Spaced-repetition and active retrieval-based practices consistently demonstrate improvement in cognition and retention of a large volume of information. Anki is an application that capitalizes upon these techniques and is increasingly utilized by medical students for exam preparation. While both spaced-repetition and active retrieval have been shown to improve long-term memory, there is little research on using Anki supplementary to medical curricula. This study examines how Anki utilization affects performance on standardized exams alongside analyzing individual Anki statistics to track markers of quality usage. Secondary goals include a qualitative assessment of the Anki, including its effect on student test confidence and preparedness.

In July 2021, medical students received training on using Anki alongside longitudinal support throughout the year. Following completion of Boonshoft School of Medicine academic curricula, data was obtained from the exams: Origins, Host and Defense (H&D), Staying Alive (SA), and the Complete Basic Science Exam (CBSE). Variables included: (1) student generated information from individual Anki-user statistics, submitted via Qualtrics; (2) nationally standardized exams stored in the Department of Medical Education; and (3) Qualtrics surveys on perceived ease-of-use at course end points.

Of the 130 students from the Class of 2025, 78 students reported using Anki for at least one of the exams, and 52 students were not in any of the four datasets. MCAT scores were used as a controlling measure when analyzing test scores to diminish confounders of natural intelligence and test-taking ability. Anki users scored significantly higher (95% CI) across all for exams: Origins (6.37%; p<0.001); H&D (6.15%; p=0.002); SA (7.01%; p<0.002); and CBSE (12.9%; p=0.003). Additionally, students who reported higher confidence or Anki dependency performed significantly better on the CBSE (ANOVA p=0.008, R2 = 74.8%).

Students more dependent on Anki performed significantly better on standardized examinations. Of interest, Anki efficacy was more pronounced in exams requiring greater bouts of knowledge, emphasizing the importance of long-term retention practices for board exams. In summary, greater integration, training, and longitudinal support of Anki may improve foundational biomedical knowledge and standardized exam scores.

From Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Knowledge: A Modified Learning Approach to First-Year Medical Education

Medical Education Innovation | Other

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AMA Research Challenge 2022

Welcome to the largest national, multi-specialty research event featuring research from 750 medical students, residents and fellows, and international medical graduates.


Garrett Brittain

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From Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Knowledge: A Modified Learning Approach to First-Year Medical Education

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