Bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnets (Bi:YIG) have attracted recent interest due to the possibility of having coexisting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and
ultralow Gilbert damping (~10-4) [1–3]. The existence of ultralow damping, however, has so far been accompanied by the presence of substantial inhomogeneous broadening (~10–100 Oe). The relevant parameter for applications is the total ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth, and so it is of interest to minimize the inhomogeneous broadening as well as the damping. Here we demonstrate the presence of both ultralow damping (≤ 5 × 10-4) and low inhomogeneous broadening (≈ 10 Oe) in a series of epitaxial PLD-grown Bi:YIG/GSGG(111)films. However, achieving these low linewidths requires the magnetization to be approximately parallel to the [100] crystallographic direction (roughly 55 degrees relative to the film normal), as seen in the figure. It is extremely unusual to observe a minimum linewidth for intermediate angles—typically a sharp maximum is observed where the angle of the magnetization is most sensitive to changes in the angle of the applied field [4]. We show that for a film grown on a GGG(100) substrate, the perpendicular FMR linewidth at 20 GHz (≈ 30 Oe) is much smaller than for the films grown on (111) substrates (≥ 60 Oe). Furthermore, the minimum in the linewidth as a function of angle is not nearly as sharp and occurs at approximately 35 degrees relative to the film normal. For applications, it is crucial for the FMR linewidth to be small for perpendicular magnetization. We discuss potential causes for the anomalous angular dependence of the FMR linewidth and how to minimize it for perpendicular magnetization. This work was supported by SMART, a center funded by nCORE, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by NIST.
**References** 
[1] Soumah et al., Nat. Comm. 9, 3355 (2018).
[2] Lin et al., JMMM 496, 165886 (2020).
[3] Caretta et al., Science 370, 1438 (2020).
[4] Woltersdorf and Heinrich, Phys. Rev. B 69, 184417 (2004). 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/36dcc25d00a7b46fd7512df26ed06725.png) 

Full-width-at-half-maximum FMR linewidth as a function of magnetization angle θ relative to the film normal for a 70 nm Bi:YIG/GSGG(111) film. Angles corresponding to [111] and [100] crystallographic directions are indicated

Anomalous angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance linewidths in perpendicular Bi:YIG films with ultralow damping

Rare earth iron garnet (REIG) thin films have attracted a great deal of attention for spintronic applications over the past few years. Properties of REIG|Pt heterostructures have also been extensively studied. However, effects of nonmagnetic ion substitution on iron sublattice of REIG thin films have not been investigated so far. We report growth, structural, magnetic and spintronic properties of epitaxial scandium substituted terbium iron garnet (TbScIG) thin films on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG, (111) orientation) substrate. Reciprocal space mapping shows that films are lattice matched to substrate without strain relaxation up to thickness of 66 nm. All the deposited films with varying scandium content have been found to have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) due to magnetoelastic anisotropy contribution arising from lattice strain. Their compositions have been determined using wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) to be Tb2.8Fe5.2O12, Tb2.8Sc0.3Fe4.9O12, Tb2.9Sc0.5Fe4.6O12 and Tb2.8Sc0.8Fe4.4O12. Thickness of these films have been determined to vary within 63-73 nm by fitting Laue fringes observed in symmetric high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) scans around the GGG (444) peak. Compensation temperatures of TbScIG thin films have been found to decrease with increasing scandium content which is in agreement with larger Sc3+ ions occupying octahedral sublattice as reported in past for bulk yttrium iron garnet. Increasing scandium content has been found to be accompanied by increase in room temperature saturation magnetization from 37 emu/cm3 for Tb2.8Fe5.2O12 to 59 emu/cm3 for Tb2.8Sc0.8Fe4.4O12. Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) like spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) measurements have been performed to determine the effect of scandium content on spin mixing conductance of TbScIG|Pt interface. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements have been performed to determine the Gilbert damping parameter of these thin films.

**References:**

1. Rosenberg, E. R. et al. Phys. Rev. Mater. 2, 094405 (2018). 2. Chen, Y.-T. et al. Phys. Rev. B 87, 144411 (2013). 3. Geller, S. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1408–1415 (1966). 4. Espinosa, G. P. J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2344–2347 (1962). 5. Geller, S. & Gilleo, M. A. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 3, 30–36 (1957).

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/6622f0b7058f2890a716a1b0e7583354.jpg)
Fig. 1 High-resolution XRD scans of TbScIG/GGG thin films with varying Sc content (vertically offset for clarity with film and substrate peaks labeled F and S respectively)

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/a0dcfa0d077c1af474271af74f5d7897.jpg)
Fig. 2 Magnetic moment versus temperature for TbScIG/GGG thin films with varying Sc content. A typical error bar is attached.

 Magnetic and Spintronic Properties of Scandium Substituted Terbium Iron Garnet Thin Films

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Anomalous angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance linewidths in perpendicular Bi:YIG films with ultralow damping

Magnetic and Spintronic Properties of Scandium Substituted Terbium Iron Garnet Thin Films

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