Though recent work has established the soft real-time (SRT)-optimality of Earliest-Deadline-First (EDF) variants on multiprocessor models with limited heterogeneity (e.g., uniform speeds or affinity masks), such models are insufficient to describe modern multiprocessors, which have grown increasingly heterogeneous. This fact highlights the need to extend theoretical results to more asymmetric models, such as the unrelated multiprocessor model. This paper presents an EDF variant tailored for this model and proves that it is at least nearly SRT-optimal. Simulation results for random task systems are also presented that suggest that the proposed EDF variant may actually be SRT-optimal.

Extending EDF for Soft Real-Time Scheduling on Unrelated Multiprocessors

Artificial-intelligence algorithms are enabling ever more sophisticated autonomous features in safety-critical applica- tion domains. These algorithms can be quite complex—consisting of many tasks interconnected in processing graphs—and often must execute on complex heterogeneous hardware—typically multicore machines augmented with one or more hardware accelerators. To further complicate matters, these processing graphs often must be supported in contexts where a large system is broken into smaller components. With this confluence of factors, existing response-time analysis for processing graphs is not applicable. In this paper, such analysis is extended to address these complexities in systems where components are isolated via time partitioning. Additionally, graph restructuring methods are presented that enable response-time bounds to be reduced.

AI Meets Real-Time: Addressing Real-World Complexities in Graph Response-Time Analysis

Across a range of safety-critical domains, an evolution is underway to endow embedded systems with “thinking” capabilities by using artificial-intelligence (AI) techniques. This evolution is being fueled by the availability of high-performance embedded hardware, typically multicore machines augmented with accelerators. Unfortunately, existing software certification processes rely on time partitioning to isolate system components, and this sense of isolation can be broken by accelerator usage. To address this issue, this paper presents TimeWall, a time-partitioning framework for multicore+accelerator platforms. When applied alongside existing methods for alleviating spatial interference, TimeWall can help enable component-wise certification on multicore+accelerator platforms. The challenges in realizing a TimeWall implementation are discussed in detail in this paper. Additionally, the temporal isolation TimeWall affords is examined experimentally, including via a case study of a computer-vision perception application, on a real platform.

TimeWall: Enabling Time Partitioning for Real-Time Multicore+Accelerator Platforms

**Session chair:** Zhishan Guo
- 25 min: [**(Outstanding Paper) Partitioned Scheduling of Recurrent Real-Time Tasks**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a356/280200a356.pdf), *Pontus Ekberg and Sanjoy Baruah*
- 25 min: [**Extending EDF for Soft Real-Time Scheduling on Unrelated Multiprocessors**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a253/280200a253.pdf), *Stephen Tang, Sergey Voronov and Jim Anderson*
- 25 min: [**Sub-Linear Overhead in Static Schedules for Fault-Tolerant Transmission**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a405/280200a405.pdf), *Zhe Wang, Kunal Agrawal and Jeremy Fineman*
- 25 min: [**LAG-based Analysis Techniques for Scheduling Multiprocessor Hard Real-Time Sporadic DAGs**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a316/280200a316.pdf), *Yaswanth Yadlapalli and Cong Liu*


1.21 - Scheduling I

technical paper

 **RTSS 2021** has successfully concluded. Hope you have enjoyed it, and look forward to seeing you next year in person.
    Announcement for the Awards:
 * Best Paper Award goes to: Monte Carlo Response-Time Analysis, Sergey Bozhko, Georg von der Brüggen, and Björn Brandenburg
 * Best Student Paper Award goes to: Automatic Energy-Hotspot Detection and Elimination in Real-Time Deeply Embedded Systems, Mohsen Shekarisaz, Lothar Thiele, and Mehdi Kargahi.
 * Best Solution Award for Industry Session goes to: Toward Real-Time Guaranteed Scheduling for Autonomous Driving Systems. Jinghao Sun, Tianyi Wang, Kailu Duan, Bin Lu, Jiankang Ren, Zhishan Guo, and Guozhen Tan.



IEEE RTSS 2021

The IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS) is the premier conference in the field of real-time systems, and is a venue for researchers and practitioners to showcase innovations covering all aspects of real-time systems, including theory, design, analysis, implementation, evaluation, and experience. 

 **Session chair:** Kuan-Hsun Chen<br><br>

- 25 min: [**AI Meets Real-Time: Addressing Real-World Complexities in Graph Response-Time Analysis**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a082/280200a082.pdf), *Sergey Voronov, Stephen Tang, Tanya Amert and Jim Anderson*
- 25 min: [**TimeWall: Enabling Time Partitioning for Real-Time Multicore+Accelerator Platforms (Artifact Evaluated)**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a455/280200a455.pdf), *Tanya Amert, Zelin Tong, Sergey Voronov, Joshua Bakita, F. Donelson Smith and Jim Anderson*
- 25 min: [**Balancing Energy Efficiency and Real-Time Performance in GPU Scheduling**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a110/280200a110.pdf), *Yidi Wang, Mohsen Karimi, Yecheng Xiang and Hyoseung Kim*
- 5 min: [**(WiP) Evaluating Task Dropping Strategies for Overloaded Real-Time Systems**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a528/280200a528.pdf), *Yiqin Gao, Guillaume Pallez, Yves Robert and Frédéric Vivien*
- 5 min: [**(WiP) Cooling by Core-idling: Thermal-aware Thread Scheduling for Mobile Multicore Processor**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a520/280200a520.pdf), *Srijeeta Maity, Anirban Ghose, Soumyajit Dey, Sangyoung Park and Samarjit Chakraborty*
- 5 min: [**(WiP) Cloud Computing for Time-Triggered Safety-Critical Systems**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a516/280200a516.pdf), *Gautam Gala, Javier Castillo Rivera and Gerhard Fohler*
- 5 min: [**(WaP) Integrated Scheduling of Real-time and Interactive Tasks for Configurable Industrial Systems**](https://tu-dortmund.sciebo.de/s/NrQjhhzs3ynTlmz), *Suhyeon Yoo, Yewon Jo and Hyokyung Bahn*




Sergey Voronov

3

2

SHORT BIO

Presentations

Extending EDF for Soft Real-Time Scheduling on Unrelated Multiprocessors

AI Meets Real-Time: Addressing Real-World Complexities in Graph Response-Time Analysis

TimeWall: Enabling Time Partitioning for Real-Time Multicore+Accelerator Platforms

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES