X-ray circular magnetic dichroism (XMCD) is a powerful tool for highly-sensitive and element-specific investigations of magnetic materials. This effect can be utilized in Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) in the soft X-ray range for magnetic imaging at spatial resolutions down to 20 nm. When combined with a pump-probe excitation and single-photon detection scheme, magneto-dynamic imaging can be achieved with a stroboscopic time-resolution of the order of 20 ps. These capabilities have been widely used in the field of magnetism, including vortex core dynamics [1], magnonics in real-space on the scale of tens of nm[2,3,4] and room temperature skyrmionics [5,6] As a photon-based technique, STXM is very tolerant to the sample environments and allows for diverse detection methods. For example, the use of strong magnetic fields can be combined with surface sensitive electron yield imaging, as well as with helium cryostats to provide sample temperatures down to 20K at multi-GHz bandwidths for dynamic excitation. Examples for research utilizing these features will be presented, as well as recent developments such as CCD-Ptychography for super-resolution or using a high- repetition-rate laser as an optical pump source for time-resolved measurements. As an outlook, it will be discussed how STXM can profit from the current developments in high-brilliance x-ray sources.

**References:**

[1] Van Waeyenberge et al., Nature 444, 461 (2006). [2] S Wintz et al., Nat. Nanotech. 11, 948 (2016). [3] V. Sluka et al., Nat. Nanotech. 14, 328 (2019). [4] N. Träger et al., Phys. Status Solidi RRL , 14: 2000373 (2020). [5] S Woo et al., Nat. Mater. 15, 501 (2016). [6] K Litzius et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 170 (2017). [7] S. Mayr et al. (unpublished) (2020).

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/ab4ee7588fc632d843781219a2c096de.jpg)

Schematics and time-resolved STXM image (normalized snapshot) revealing the coherent flow of magnons in a ferrimagnetic insulator [7]

Advanced Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy for the Investigation Magnetic Phenomena

Novel Approaches to the Excitation and Control of Nano-Scale Propagating Spin Waves 

*Session Chair: Olivier Fruchart, SPINTEC*

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AA: Progress and Prospects of Advanced Magnetic Microscopies

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Symposium 8: Novel Approaches to the Excitation and Control of Nano-Scale Propagating Spin Waves 

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Advanced Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy for the Investigation Magnetic Phenomena

Novel Approaches to the Excitation and Control of Nano-Scale Propagating Spin Waves

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