Rare-earth iron garnets, a ferrimagnetic insulator, have received attention for their many properties including small damping and tunable magnetization and angular momentum compensation temperatures. Most research efforts have been focused on garnet thin films grown on the (111) plane because of their perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), and the in-plane anisotropy, however neglected, can be important for our understanding of the switching behavior and the energetics of magnetic textures. In-plane anisotropy can be conveniently explored in garnet thin films on (110) planes. Here we combine a theoretical and experimental analysis of the anisotropy landscape for Europium iron garnet (EuIG) epitaxially grown on (110) Gadolinium Gallium garnet (GGG) using pulsed laser deposition. 

The angular dependence of anisotropy is calculated by combining the individual contributions including magnetocrystalline anisotropy, magnetoelastic anisotropy, shape anisotropy and growth-induced anisotropy, which may contribute for non-ideal stoichiometry. This predicts an easy axis out of plane along [110], with hard and intermediate axes in plane along [001] and [1-10] respectively. The anisotropy landscape is probed with vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) measurements. The SMR result is simulated and fitted to a Stoner-Wohlfarth model. The experimental measurements yield the expected hard and easy axes but the model requires additional multi-domain consideration to capture the hysteresis behavior when the external field is swept along the intermediate in-plane axis. Understanding the in-plane anisotropy effect, especially the unexpected hysteresis in in-plane direction for a PMA film could have help with the interpretation of the switching behavior. 
**References:** 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/63c6aed2fe471bacc1d3440ce0a33059.png) 
Fig. 1 (a) VSM measurement along the in-plane easy (IP 35, [1-10]), in-plane hard (-55, [001]) and out-of-plane (OP, [110]) axes. (b) Left: Principal anisotropy axis definition in EuIG and setup for Stoner Wohlfarth simulation. Right: 3D polar plot for anisotropy landscape in EuIG. (c) SMR measurement for field swept along the hard anisotropy axis, with fit (red). (d) SMR measurement for field swept along the intermediate anisotropy axis.

Anisotropy Landscape Analysis in (110) Rare earth Iron Garnet Films

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is a property of magnetic films which allows for high-density data storage in spintronic applications. In rare earth iron garnets, PMA typically originates from magnetoelastic anisotropy either as a result of film strain due to lattice mismatch with a single crystal garnet substrate or from thermal mismatch upon annealing1. However, PMA derived from magnetoelastic anisotropy requires specific combinations of strain state and magnetostriction coefficients, so there is interest in finding new ways to control PMA in thin films. In this study we demonstrate that PMA can also be obtained from a dominant growth-induced anisotropy (GIA) using europium thulium iron garnet (EuTmIG) as a model material. By varying the ratio of Eu to Tm, the lattice parameter of the garnet can be changed, resulting in films which are under compression or tension on a gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate, as shown in Fig. 1 with high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analysis. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), shown in Fig. 2, indicates that PMA is present in all films regardless of strain state. We propose that PMA in the zero-strain film is attributed to GIA due to the preferential ordering of different rare earth ions on inequivalent lattice sites within the garnet2. Additionally, we quantify GIA and spin transport in the films with spin hall magnetoresistance measurements on Pt/EuTmIG hall crosses. This work shows that precise engineering of the structure of these high quality films creates new methods for control of garnet thin film properties for spintronic applications.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/4ca3d887128a3f5963a08aed3388a341.jpg)

Fig. 1. HRXRD of the (444) symmetric reflection of ~25 nm EuIG, TmIG and Eu0.7Tm2.3Fe5O12 films on (111) GGG substrates show tensile, compressive, and near zero strain states, respectivley, as shown by the relative position of the film and substrate peaks.


![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/92fab549d605d7cf75d3aa45236e89fd.jpg)

Fig 2. PMA is evident in out-of-plane VSM of all films, regardless of the magnitude of magnetoelastic anisotropy.

Growth-Induced Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Thin Film Rare Earth Iron Garnets

JOB: Ferrites, Garnets and Magneto-Dielectric Materials I

technical paper

#### Welcome to the 67th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, MMM 2022!

The Conference was held from October 31 to November 4 and offers both in-person and on-demand content.

MMM 2022 is sponsored jointly by AIP Publishing and the IEEE Magnetics Society. Members of the international scientific and engineering communities interested in recent developments in fundamental and applied magnetism are invited to attend and contribute to the technical sessions. The technical program will include invited and contributed papers in oral and poster sessions, invited symposia, a tutorial, and several special sessions. This Conference provides an outstanding opportunity for worldwide participants to meet their colleagues and collaborators and discuss developments in all areas of magnetism research.

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pf-user-files-01/u-59356/uploads/2022-11-02/un13zp7/MMM%20Welcome%20Video%20v5.mp4" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

For tickets to the event, please register at the following link: https://magnetism.org/registration

Please register for the MMM 2022 conference to join the event.

MMM 2022

This Conference provides an outstanding opportunity for worldwide participants to meet their colleagues and collaborators and discuss developments in all areas of magnetism research.

**Session chair:** Paul Ohodnicki, University of Pittsburgh



COC - Soft Magnetic Materials III: Ferrites

The 15th Joint MMM-INTERMAG Conference (2022 Joint) is sponsored jointly by AIP Publishing and the IEEE Magnetics Society. Members of the international scientific and engineering communities interested in recent developments in fundamental and applied magnetism are invited to attend and contribute to the technical sessions. The technical program will include invited and contributed papers in oral and poster sessions, invited symposia, a plenary session, and an evening session, with about 1500 presentations overall. This Conference provides an outstanding opportunity for worldwide participants to meet their colleagues and collaborators and discuss developments in all areas of magnetism research.

The 2022 Joint Conference will offer both in-person and prerecorded on-demand content.

For tickets to the event, please register at the following link: https://magnetism.org/register

Allison Kaczmarek

2

35

SHORT BIO

Presentations

Anisotropy Landscape Analysis in (110) Rare earth Iron Garnet Films

Growth-Induced Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Thin Film Rare Earth Iron Garnets

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES