for FeNi NWs with different compositions, and (c) FORC diagram for Fe0.80Ni0.20 NWs. Acknowledgements Authors acknowledge support from EU M-ERA.NET and MICINN through COSMAG (PCI2020-112143) and NEXUS (PID2020-11521RB-C21). A.J.C.-H. and E.M.P. acknowledge support from "La Caixaâ€ Foundation (ID 100010434) through the Doctoral INPhINIT Incoming program (LCF/BQ/DI20/1178002) and AEI (JdC-I program, IJC2020-043011-I/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and EU by NextGenerationEU/PRTR, respectively.

Analysis of the Magnetic Interactions in FeNi Nanowire Arrays through FORC and Angular Coercivity Measurements

Rare-earth transition metal thin films hold great potential for implementation in devices at the micro and nanoscale [1-3]. While Nd2Fe14B and Pr2Fe14B share almost the same intrinsic magnetic properties (Ms, Ku…), Nd2Fe14B has a limited use for low temperature applications (i.e. aerospace) due to the spin reorientation that occurs at 135 K [4]. This limitation can be overcome using Pr2Fe14B, whose magnetization direction remains along the c-axis until 4.2 K [4]. The understanding and optimization of these systems is of great importance when attempting their integration in novel miniaturized devices [5].
In this study, high coercivity PrFeB thin films of 100 nm have been fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The effect on the substrate temperature (Ts) in the structure and morphology and its resulting impact on the magnetic properties has been evaluated. 
Our research stablishes the optimum Ts to be 600oC where a highly textured growth of Pr2Fe14B is achieved according to the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis (Fig. 1a). Pr2Fe14B crystalline phase is accompanied by a Pr-rich phase that can be identified in all the XRD patterns. The role that these Pr-rich areas play in the magnetism of these systems has also been thoroughly studied by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) (Fig. 1c). Regardless of Ts, all films present strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (Fig.2c,d) which is in good accordance with the c-axis oriented preferential growth. Out of plane coercivities up to 14 kOe have been obtained at RT. Atomic and Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM and MFM, respectively) have also been used to determine influence of Ts on the roughness and magnetic domains (Fig 2a,b). 
**References:** 
[1] X. Liu, T. Okumoto, M. Matsumoto, A. Morisako. J. Appl. Phys. 97, 10K301 (2005). 
[2] T.-S. Chin, J. Magn. Magn. Matter. 209, 75-79 (2000). 
[3] A. Bollero, V. Neu, V. Baltz et al., Nanoscale, 12, 1155-1163 (2020). 
[4] TT. B. Lan, G.C. Hermosa and A.C. Sun, J. Phys. Chem. Solid. 144, 109506 (2020). 
[5] H2020 FET-OPEN project “UWIPOM2”: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/857654. 

**Acknowledgements:** 
Authors acknowledge financial support from EU through the H2020 FET Open UWIPOM2 project (Ref. 857654). J. S-M. acknowledges financial support from Comunidad de Madrid (PEJD-2019-PRE/IND-17045). 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/955034a15cdb0a0f619d8946ed3387f8.png) 
Fig. 1. a) XRD pattern of PrFeB thin films grown at different Ts, b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a PrFeB film grown at 600oC, c) EDX mapping of a PrFeB film with a Ts = 600oC showing the distribution of Pr and Fe (c.1) Prdistribution (c.2) Fe distribution (c.3). The scale bar is 800 nm in all cases. 
![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/10cb6499fc26bfe27947f0693ed28999.png) 
Fig. 2. a) AFM and b) MFM image of a PrFeB film grown at 600oC, c) Out of plane and d) In Plane room temperature hysteresis loops with a maximum applied field of 20 kOe for PrFeB thin films grown at different Ts.

High coercive PrFeB Films with Strong Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

Ferrites and magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in sectors such as energy, electronics and biomedicine [1,2]. This work shows an optimum combination of co-precipitation, milling and reduction process of ferrite precursors (CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4) to obtain CoFe and NiFe NPs, respectively, with tailored magnetic properties and improved heat generation for magneto-thermal applications. Ferrite precursor powders have been synthesized by co-precipitation [3] followed by nanostructuring through self-developed ultrafast milling (24 min). Reduction at different temperatures under Ar+H2 has led to NPs with a tuneable composition going from pure ferrite to CoFe and NiFe NPs, with core-shell nanostructures (CoFe2O4-CoFe and NiFe2O4-NiFe) at intermediate reduction stages. An optimized temperature has resulted in CoFe and NiFe NPs with a high saturation magnetization of 235 and 149 emu/g, respectively. Milling has allowed for diminishing the reduction temperature in 100 °C compared to that required for non-milled particles, which is of relevance in view of upscaling (Fig. 1) [4]. The magneto-thermal response of the NPs has been studied by exposure to alternating magnetic fields at 103 kHz for 5 min. Remarkably, an increase of 28% in the heat generated (under an applied field of 20 mT) has been obtained for the reduced milled CoFe NPs in comparison to the non-milled NPs (Fig. 2), due to particle refinement and high saturation magnetization. The milled NiFe NPs has shown a lower heat generation due to agglomeration effects. This cost-efficient and scalable approach eases the synthesis of NiFe and CoFe NPs for magneto-thermal applications. Acknowledgments. Authors acknowledge financial support from EU M-ERA.NET through COSMAG project (PCI2020-112143); from MICINN through NEXUS project (PID2020-115215RB-C21); and from CM through NanoMagCOST project (P2018/NMT-4321). A.J.C.-H. acknowledges support from "La Caixa" by the Doctoral INPhINIT Incoming program (LCF/BQ/DI20/1178002).

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/3d3878bca20e35efefe648bf0daa5801.jpg)

Fig.1. (a) Room temperature hysteresis loops and (b) XRD patterns of milled cobalt ferrite NPs reduced at different temperatures.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/1e335e0631e7215287a7642ecf21df92.jpg)

Fig.2. Magneto-thermal measurements of milled and non-milled CoFe NPs.

Scalable Synthesis of CoFe and NiFe Nanoparticles from Ferrite Precursors with Tailored Magneto-Thermal Properties by a Combined Co-precipitation, Milling and Reduction Process

Permanent magnets (PMs) are indispensable in sectors as important as energy and electromobility. MnAlC is an excellent rare earth-free candidate to contribute to fill the gap existing between ferrites and NdFeB magnets, provided a successful development of its PM properties. This will be only possible by combining a high magnetization, through a maximized content of the only ferromagnetic phase in the MnAl system (τ-phase), and an enhanced coercivity, through efficient nanostructuring and phase transformation [1]. We have recently shown the importance of combining the formation of the β-Mn phase and Mn3AlC to increase coercivity -while maintaining a high remanence- in both powder and bulk MnAlC magnets produced by a simplified hot-pressing method [2]. The choice of specific additives may be a successful route to enhance magnetic properties [3]. This study shows the possibility of reaching a coercivity exceeding 2.5 kOe (200 kA/m) for 1 at.% Mo- and Cr-doped MnAlC powder and 3.3 kOe (263 kA/m) for V-doped MnAlC powder. This has been possible by combining gas-atomization and the self-developed flash-milling method (30-240 s) for efficient nanostructuring and promoting the creation of nanoprecipitates acting as pining centers [4]. A five-fold increase in coercivity has been achieved by comparison with that of the unmilled powder (see Fig. 2 for Mo-doped MnAlC). Furthermore, a proper choice of the milling time followed by an optimized annealing has allowed for combining high coercivity with an enhanced remanence (35 emu/g for a Cr-doped MnAlC sample) [4]. This approach opens a new path for engineering novel MnAlC doped nanostructures with promising PM properties. Acknowledgments. Gas-atomized powder was synthesized by Höganäs AB under the industrial project ECNanoManga between Höganäs and IMDEA Nanociencia. IMDEA acknowledges financial support by NEXUS project (PID2020-115215RB-C21) from MICINN.


![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/405da192b48636c20674a5c79f4d28da.jpg)

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/1c8762f8591e2521a169282b95770c06.jpg)


Effect of Dopants (Mo, Cr, V) on the Magnetic Properties of Mn-Al-C nanostructured by Flash-Milling

Effect of Dopants (Mo, Cr, V) on the Magnetic Properties of Mn-Al-C nanostructured by Flash-Milling

Ferrites are the most used permanent magnets (PMs) due to their availability and low cost, being an alternative to PMs based on critical rare-earths in new applications such as electromobility [1]. In this work we will show the possibility of 3D-printing objects using strontium ferrite powder obtained by successful recycling of the residue generated from manufacturing commercial ferrite magnets. Tuning the morphology and microstructure of the Sr-ferrite residue by post-processing made possible to end with Sr-ferrite powder with PM properties superior, not only to the residue precursor, but to those of the brand new commercial powder (3.5 fold increase in coercivity and a 25% increase in remanence) [2]. The recycled ferrite was used as precursor for synthesizing composites by the solution casting method [3], and extruding filaments for advanced manufacturing of magnets (with a particle content up to 65 wt%) by Fused Filament Fabrication. Magnetic characterization of composites, filaments and printed objects was performed by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), showing that the magnetization scales accordingly to the content of ferrite particles and that there is no deterioration of the PM properties of the starting particles along processing (Fig. 1). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of the particles in the polymer matrix (Fig. 2) [4]. This work has shown an efficient path for developing new and alternative PMs by the combination of recycling and 3D-printing. Acknowledgements. Authors acknowledge financial support from MICINN by NEXUS project (PID2020-115215RB-C21), industrial collaboration PLASMAG with IMA S.L.U. and from the Regional Government of Madrid by NanoMagCOST project (P2018/NMT-4321).

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/ac2f3c775797ab289c0ec1e59559f011.jpg)

Fig. 1. (a) First and second quadrants of the hysteresis loops of starting powder and composites with different content of ferrite. (b) Normalized hysteresis loops of the starting powder, composite and 3D-printed object. Insets show a 3D-printed piece based on ferrite particles.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/ce076f52b81f87799a6418acd5c64cfb.jpg)

Fig. 2. SEM images of: (a) cross section and (b) closer view of a magnetic filament with a 50 wt% of ferrite; and (c) and (d) inner morphology of a 3D-printed object with a particle content of 65 wt%.

A Sustainable Route for Permanent Magnets Fabrication: Additive Manufacturing Applied to Recycled Ferrite Residues

Additive manufacturing (AM) of composites is attracting much interest in high-tech sectors for fabricating complex high-performance objects with tailored properties [1]. For permanent magnets (PMs), the challenge is to develop magnets by AM with no geometrical restrictions, high filling factor (FF), and non-deteriorated PM properties [2], together with finding alternatives (e.g., improved ferrites and promising MnAlC-based alloys) to rare earth-based magnets [3]. Composites (PM particles/polymer) were synthesized by solution casting, followed by extrusion of filaments for 3D-printing, being reported for the very first time (Fig. 1). Several alternative PM materials were studied (gas-atomized τ-MnAlC, Sr-ferrite and hybrids —Sr-ferrite/NdFeB). Particle size and fine-to-coarse particles ratio (FP/CP) play a key role on the flexibility and powder loading of MnAlC filaments (length&gt;10 m), reaching FF&gt;80% and non-deteriorated PMs properties (Fig. 1) [4]. These results will be compared to the obtained for filaments based on Sr-ferrite (Hc=239 kA/m, FF=92%), NdFeB (Hc=812 kA/m, FF=93%) and hybrids (Hc=629 kA/m, FF=90%) (Fig. 2). MnAlC-based objects were 3D-printed under controlled temperature, proving that alternative PM materials can be efficiently synthesized and processed to develop novel PMs by AM (Fig. 1) [4]. Acknowledgements. Authors acknowledge collaborations with B. Skårman, H. Vidarsson and P.-O. Larsson (Höganäs, Sweden) by the industrial contract GAMMA, and A. Nieto and R. Altimira (IMA, Spain), and financial support from: EU M-ERA.NET by COSMAG project (PCI2020-112143); MICINN by NEXUS project (PID2020-115215RB-C21); CM by NanoMagCOST project (P2018/NMT-4321).

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/3da8e2e0919c7ea3ed6b01fc3af543f4.jpg)

Fig. 1. (a) Gas-atomized MnAlC, polymer, and composite; (b) SEM image of MnAlC particles and size distribution; (c), (d) image and SEM cross section of a MnAlC/ABS filament; (e) MnAlC-based 3D-printed object; (f) normalized magnetic response of MnAlC-based samples; and (g) magnetic flux density of a 3D-printed MnAlC-based disc.


![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/b00d3d1a8d0386d3ac76cfe5a8bfe75e.jpg)

Fig. 2. (a) SEM and EDX of a hybrid composite; (b) second quadrant of the hysteresis loops for the hybrid, Sr ferrite- and NdFeB-based materials. Insets show composite pellets and SEM cross section of a Sr ferrite-based filament.

Optimizing the Particle Size Distribution in Permanent Magnet Composites to Extrude Flexible Filaments for Additive Manufacturing

The research on hybrid systems combining dissimilar materials with artificial interfaces is among the major challenges of the nanotechnology during the last decades. Different functionalities may be engineered by combining dissimilar materials. To this regard, bilayers composed of a ferromagnetic (FM) layer interfaced with a transition-metal-oxide (TMO) layer can be considered as model hybrid systems V2O3 is an archetypical TMO system exhibiting a first-order metal insulator transition (MIT) when the temperature is decreased below TMIT= 170 K [1], from a paramagnetic metallic state to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulating phase, accompanied simultaneously by a structural phase transition [2]. We are provided with an additional degree of freedom in order to control the FM properties at the FM/TMO interface. Below TMIT, several interfacial exchange-coupling effects have already been found in similar FM/V2O3 bilayers [3], ranging from moderate to negligible exchange bias fields, enhanced giant coercive fields and unique dynamical effects. To understand these interesting effects it is important to investigate in detail the temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropies of this system. Here we present a detailed angular and temperature dependent angle-resolved vector magnetometry study of the model FM/TMO system mentioned across the MIT. This provides fundamental insights on how to tailor and control the interfacial exchange effects. More specifically, we investigated the magnetic anisotropy landscape of Co/V2O3 bilayers, where the Co layer has a well-defined uniaxial magnetic anisotropy at room temperature (see Fig.1a1 y Fig.1b1). We have studied the effects using different magnetic anisotropy configurations by setting a magnetic orientation of the FM layer across the MIT transition. Different field cooling (FC) procedures strongly affect the magnetic configuration of the hybrid bilayer. Just after the FC, the low temperature (50 K) loops display strong interfacial exchange coupling effects (see Fig.1a2 y Fig.1b2), i.e., enhanced coercive field, clear exchange bias, and asymmetric magnetization reversal [4]. In general, depending on the FC procedure, different angle-dependent and temperature evolutions are found, which are ascribed to the modifications of the anisotropy configuration. Our findings demonstrate that we have an effective control of the interfacial exchange phenomena in the FM/TMO heterostructures, especially across the MIT, which enables the development of novel magnetic devices with specific functionalities. This research was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (grant numbers FIS2016-78591-C3-1-R, RTI2018-097895-B-C42, and SEV-2016-0686) and by the Regional Government of Madrid (through project NANOMAGCOST-CM). JMD ackowledges support from MINECO through FPI program (BES-2017-080617). Work at UCSD supported by the Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy, BES-DMS funded by the Department of Energy’s Office of Basic Energy Science, DMR under grant DE FG02 87ER-45332. We thank C. Urban, and J. Trastoy for initial work and discussions on this problem.

**References:**

[1] Imada, M., Fujimori, A. and Tokura, Y. Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 1039-1263 (1998). [2]De La Venta, J., Wang, S., Ramirez, J. G., and Schuller, I. K. Applied Physics Letters, 102(12), 122404 (2013). [3] E. Jiménez, J. Camarero, J. Sort, J. Nogués, A. Hoffmann, N. Mikuszeit, J. M. Garcia-Martín, B. Dieny, and R. Miranda. Phys. Rev. B. 80,014415 (2009). [4] J. Camarero, J. Sort, A. Hoffmann, J. M. Garciaa-Martín, B. Dieny,R. Miranda, and J. Nogués. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 057204 (2005)

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/84121644807d7ea9c1108a6365c3b517.jpg)
Representative v-MOKE loops of a V2O3 (100 nm)/Co (15 nm) heterostructure above (a1,b1) and below (a2,b2) the MIT transition using different field-cooling (FC) conditions: a) Negative-FC along the easy axis and b) Positive-FC around 50° off the easy axis. Note that after FC, the hysteresis field-shift (indicated with arrows) is opposite to the FC direction, while the reversal pathways are very different [notoriously in M⊥(H)].

 Tailoring interfacial phenomena in hybrid V2O3/Co bilayers

Nowadays multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) is attracting much interest in many high technological sectors such as automotive, energy, electronics, aeronautics and medicine. The combination of AM technology with the synthesis of composite materials allows for designing and fabricating objects with complex shapes and tuned properties for reaching high performance [1]. For permanent magnet (PM) applications, a present challenge is developing magnets by AM with no geometrical constrictions, high filling factor (FF) to avoid diluting their magnetic properties, and no deterioration of their PM properties during processing [2]. The industrial fabrication of PM/polymer composites (typically in the shape of pellets) is done by mechanical methods. We showed recently, and for the very first time, the possibility of producing a continuous PM-based filament (meters long) using as a precursor a highly loaded PM/polymer composite synthesized by solution casting [3]. This technique allows for the synthesis of customized composites making possible the choice of the polymer according to the requirements dictated by the final application. Moreover, it is an easily scalable route, which opens a new path to the AM technology of PMs. In this study, different composites (PM particles/polymer) have been analyzed consisting on several PM materials: gas-atomized τ-MnAlC (Fig. 1(a)), Sr-ferrite, NdFeB, and hybrid (NdFeB/Sr-ferrite) powders embedded in different polymer matrix. It is of large scientific and technological interest to consider rare earth (RE)-free PM alternatives such as improved ferrites, and the promising MnAl-based alloys [4]. The starting powders showed different mean particle size ranging from the 5 μm of Sr-ferrite to the 50 μm of NdFeB powders. MnAlC powders showed an intermediate mean particle size between 15 and 30 μm. This work will show the effect of particle size (with special attention to the benefits of combining dissimilar sizes), polymer and fabrication parameters on the properties of the final products, showing that they are key factors to be considered and optimized for obtaining flexible and continuous filaments with a high FF. Particle size plays a key role when extruding the composites in order to obtain flexible filaments with a high FF [3,5,6]. It has been observed that if the mean particle size is larger than 20 μm (coarse particles), the extrusion process is affected by the composite rheology under the exerted pressures and, consequently, the FF of the extruded filament is reduced [5,6]. A key result from this study is the demonstration that, by mixing particles with different size and optimizing the fine-to-coarse particles ratio, it is possible to obtain flexible filaments with increased FF (up to 90%), i.e., leading to an enhanced effectiveness of the extrusion process [5,6]. MnAlC-based composites were synthesized by solution casting (Fig. 1(a)) making possible to tune the FF, reaching extremely high values above 85% [3]. Composites were extruded into continuous and flexible filaments with PM properties (Fig. 1(b)), with a length over 10 m [3,6]. The homogeneity of the composites and filaments has been determined by scanning electron microscopy, SEM (Fig. 1(b)). Processing of SEM images allowed for obtaining the FF of the composites and filaments. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) has been used for accurately determining the FF of composites and filaments, being positioned as a faster technique in comparison with image processing. Moreover, and important in view of practical applications, this technique has demonstrated the no deterioration of PM properties of the starting particles after composite synthesis and filament extrusion processes (Fig. 1(b)) [3,5,6]. We will compare these results with those obtained in the preparation of filament prepared from composites based on: Sr-ferrite (Hc~3 kOe, FF=92%), NdFeB (Hc=10.2 kOe, FF=83%) and hybrid composites containing fine (Sr-ferrite) and coarse (NdFeB) particles (Hc=8 kOe, FF=90%). Optimized MnAlC-based filament (with a high MnAlC content above 80 wt.%) was used for 3D-printing objects as a proof-of-concept (Fig. 2). Magnetic measurements performed on the printed objects (Fig. 2) have proved that alternative PM materials can be efficiently synthesized and processed for developing novel PMs by AM under controlled processing temperature, which might be used in sensing devices [6]. Acknowledgements Authors acknowledge fruitful collaboration and discussions with B. Skårman, H. Vidarsson and P.-O. Larsson from Höganäs AB (Sweden), and A. Nieto and R. Altimira from IMA S.L.U. (Spain). Authors additionally acknowledge financial support from EU M-ERA.NET and MINECO through the projects "NEXMAG" (M-ERA.NET Project Success Case, Ref. PCIN-2015-126) and "3D-MAGNETOH" (Ref. MAT2017-89960-R); Regional Government of Madrid through "NANOMAGCOST" project (Ref. P2018/NMT-4321); and Höganäs AB through the industrial contract "GAMMA".

**References:**

[1] S.A.M. Tofail et al., Mater. Today, 21, 22 (2018) [2] C. Huber et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 109, 162401 (2016) [3] E.M. Palmero et al., Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 19, 465 (2018) [4] A. Bollero et al., ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 5, 3243 (2017); J. Rial et al., Acta Mater., 157, 42 (2018); J. Rial et al. Engineering, 6 (2), 173; C. Muñoz-Rodríguez et al., J. Alloys Compd., 847, 156361 (2020) [5] E.M. Palmero et al., IEEE Trans. Magn., 55, 2101004 (2019) [6] E.M. Palmero et al., Addit. Manuf., 33, 101179 (2020)

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/07242cdfa3f27df187acf728ebcc1b22.jpg)
Fig. 1. (a) Composite synthesis by solution casting with representative images of the starting MnAlC powders and the resulting MnAlC/polymer composite. (b) Second quadrant of the hysteresis loops measured at room temperature for the gas-atomized MnAlC particles, MnAlC/polymer composite and extruded filament. Inset shows an extruded MnAlC-based filament together with an SEM image of its circular cross section.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/313f4a31e639429f97217f5044912754.jpg)
Fig. 2. Magnetic pieces obtained by additive manufacturing using an extruded filament based on MnAlC particles, together with the magnetic flux density measured at the surface of a 3D-printed disc.

 Additive Manufacturing of Rare Earth-free and Hybrid Permanent Magnets: from Composites synthesized by Solution Casting to Magnetic Filament and 3D-printing of Magnets

MOA: Nanocomposite Magnetic Materials

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Presentations

Analysis of the Magnetic Interactions in FeNi Nanowire Arrays through FORC and Angular Coercivity Measurements

High coercive PrFeB Films with Strong Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

Scalable Synthesis of CoFe and NiFe Nanoparticles from Ferrite Precursors with Tailored Magneto-Thermal Properties by a Combined Co-precipitation, Milling and Reduction Process

Effect of Dopants (Mo, Cr, V) on the Magnetic Properties of Mn-Al-C nanostructured by Flash-Milling

A Sustainable Route for Permanent Magnets Fabrication: Additive Manufacturing Applied to Recycled Ferrite Residues

Optimizing the Particle Size Distribution in Permanent Magnet Composites to Extrude Flexible Filaments for Additive Manufacturing

Tailoring interfacial phenomena in hybrid V2O3/Co bilayers

Additive Manufacturing of Rare Earth-free and Hybrid Permanent Magnets: from Composites synthesized by Solution Casting to Magnetic Filament and 3D-printing of Magnets

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