Background: Glycans are carbohydrate structures that can be found embedded within glycoproteins or glycolipids. They play an important role in cell membrane structure, cell signaling, and cell adhesions. Abnormal glycan expression caused by genetic mutations or cellular stressors is known in disease states like cancer. Thus, identifying variations of glycan expression in cancer tissue can be useful for diagnosis and staging. Previous research has shown that breast cancer tumor tissue has abnormal high mannose, complex, and hybrid glycan expression when compared to the surrounding unaffected tissue. The goal of our research is to look specifically at which glycans at different stages of breast cancer were abnormally expressed in tumor tissue when compared to the surrounding unaffected tissue.
Methods: Breast tissue tumor samples were collected from 39 breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and provided for analysis by the Prisma Health Cancer Institute Biorepository. Breast tissue “controls” were collected via sampling of surrounding unaffected tissue of the same breast cancer patients. Samples were analyzed and glycomic profiles were obtained using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectroscopy by the Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core. One-way ANOVA statistical analysis was performed using JMP statistical software.
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Results: Significantly elevated expression of a number of glycans from all three groups (high mannose, complex, and hybrid) was detected in stage I breast cancer tumor tissue when compared with the surrounding unaffected breast tissue (p<0.05). In total, we detected 5 high mannose glycans, 19 complex glycans, and 5 hybrid glycans with significantly elevated expression in stage I breast cancer tumor tissue. when compared to the surrounding unaffected tissue.
Conclusion: Our data supports and expands previous research in the area of glycomic profiling of cancers. High mannose glycans have been shown to be elevated in breast and other, and our findings support this data in specifically stage I breast cancer tissue. Elevated expression of complex and hybrid glycans are interesting findings that could be additional promising breast cancer biomarkers for diagnosis, screening, or treatment. Further research into the cellular function of these glycans in cancer could help better understand how cancer progresses and metastasizes.

Elevated glycan expression in stage I breast cancer tumors

 Hematology / Oncology / Pathology

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