**Abstract:**

New Zealand (NZ) has been called the 'seabird capital of the world', with nearly 25% of the world's species occurring there, and 10 % of global seabird species only breeding in NZ. Seabirds play a key role in coastal and terrestrial ecosystems by importing marine sources of phosphorus. In New Zealand ecosystems this role is particularly important as phosphorus is a limiting nutrient, making seabirds a key agent for nutrient cycling. Despite contemporary seabird diversity and abundance appearing high in NZ, the fossil bone record reveals they were more abundant before human arrival c. 750 years ago and the subsequent plethora of mammalian predators that have been introduced in the last 200 years. The rapid demise of seabirds has meant that little is known about where they used to breed around NZ and the degree of their influence on native ecosystems, although in some places it is clear that some nutrient fluxes have collapsed. Here, I present species distribution models of contemporary and prehuman breeding sites for NZ's seabirds built using presence-only data. We collated records of seabird breeding colonies and aggregated them into functionally similar groups. Contemporary seabird presence data were combined with climatic and environmental predictors to predict the distribution of each functional group. The results of these present-day models were then used to hindcast onto prehuman paleo-environmental conditions (> 1000 ybp) to create maps of the distribution of each functional group. Understanding the past and present distributions of seabird colonies will inform us of which habitats they favour for breeding and the processes that have restricted their current breeding grounds. These distributions can also be used to guide conservation management decisions regarding the most suitable sites for habitat restoration and translocation. Moreover, identifying past and present breeding sites will provide a basis for characterizing the change in nutrient flux dynamics, which are an integral component of NZs forest ecosystems.

**Authors:**

André Bellvé¹, Janet Wilmshurst¹, Jamie Wood², Edin Whitehead³, Chris Gaskin⁴, George Perry³

¹University of Auckland / Manaaki Whenua, ²Manaaki Whenua, ³University of Auckland, ⁴Northern New Zealand Seabird Trust

Burrowing into the past: Reconstructing the prehuman distribution of New Zealands seabirds

**Session Replay:** [Click here](https://zoom.us/rec/share/2tGhIGGhVjQ6Uv8AXhrkgVe-iBMmCDkf2_zfgy_bhejS1uQHE492li07wWHdn39W.slmeBm_JUI3KHHPV?startTime=1633556610000)<br><br>

<i>**Session Chair: **Akiko Shoji </i><br><br> 
<i>**Technical Session Chair: ** Bungo Nishizawa</i><br><br> 


Biology & Breeding/Non-Breeding Biology III

technical paper

Welcome Seabirders!  

Welcome to Virtual World Seabird Conference 3 - vWSC3! Whether you are in your office or lab, at home, in a coffee shop or bar poaching some wifi, or at a remote field site or research vessel – we are very excited to welcome you to the third ever World Seabird Conference. 

We would like to thank ALL of you for being so patient as WSC3 was scheduled, postponed, rescheduled, revised to virtual, and scheduled again. Throughout all those iterations there was one message that remained perfectly clear – seabirders were eager to meet and share their science. If we could not meet in person then virtual it would have to be, but a 3rd WSC was something everyone wanted. That support and commitment helped the WSU Board of Directors and Member Societies sort through all of the challenges they faced to plan and hold this conference. 

The list of those that need to be thanked is long and, while we plan on recognizing many during the live closing plenary, it is important to do so here in writing as well. 

The Australasian Seabird Group was our Local Host for our plan to meet in Hobart, Tasmania. They invested substantial time and effort to find venues and plan events that we unfortunately were not able to visit. Nonetheless we appreciate their work on behalf of WSC3 and encourage all of you to thank them when you see their members in Gathertown or elsewhere during our virtual meeting. Their willingness to host created the initial excitement for WSC3 and without that our vWSC would not have been possible.

We also wish to thank the Science Program Committee, the Virtual Committee, and the Early Career Scientist Committee for their hard work planning the logistics, events, and schedule for vWSC3. These committees also had to deal with changing parameters and short timelines that made what is always a challenging task even more challenging. The Travel Awards Committee also invested time and effort in developing procedures for awarding travel funds that ultimately would not be implemented. 

Our ability to shift from an in-person to a virtual meeting, and to do so in a way that would be financially feasible, was due to the effective efforts of The International Fundraising Committee and to our financial sponsors. The IFC raised funds to support WSC3 and then, through the good relationships they built with sponsors, ensured we could re-envision how those funds could be used to support a virtual conference that would be affordable and high-quality.

We all owe the WSU Board of Directors and the Representatives of the Member Societies a great deal of thanks. They are the ones who manage the WSU and, for the past 18 months, have had to have a series of challenging meetings and conversations, have had to make a series of difficult choices, have had to do all of that while considering the short- and long-term health of WSU and the World Seabird Conferences, and did this while also managing their own challenges at their day jobs. We are grateful for their diligence, patience, foresight, and throughout all of the meetings, their collegiality. Also – a 6-year term is quite a commitment!

There would not be a WSC3 without a successful WSC1 and WSC2. Thanks go to the Pacific Seabird Group for their support of WSC1 in Victoria, Canada, and to the African Seabird Group for their support of WSC2 in Cape Town, South Africa. In each of these endeavors and for our current conference we were fortunate to work with a dependable and trustworthy partner in Podium Conferences. Michelle Smith and Marischal de Armond have become valued members of our team and have not only helped us plan conferences but have assisted and advised the WSU Chairs and Board on issues above and beyond conference planning. 

As we embark on our vWSC3 week we extend to all of you our thanks for showing up, for being patient, and most importantly for the work you do with seabirds. We are all part of a unique, global community that shares an interest, a fascination, and a passion for birds that make a living in our world’s oceans. We have advanced the science, conservation, and management of seabirds as well the ecosystems they inhabit. We are consistently impressed and motivated by the work you do. 

The WSU formed in 2010 because we saw the need for a global organization to address challenges at a global level. Over the past 11 years WSU has grown, adapted, and evolved to become the community that this week is making vWSC3 a reality. Enjoy the week, appreciate and support the friends and colleagues you have made in the community, and if you see us in a virtual hallway please stop and say hello! 

Thank you for the opportunity to serve all of you and the WSU over the past few years,

Nicholas Carlile, Interim Chair, WSU<br>
Patrick Jodice, 2nd Chair of the WSU<br><br>

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3rd World Seabird Conference

Join us for four days of science, networking and virtual engagement with delegates from around the world!

André Bellvé

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Burrowing into the past: Reconstructing the prehuman distribution of New Zealands seabirds

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