As the world tries to shift to cleaner energy, it is important to keep track of how each country manages to meet their energy needs while reducing their impacts on the planet. Denmark is one of the leading countries in the world in wind power penetration, reporting that 47% of their electricity consumption came from wind in 2019 (Reuters). My research looks at how they have achieved this statistic, what exactly it means, and how it may be misleading for other countries or societies seeking to emulate Denmark’s high wind integration. The intermittency of wind energy is a big problem because the intermittency destabilizes the energy grid when combined with reliable, dispatchable energy sources like fossil fuels. My conclusions regarding how Denmark has been able to integrate wind energy and maintain high grid stability indicate that Denmark’s success is quite unique because of a) geographical proximity to the naturally high-wind areas of the North and Baltic seas, b) geographical proximity and strong import/export relationships to energy-intensive neighbors like Germany, which produces a lot of energy for its own domestic needs, and neighbors like Norway and Sweden, who possess vast amounts of hydropower reserves; c) Denmark consumes relatively little energy compared to its neighbors, and d) Denmark has enjoyed enough financial wealth and political stability to invest in diversified interconnectors to its neighbors as well as grow its own wind industry. All of these factors play important roles in how Denmark has been able to integrate wind into its electric grid, but perhaps the most important factor is the robust import/export system, which acts as a stabilizing “functional battery” for Denmark’s electricity system. More quantitative research is needed to establish a clearer idea of wind energy’s role in Denmark’s electric grid and understand how that energy is distributed.

Analyzing the Outlook for Renewable Energy: Denmark Case Study

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Sabrina Hu

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Analyzing the Outlook for Renewable Energy: Denmark Case Study

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