Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are often disposed by conventional waste disposal methods which are environmentally unfriendly. As such, we aim to maximize the potential of SCGs for coffee oil and as a filler material for bio-based composites. Approximately 10 % of coffee oil was successfully extracted from the SCGs. Its chemical composition was evaluated and was proven to exhibit radical scavenging activity. Afterwards, the extracted SCGs (ESCGs) were added as fillers into epoxy resin to form ESCG composites. Although the composites displayed lower mechanical properties relative to epoxy, improvements were seen for ESCG composites in comparison to SCG composites. Composites filled with acetone ESCGs demonstrated the most improvement with tensile strength, flexural modulus and flexural strength up to 23.4 MPa, 3.02 GPa and 42.9 MPa respectively. This work suggests an alternative method to repurpose common food waste while moving towards a more sustainable future.

An environmental alternative to composites using waste coffee grounds

1) Lignin is a complex polymer found in plants as well as a common by-product from the paper mills. Due to its abundant phenol groups, lignin is often exploited for UV capabilities1,2 . 2) Nanodiamonds (ND) are the result of controlled explosion that were discovered to have promising potential. 3) Lignin and ND were functionalised and coupled as a complex for sunscreen actives (Fig. 1). The relationship and enhanced performances were investigated.

Exploiting industrial waste for UV blocking applications

**Session Chair: **Jason Lim, Li Zibiao 
	**Poster Judges: **Li Bofan and Wang Pei

SYM B - Re-cyclability and Re-manufacturing

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MATERIALS FOR HUMANITY (MH 21)

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**Session Chair: **Warintorn Thitsartarn, Kai Dan, Zhu Qiang 
	**Poster Judges**: Li Bofan and Wang Pei

Pek Yin Michelle Yew

2

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An environmental alternative to composites using waste coffee grounds

Exploiting industrial waste for UV blocking applications

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