Bisphenols enter the environment from the production and degradation of plastics, and are ubiquitous pollutants with endocrine disrupting effects. Thyroid hormones are key regulators of vertebrate metabolism and muscle function, and represent one of many endocrine targets disrupted by bisphenol S (BPS). Our aim was to test whether BPS disrupts locomotor performance in zebrafish in a thyroid-dependent manner. First, we established that BPS at an environmentally relevant concentration impaired swimming performance (Ucrit). We then conducted two subsequent but separate, fully factorial experiments using BPS exposure (present and absent) and induced hypothyroidism (hypo- and normo- thyroid) as factors to assess mitochondrial function and muscle protein composition as potential mechanisms by which BPS could disrupt locomotor performance. Hypothyroidism but not BPS exposure reduced maximal substrate oxidation and proton leak. Metrics of mitochondrial efficiency were not impact by BPS exposure but were altered by both temperature and hypothyroidism. BPS exposure decreased AMPK activity (pAMPK/AMPKtotal) in skeletal muscle but increased fast myosin heavy chain (MHC) proteins. BPS exposure did not strongly impact slow MHC or myosin enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). Hypothyroidism decreased AMPK activity, and increased fast and slow MHC and MEF2 so that BPS and hypothyroidism affected muscle in the same direction. Since AMPK activity is important to sustained exercise, the BPS-induced decrease in AMPK activity could explain the observed decrease in swimming performance.

Bisphenol S Exposure reduces locomotor function by affecting muscle function but not mitochondria

Organisms are complex networks of interacting reactions that are exquisitely synchronised by hormones. Hormones regulate any facet of biological organisation, including many physiological functions and life history from embryonic development to reproduction. The effects of environmental changes on biological functions are often mediated and moderated by hormones. For example, animal responses to natural cycles in temperature and light are mediated by thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids mediate responses to environmental stress, and androgens and oestrogens regulate reproductive cycles to match environmental signals. Anthropogenic endocrine disruptors, such as chemicals used in plastic manufacture and light-at-night, therefore can have massive ramifications for fundamental biological processes. This symposium focuses on endocrine responses to environmental variability, including the interaction between natural variation and anthropogenic drivers. These interactions are novel in natural environments and represent an emerging field that will be of interest to a broad cross-section of researchers.  

A11: Endocrine-mediated responses to environmental variability 

technical paper

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SEB Annual Conference 2022

2022 will find over 1500 experimental biologists from across the globe converging on the third-largest French city near the Mediterranean coast and the fastest-growing city in the country over the past 25 years - Montpellier, France

Alexander Rubin

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Bisphenol S Exposure reduces locomotor function by affecting muscle function but not mitochondria

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