Although automated image captioning methods have benefited considerably from the development of large language models (LLMs), generating humorous captions is still a challenging task. Humorous captions generated by humans are unique to the image and reflect the content of the image. However, captions generated using previous captioning models tend to be generic. Therefore, we propose incongruity-resolution chain-of-thought (IRCoT) as a novel prompting framework that creates content-specific resolutions from fine details extracted from an image. Furthermore, we integrate logit bias and negative sampling to suppress the output of generic resolutions. The results of experiments with GPT4-V demonstrate that our proposed framework effectively generated humorous captions tailored to the content of specific input images.

Content-Specific Humorous Image Captioning Using Incongruity Resolution Chain-of-Thought

In deep reinforcement learning, estimating the value function to evaluate the quality of states and actions is essential. The value function is often trained using the least squares method, which implicitly assumes a Gaussian error distribution. However, a recent study suggested that the error distribution for training the value function is often skewed because of the properties of the Bellman operator, and violates the implicit assumption of normal error distribution in the least squares method. To address this, we proposed a method called Symmetric Q-learning, in which the synthetic noise generated from a zero-mean distribution is added to the target values to generate a Gaussian error distribution. We evaluated the proposed method on continuous control benchmark tasks in MuJoCo. It improved the sample efficiency of a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning method by reducing the skewness of the error distribution.

Symmetric Q-learning: Reducing Skewness of Bellman Error in Online Reinforcement Learning

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) can be run on neuromorphic devices with ultra-high speed and ultra-low energy consumption because of their binary and event-driven nature. Therefore, SNNs are expected to have various applications, including as generative models being running on edge devices to create high-quality images. In this study, we build a variational autoencoder (VAE) with SNN to enable image generation. VAE is known for its stability among generative models; recently, its quality advanced. In vanilla VAE, the latent space is represented as a normal distribution, and floating-point calculations are required in sampling. However, this is not possible in SNNs because all features must be binary time series data. Therefore, we constructed the latent space with an autoregressive SNN model, and randomly selected samples from its output to sample the latent variables. This allows the latent variables to follow the Bernoulli process and allows variational learning. Thus, we build the Fully Spiking Variational Autoencoder where all modules are constructed with SNN. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to build a VAE only with SNN layers. We experimented with several datasets, and confirmed that it can generate images with the same or better quality compared to conventional ANNs. The code is available at https://github.com/kamata1729/FullySpikingVAE.

Fully Spiking Variational Autoencoder

Spherical images taken in all directions (360 degrees by 180 degrees) allow the full surroundings of a subject to be represented, providing an immersive experience to viewers. Generating a spherical image from a single normal-field-of-view (NFOV) image is convenient and expands the usage scenarios considerably without relying on a specific panoramic camera or images taken from multiple directions; however, achieving such images remains a challenging and unresolved problem. The primary challenge is controlling the high degree of freedom involved in generating a wide area that includes all directions of the desired spherical image. We focus on scene symmetry, which is a basic property of the global structure of spherical images, such as rotational symmetry, plane symmetry, and asymmetry. We propose a method for generating a spherical image from a single NFOV image and controlling the degree of freedom of the generated regions using the scene symmetry. To estimate and control the scene symmetry using both a circular shift and flip of the latent image features, we incorporate the intensity of the symmetry as a latent variable into conditional variational autoencoders. Our experiments show that the proposed method can generate various plausible spherical images controlled from symmetric to asymmetric, and can reduce the reconstruction errors of the generated images based on the estimated symmetry.

Spherical Image Generation from a Single Image by Considering Scene Symmetry

Creating a story is difficult. Professional writers often experience a writer's block. Thus, providing automatic support to writers is crucial but also challenging. Recently, in the field of generating and understanding stories, story completion (SC) has been proposed as a method for generating missing parts of an incomplete story. Despite this method's usefulness in providing creative support, its applicability is currently limited because it requires the user to have prior knowledge of the missing part of a story. Writers do not always know which part of their writing is flawed. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel approach called “missing position prediction (MPP).” Given an incomplete story, we aim to predict the position of the missing part. We also propose a novel method for MPP and SC. We first conduct an experiment focusing on MPP, and our analysis shows that highly accurate predictions can be obtained when the missing part of a story is the beginning or the end. This suggests that if a story has a specific beginning or end, they play significant roles. We conduct an experiment on SC using MPP, and our proposed method demonstrates promising results.

Yusuke Mukuta

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