In 2011, with a probing tip functionalized with a CO molecule, internal details of molecular wavefunctions, the nodal structures, was experimentally observed and mapped in real space using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Together with the charge density contours of atomic and molecular wavefunctions directly observed and mapped by STM in the 2000s, wavefunctions are proven to be an observable physical field. A fact is, STM is a non-destructive imaging method, and the measurement process does not disturb the wavefunctions under observation. For many decades, wavefunction has been imagined as an abstract complex subject, not directly observable. The new developments showed that wavefunction is an observable, like electrical and magnetic fields. Those new developments enable a realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics, as advocated by Planck, Einstein, Schrödinger and de Broglie; and enable a significant simplification in teaching and learning quantum mechanics. 

(The original title was **Experimental Observation and Mapping of Atomic and Molecular Wavefunctions: Consequences on the Fundamental Understanding of Quantum Mechanics**). 


Wavefunction Is an Observable Physical Field

According to an elementary concept of Newtonian mechanics, the universe consists of structureless material points, each has an intrinsic mass, representable by a geometrical point and a trajectory r(t) in space. However, it implies an infinite density, that is naïve. In the second half of the 20th century, quantum field theory was established, which correctly describes the universe as consists of continuous fields only. Upon interacting with other fields, mass, energy, and electrical charge are quantized. There are no material points. Nevertheless, in the first half of the 20th century, elementary formulations of quantum mechanics were built upon the naïve concept of material points, where the coordinates r were identified as a dynamic variable or observable, which was the origin of paradoxes in elementary quantum mechanics.  By eliminating the concept of material points and following the modern view that the universe only consists of continuous fields, quantum mechanics becomes free from paradoxes.       
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
References

Frank Wilczek, The Persistence of Ether, Physics Today, January 1999, 11-13. 
Art Hobson. There are no particles, there are only fields, Am. J. Phys, 82 211 (2013).


What the Universe Consists of: Material Points or Continuous Fields?

Scientific knowledge on the physiology of human voice production is the basis for improving voice health as well as diagnosing and treating voice and hearing disorders. According to Max Planck, "Experiments are the only means of knowledge at our disposal. The rest is poetry, imagination." In 1957, French physiologist Philippe Fabre invented the electroglottograph, which can detect the closing and opening of the glottis in vivo. In 1984, Donald Miller and Harm Schutte further placed two pressure sensors immediately above and below the glottis. The simultaneously acquired voice, electroglottograph, as well as the subglottal and supraglottal pressure signals in vivo composed a comprehensive experimental evidence of human voice production. By analyzing the experimental findings using the wave equation of sound, the following facts are established. First, the source of the acoustic energy of human voice is the kinetic energy of moving air in the vocal tract at the instant of a glottal closing. Second, each decaying acoustic wave triggered by a glottal closing contains full information on the timbre of the voice, therefore called a timbron. A sustained voice is the linear superposition of timbrons triggered by a series of glottal closings. Third, pitch period could be defined as the time interval between two consecutive glottal closings. Based on the timbron theory, a pitch-synchronous voice analysis method and programs are developed, which can be applied to improve voice diagnosis and rehabilitation, as well as all of speech technology, including voice transformation, speech coding, speech recognition, and speech synthesis. 

Physiology of human voice production revealed by in-vivo experiments

Quantum mechanics is the centerpiece of modern physics. Teaching quantum mechanics have been difficult because of complex numbers, Hilbert space, and interpretations. We show that a real formulation of quantum mechanics without complex numbers and Hilbert space is included in Schrödinger’s 1926 papers. The legitimacy and advantages of such a real formulation were justified in 1960s. High-caliber quantum mechanics textbooks in real formulation existed since 1970s in France. Experimental observations of atomic and molecular wavefunctions using scanning tunneling microscopy necessitates a real formulation. Practically, in chemical physics and condensed-matter physics, real wavefunctions are sufficient, especially regarding to density-functional theory (DFT). Outlined here is a freshman-sophomore course of real quantum mechanics covering a wide range of applications to dispense with complex numbers and Hilbert space. As shown, the derivation of the real Schrödinger equations is transparent, the mathematics is elementary, and the interpretation is intuitive.

Teach intuitive and practical quantum mechanics with real Schrödinger equations

keynote

Physics and Astronomy World Forum brings together a multi-disciplinary group of academic and industry professionals to present and exchange breakthrough ideas relating to physics and space science. The theme of the conference is “Advancing the Frontiers of Physics Knowledge to Explore the Dynamics of Astronomy” which aims to explore the behavior and structure of matter and energy to study the universe.

Physics and Astronomy World Forum 2021

Physics and Astronomy World Forum brings together a multi-disciplinary group of academic and industry professionals to present and exchange breakthrough ideas relating to physics and space science. 

The forum aims to promote current research and share experiences among the participants through discussions, presentations and contributions on a more internationally competitive platform. The conference brings together eminent scientists, astronomers, researchers, students, industry leaders and education practitioners on a global platform to enhance physics and astronomy research and practice and to study the role of physics in helping us understand how the universe behaves.

International Forum on Physics and Astronomy 2022

The forum aims to promote current research and share experiences among the participants through discussions, presentations and contributions on a more internationally competitive platform. 

World ENT Congress 2022 is an international conference that encourages effective knowledge transfer and best practices experts from around all the world. ENT 2022 is organized by the International Community and hosted by the SunText Reviews.

The World ENT Congress aims to strengthen the participants’ action and impact on national, regional, and international scales through a multidisciplinary program that features the integration of new technologies in the field of scientific improvements in ENT and Otorhinolaryngology.

World ENT Congress 2022 is scheduled in the Disney World and Universal Orlando. Orlando, being one of the centers for research, education, and science in the USA, we will try to bring the maximum number of Academicians, Researchers and Innovators, Experts, Industrialists, Professors, Researchers, Students, and Technical Staff, Engineers and Delegates, Product Developers, Solution Providers, Sales & Marketing Professionals, Associations, Societies, & Professional Bodies, Directors/Co-Directors of Research-based companies, and workshop teams to provide a better understanding of the field. 

World ENT Congress 2022

The World ENT Congress aims to strengthen the participants' action and impact on national, regional, and international scales through a multidisciplinary program that features the integration of new technologies in the field of scientific improvements in ENT and Otorhinolaryngology.

PAR-E.03 Introductory Physics Courses I

technical paper

The 2020 AAPT Virtual Summer Meeting brought together physics educators from around the globe to learn about the latest in physics theory, research methodology and education from leaders in their field. The program featured plenary speakers, sessions, workshops and many special activities.

For more information please visit the 2020 AAPT Virtual Summer Meeting page at: https://www.aapt.org/Conferences/SM2020/index.cfm.


AAPT SM 20

The 2020 AAPT Virtual Summer Meeting brought together physics educators from around the globe to learn about the latest in physics theory, research methodology and education from leaders in their field. 

Julian Chen

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Presentations

Wavefunction Is an Observable Physical Field

What the Universe Consists of: Material Points or Continuous Fields?

Physiology of human voice production revealed by in-vivo experiments

Teach intuitive and practical quantum mechanics with real Schrödinger equations

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