Graphene/ferromagnet interfaces have exhibited various unusual spin-orbit coupling(SOC) related effects despite very small SOC strength of graphene[1-3]. Here we have investigated femtosecond laser induced spin dynamics using an all-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect(TR-MOKE) magnetometry in sputter-deposited CoFeB thin films on chemical-vapor-deposition grown single-layer graphene(SLG) by varying the thickness of CoFeB from 1.5 to 6 nm[4]. The ultrafast demagnetization time(τm) extracted using three-temperature modelling(Fig. 1(a)) show a monotonic variation with CoFeB thickness(Fig. 1(b)). The Gilbert damping parameter(α) is directly extracted from the decaying amplitude of precessional oscillation(Fig. 1(c)). We have modelled the CoFeB-thickness-dependent α to estimate the effective spin-mixing conductance(Geff) and two-magnon scattering coefficient(βTMS) for SLG/CoFeB interface(Fig. 1(d)) which revealed spin pumping(SP) [4] as the dominant contributor to modulation of α(Fig. 1(e)). Furthermore, we have observed an inverse relationship between τm and α for SLG/CoFeB heterostructures(Fig. 1(f)) due to the dominance of SP-induced nonlocal spin-transport mechanism[4]. To disentangle other possible interface contributions to the damping such as spin memory loss(SML), we have inserted a 1-nm-thick Cu spacer layer between the SLG and CoFeB. Negligible damping modulation by the insertion of Cu spacer between SLG and CoFeB confirms that additional effects like SML are absent in our system. In summary, this study has provided a qualitative understanding of different ultrafast spin manipulation mechanisms in a graphene-based heterostructure, which can lead towards the next-generation graphene-based ultrafast spintronics devices. AB acknowledges the financial assistance from S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences(SNBNCBS), India under Project SNB/AB/11-12/96 and SNB/AB/18-19/211. SNP, SM, SC and ArB acknowledge SNBNCBS for respective fellowship.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/2365a212e2a849241df3b94e8286c456.jpg)

Fig. 1(a) Ultrafast demagnetization in SLG/CoFeB(d) (b) Evolution of τm with d (c) Precessional oscillations at H=3.59 kOe (d) Evolution of α fitted with a phenomenological model (e) Variation of 1/τm as a function of α (f) Contributions of SP and TMS to α.

Correlation between Femtosecond Laser Induced Spin Current and Spin Dynamics at the Single Layer Graphene/CoFeB Thin Films

In recent years, artificial spin ice (ASI) systems have seen burgeoning interest due to their intriguing physics and potential applications in reprogrammable memory, logic and reconfigurable magnonics [1-2]. As the field progresses, direct in-depth comparisons of distinct artificial spin systems are crucial to advancing the field. While studies have investigated the effects of different lattice geometries, little comparison exists between systems comprising continuously connected nanostructures, where spin-waves (SWs) propagate via dipole-exchange interaction, and systems with nanobars disconnected at vertices where SW propagation occurs via stray dipolar-field. Here, we study the magnonic response of two kagome spin ices, a continuously connected system (c-ASI) and a disconnected system (d-ASI) with vertex gaps via Brillouin light scattering (BLS) (see Fig. 1(a) for schematic) and micromagnetic simulation [3]. Array of 25-nm-thick Ni80Fe20 (Py) kagome ASI were fabricated using electron-beam lithography and lift-off process. For both samples, the nanobars have length (l) and width (w) of 300 nm and 80 nm, respectively and d-ASI has a 50 nm vertex gap (Figs. 1(b,c)). Bias magnetic field (H) dependent SW spectra (Figs. 1(d,g)) measured by BLS reveal that both c-ASI and d-ASI exhibit frequency minimum, occurring at negative bias magnetic fields, when ramped down from a positive saturation field. A sharp jump in the mode frequencies was observed beyond the minima, linked to bar reversal via the switching field observed from the magneto-optical Kerr effect loops and the corresponding mixed magnetization state of nanobars aligned parallel and anti-parallel to the magnetic bias field. Furthermore, we elucidate striking differences in spatial mode-localization and mode quantization between dipole-exchange-mediated c-ASI and dipolar-coupled d-ASI (Figs. 1(e,f) and 1(h,i)). These observations are pertinent for the fundamental understanding of artificial spin systems and broader design and engineering of reconfigurable functional magnonic crystals.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/760d0a123abfca6bca5645ed091efa1f.jpg)

Figure 1(a) Schematic of the BLS measurement geometry. (b,c) SEM images. (d-i) SW mode frequencies as a function of H together with the phase profiles for M1 and M3.

Comparison of Spin-Wave Modes in Connected and Disconnected Artificial Spin Ice Nanostructures using Brillouin Light Scattering

**Session chair:** Gregory Malinowski, Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine



HOB - Femtosecond Excitation of Magnetism

technical paper

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This Conference provides an outstanding opportunity for worldwide participants to meet their colleagues and collaborators and discuss developments in all areas of magnetism research.

**Session chair:** Yi Li, Argonne National Laboratory


Anjan Barman

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SHORT BIO

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Correlation between Femtosecond Laser Induced Spin Current and Spin Dynamics at the Single Layer Graphene/CoFeB Thin Films

Comparison of Spin-Wave Modes in Connected and Disconnected Artificial Spin Ice Nanostructures using Brillouin Light Scattering

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