As advances in large language models (LLMs) and multimodal techniques continue to mature, the development of general-purpose multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has surged, offering significant applications in interpreting natural images. However, the field of pathology has largely remained untapped, particularly in gathering high-quality data and designing comprehensive model frameworks. To bridge the gap in pathology MLLMs, we present PathAsst, a multimodal generative foundation AI assistant to revolutionize diagnostic and predictive analytics in pathology. The development of PathAsst involves three pivotal steps:  data acquisition, CLIP model adaptation, and the training of PathAsst's multimodal generative capabilities. Firstly, we collect over 207K high-quality pathology image-text pairs from various authoritative sources. Leveraging the advanced power of ChatGPT, we generate over 180K instruction-following samples. Furthermore, we devise additional instruction-following data specifically tailored for invoking eight pathology-specific sub-models we prepared, allowing the PathAsst to effectively collaborate with these models, enhancing its diagnostic ability. Secondly, by leveraging the collected data, we construct PathCLIP, a pathology-dedicated CLIP, to enhance PathAsst's capabilities in interpreting pathology images. Finally, we integrate PathCLIP with the Vicuna-13b and utilize pathology-specific instruction-tuning data to enhance the multimodal generation capacity of PathAsst and bolster its synergistic interactions with sub-models. The experimental results of PathAsst show the potential of harnessing AI-powered generative foundation model to improve pathology diagnosis and treatment processes. We open-source our dataset, as well as a comprehensive toolkit for extensive pathology data collection and preprocessing at https://github.com/superjamessyx/Generative-Foundation-AI-Assistant-for-Pathology.

PathAsst: A Generative Foundation AI Assistant towards Artificial General Intelligence of Pathology

Point-based cell detection (PCD), which pursues high-performance cell sensing under low-cost data annotation, has garnered increased attention in computational pathology community. Unlike mainstream PCD methods that rely on intermediate density map representations, the Point-to-Point network (P2PNet) has recently emerged as an end-to-end solution for PCD, demonstrating impressive cell detection accuracy and efficiency. Nevertheless, P2PNet is limited to decoding from a single-level feature map due to the scale-agnostic property of point proposals, which is insufficient to leverage multi-scale information. Moreover, the spatial distribution of pre-set point proposals is biased from that of cells, leading to inaccurate cell localization. To lift these limitations, we present DPA-P2PNet in this work. The proposed method directly extracts multi-scale features for decoding according to the coordinates of point proposals on hierarchical feature maps. On this basis, we further devise deformable point proposals to mitigate the positional bias between proposals and potential cells to promote cell localization. Inspired by practical pathological diagnosis that usually combines high-level tissue structure and low-level cell morphology for accurate cell classification, we propose a multi-field-of-view (mFoV) variant of DPA-P2PNet to accommodate additional large FoV images with tissue information as model input. Finally, we execute the first self-supervised pre-training on immunohistochemistry histopathology image data and evaluate the suitability of four representative self-supervised methods on the PCD task. Experimental results on three benchmarks and a large-scale and real-world interval dataset demonstrate the superiority of our proposed models over the state-of-the-art counterparts. Codes and pre-trained weights are available at \url{https://github.com/windygoo/DPA-P2PNet}.

DPA-P2PNet: Deformable Proposal-Aware P2PNet for Accurate Point-Based Cell Detection

Main Track - Computer Vision

technical paper

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The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

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PathAsst: A Generative Foundation AI Assistant towards Artificial General Intelligence of Pathology

DPA-P2PNet: Deformable Proposal-Aware P2PNet for Accurate Point-Based Cell Detection

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