Natural language serves as the primary mode of communication when an intelligent agent with a physical presence engages with human beings. While a plethora of research focuses on natural language understanding (NLU), encompassing endeavors such as sentiment analysis, intent prediction, question answering, and summarization, the scope of NLU directed at situations necessitating tangible actions by an embodied agent remains limited. The inherent ambiguity and incompleteness inherent in natural language present challenges for intelligent agents striving to decipher human intention. To tackle this predicament head-on, we introduce a novel system known as \textbf{t}ask and \textbf{a}rgument \textbf{g}rounding for \textbf{E}mbodied agents (\system). At its core, our system employs an inventive neural network model designed to extract a series of tasks from complex task instructions expressed in natural language. Our proposed model adopts an encoder-decoder framework enriched with nested decoding to effectively extract tasks and their corresponding arguments from these intricate instructions. These extracted tasks are then mapped (or grounded) to the robot's established collection of skills, while the arguments find grounding in objects present within the environment. To facilitate the training and evaluation of our system, we have curated a dataset featuring complex instructions. The results of our experiments underscore the prowess of our approach, as it outperforms robust baseline models.

tagE: Enabling an Embodied Agent to Understand Human Instructions​

A key contribution to being a successful researcher in natural language processing, as in any area, is having a clear overarching vision of what your body of research is trying to accomplish. Using my own 40-year career as an example, I will attempt to provide general advice on formulating and pursuing a coherent research vision. In particular, I will focus on formulating a unique, personal objective that exploits your specific talents, knowledge, and passions, and that is distinct from the current popular trends in the field. I will also focus on formulating a vision that bridges existing fields of study to produce an overarching agenda that unifies previously disparate ideas.

The Vision Thing: Finding and Pursuing your Research Passion

Transliteration is very important in the Indian
language context due to the usage of multi-
ple scripts and the widespread use of roman-
ized inputs. However, few training and evalu-
ation sets are publicly available. We introduce
Aksharantar1, the largest publicly available
transliteration dataset for Indian languages cre-
ated by mining from monolingual and paral-
lel corpora, as well as collecting data from hu-
man annotators. The dataset contains 26 mil-
lion transliteration pairs for 21 Indic lan-
guages from 3 language families using 12
scripts. Aksharantar is 21 times larger than ex-
isting datasets and is the first publicly available
dataset for 7 languages and 1 language fam-
ily. We also introduce the Aksharantar testset
comprising 103k word pairs spanning 19 lan-
guages that enables a fine-grained analysis of
transliteration models on native origin words,
foreign words, frequent words, and rare words.
Using the training set, we trained IndicXlit,
a multilingual transliteration model that im-
proves accuracy by 15% on the Dakshina test
set, and establishes strong baselines on the Ak-
sharantar testset introduced in this work. The
models, mining scripts, transliteration guide-
lines, and datasets are available at https://
github.com/AI4Bharat/IndicXlit under
open-source licenses.

Aksharantar: Open Indic-language Transliteration datasets and models for the Next Billion Users

As the media landscape evolves, the study of news framing, key to shaping public opinion, has expanded. Our study presents a methodology for framing analysis in Spanish media using NLP to uncover the cultural and political factors shaping narratives. This method enhances linguistic inclusivity in framing studies and highlights Spanish media's role in public opinion, showing NLP's utility in diverse linguistic contexts and contributing to a more comprehensive global media analysis.

Cross-Linguistic Framing Analysis: Unveiling Political and Cultural Narratives in Spanish-Language News

Music therapy is a recognized field of therapeutic intervention used in a diverse variety of contexts, including hospital settings, retirement homes, palliative care, and community programs. It leverages intrinsic qualities of music to address mental health issues and enhance overall mental health. A challenge for music therapists working in hospice is lack of suitable musical repertoires, called “music unpreparedness”. This study aims to use a machine learning model to evaluate repertoires and predict their effects on an individual’s mental health given their age and mental health condition, if any. Streaming services such as Spotify can also implement this model to improve the overall effects of services on listeners’ mental health–for instance, promoting playlists that will likely improve, rather than worsen, the user’s mental health on their home page. To train the model, an open-access dataset was used containing features such as favorite genre, age, and mental health condition. Categorical variables including ‘Fav genre’ and ‘Frequency [genre]’ were prepared using one-hot encoding and the dataset was split into training and testing sets, using a stratified approach to maintain the distribution of mental health conditions and music preferences. A decision tree model was chosen due to its interpretability and ability to handle categorical data. The model was trained with the entropy criterion and a maximum depth of 6, achieving a training accuracy of 82% and a validation accuracy of 75%. Key features influencing the model included listening hours/frequency, favorite genres, and mental health condition levels. The model provides insights into how these factors contribute to the perceived effect of music on mental health, offering valuable predictions that can enhance therapeutic interventions and user experiences on streaming platforms. Future improvements include incorporating more diverse datasets to improve the model's generalizability. Additionally, other machine learning algorithms can be explored to enhance prediction accuracy.

Predictive Models on the Therapeutic Effects of Diverse Music Repertoires on Mental Health

The increasing prevalence of mental health disorders necessitates innovative approaches to early detection and intervention. Social media platforms like Reddit provide a rich source of textual data that can be leveraged to identify mental health issues based on user-generated content. This study aims to classify mental health disorders by analyzing Reddit comments. The dataset used is Reddit SuicideWatch and Mental Health Collection that includes 54,412 posts, which are classified into several mental health disorders. After that, preprocessing steps were done, which includes tokenization, padding, word embeddings, and handling imbalance data. Then, a Custom-CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and a Custom- RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) were used to classify the data. These evaluation metrics were then used to evaluate the models: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC AUC Score. Notable results are that the RNN has a higher accuracy of 0.65 compared to 0.64 by CNN. In addition, both RNN and CNN also have high ROC AUC scores of 0.88 and 0.87 respectively. In conclusion, the results show that the models are good at differentiating one class from another, however, both models have problems accurately classifying the correct mental health disorder from the texts. This shows promise as the models can definitely be improved with better and more balanced data, and exploration on LLMs (Large Language Models) can also be valuable for this study and issue. In addition to that, those improvements can be applied to the act of intervention by integrating it to technology such as a conversational AI or wearable actuators that have the ability to predict and prevent through real-time monitoring.

Utilizing Deep Learning Techniques for Mental Disorder Prediction and Support Using Reddit Data

Substance treatment programs are essential for addressing substance addiction issues. Several considerations may explain why completion rates are lower than predicted. Previous studies have emphasized the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on treatment outcomes. However, there is insufficient research on utilizing advanced machine learning algorithms to predict adherence and discover trends in large datasets, particularly considering mental health concerns. The dataset was obtained from SAMHSA which contains extensive information on demographics, geography, education, employment, drug history, mental health status, and treatment outcomes. The study uses sophisticated machine learning algorithms to predict adherence to drug therapies, employing Random Forest and XGBoost models to identify significant characteristics influencing patient treatment completion. These models are quite accurate and could improve treatment outcomes through personalized methods. We investigated Random Forest and XGBoost models using cross-validation and several metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC. The Random Forest model achieved an accuracy of 85%, with a precision of 80%, recall of 82%, an F1-score of 81%, and an AUC-ROC score of 0.88. The XGBoost model performed even better, with an accuracy of 87%, precision of 82%, recall of 84%, an F1-score of 83%, and an AUC-ROC score of 0.90. Key predictors of treatment adherence included age, marital status, employment status, mental health status, and the number of previous treatment episodes. We also observed significant disparities in adherence rates among ethnic minorities and individuals with lower educational levels. The research shows that machine learning algorithms may accurately predict adherence to drug treatment programs. The identified predictors provide useful information for creating focused, individualized treatment methods. Future studies should use longitudinal data to evaluate post-treatment results and investigate other socioeconomic and psychological aspects. Healthcare practitioners may employ machine learning to enhance intervention efficacy, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the social impact of substance misuse.


Improving Prediction Adherence to Mental Health Treatment Programs Using Machine Learning Algorithms

We utilized the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset for the following observational machine learning (ML) study. In contrast to recent literature using ML to predict specific outcomes, we used causal machine learning (CML) algorithms (LRSRegressors, DRLearner, Rlearner, Xregressor, and Tregressor) to quantify the cause-and-effect relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and two different mental health targets (number of bad mental health days and whether the respondent had a depressive disorder). Specifically, we report each ACE’s average treatment effect (ATE) on each target. We also used Uplift Random Forest trees to calculate uplift scores. We found that growing up in a household where one parent had a depressive disorder and being forced into unwanted sex had the most significant effects on our chosen mental health targets. Growing up in a household where one parent had a depressive disorder increased the likelihood of being diagnosed with a depressive disorder by 30% and added 5.07 days of bad mental health in the last month. Repeatedly being forced to have sex added 5.77 days of poor mental health and increased the likelihood of being diagnosed with a depressive disorder by 33%. Uplift modeling indicated that individuals over 35 years of age earning under $100,000 USD annually were most susceptible to the effects of a parent diagnosed with depression by a factor of 1.1 compared to the average population. Male college graduates over 44 years of age earning under $100,000 USD were found to be most susceptible to the effects of childhood sexual abuse by a factor of 1.38. Future research should refine these models and employ more complicated algorithms to gain accurate, interpretable measurements and to understand the relationship between ACEs and mental health.

Quantifying Childhood Trauma: Causal Machine Learning Approaches to Mental Health Outcomes

Depression and suicidal thoughts are significant mental health concerns frequently expressed on social media platforms like Reddit. This study uses advanced machine learning techniques to analyze and classify posts from the Reddit dataset to identify and categorize high-risk content. By employing Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling, we identify common themes in the posts, such as expressions of despair and cries for help [1]. We then apply clustering algorithms to group similar posts, uncovering underlying patterns and providing insights into frequent triggers and shared experiences [2]. We use classification models to accurately categorize posts and detect those indicating severe distress, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Neural Networks [3]. This methodology is implemented in a web application designed to provide real-time categorization of new posts, aiding mental health professionals and social media moderators in quickly identifying and responding to high-risk content. The application invites users to interact, processing their inputs via a text box. Visualization tools, such as 2D and 3D scatter plots, clearly display the data, allowing users to understand how posts are categorized and fit into broader trends [4]. This research improves our understanding of how mental health issues are expressed on social media, highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics in creating practical intervention tools. Our approach demonstrates the potential of combining psychological assessment with sophisticated computational methods to develop a comprehensive system that benefits research and individual users.

Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Early Detection and Classification of Depression and Suicidal Tendencies on Social Media

Mental health issues are increasingly being addressed through machine learning techniques, which offer new possibilities for analyzing and understanding psychological conditions. This study focuses on detecting depression severity using advanced natural language processing (NLP) and sentiment analysis algorithms. Leveraging the capabilities of machine learning, we aim to provide a robust framework for assessing mental health by analyzing social media data. Our approach involves the use of three distinct models: EMOTION ENGLISH DISTILROBERTA-BASE for extracting emotional features, MULTIWD for assessing various dimensions of wellness, and Vader for sentiment analysis. These models generate a comprehensive feature set, which is then used to compute depression severity, categorized into five levels—Minimal, Mild, Moderate, Moderately Severe, and Severe—based on the PHQ-9 questionnaire. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we compared the calculated severity classes with results from Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling and K-Means clustering for numerical feature-based classification. Our findings indicate that K-Means clustering achieved a 76% accuracy in aligning severity classes, which surpasses the LDA accuracy 63%. This suggests that numerical features may offer more reliable clustering for mental health severity than topic-based methods. This study highlights the potential of combining NLP and sentiment analysis techniques in mental health assessments and suggests directions for further refinement and research.


Model Based Severity Analysis of Mental Health Issues Using NLP and Sentiment Analysis On Social Media Data (SENTI-SEV)

With the advent of machine learning becoming more and more integrated into healthcare, this study explores the efficacy of machine learning models in classifying and predicting various brain disorders and diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Our review highlights the potential that ML has in identifying effective biomarkers, with cortical thickness emerging as a more accurate indicator for schizophrenia. Additionally, the connection between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic syndrome was made much more clear through ML algorithms, identifying eight diagnostic genes with high AUC values. The versatility of ML is further demonstrated through the application of natural language processing to analyze social media data, uncovering mental health issues in patients with diabetes. The challenges associated with ML use in a healthcare setting were also analyzed; the performance of ML models can drop substantially when encountering new data significantly different from the training set. While ML has great promise, it is recommended to use as a supplementary tool in collaboration with clinicians for the greatest efficacy. Continuous improvement in algorithms, data quality, and model validation will be essential to fully realize the potential of ML in improving patient care and outcomes.

Machine Learning in Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic and Predictive Applications

The creation and application of a machine learning model to categorise an individual’s degree of depression is presented in this research. The model predicts the depression state (no depression, mild depression, moderate depression, severe depression) based on other characteristics using the Depres- sion.csv dataset which comprises 16 features. Preprocessing the data, scaling the features, and applying strong machine learning methods—such as Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Gradient Boosting—are all part of the research. To maximise the model’s performance, hyperparameter adjustment is also carried out. The model’s ability to accurately categorise depression levels is demonstrated by the results which may improve mental health support and monitoring.
Index Terms—Machine learning, support vector classifiers, random forests, gradient boosting, K-nearest neighbours, hyper- parameter tuning, mental health monitoring, depression prediction.			


Underline digital video library

tagE: Enabling an Embodied Agent to Understand Human Instructions

The Vision Thing: Finding and Pursuing your Research Passion

Aksharantar: Open Indic-language Transliteration datasets and models for the Next Billion Users

Cross-Linguistic Framing Analysis: Unveiling Political and Cultural Narratives in Spanish-Language News

Predictive Models on the Therapeutic Effects of Diverse Music Repertoires on Mental Health

Utilizing Deep Learning Techniques for Mental Disorder Prediction and Support Using Reddit Data

Improving Prediction Adherence to Mental Health Treatment Programs Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Quantifying Childhood Trauma: Causal Machine Learning Approaches to Mental Health Outcomes

Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Early Detection and Classification of Depression and Suicidal Tendencies on Social Media

Model Based Severity Analysis of Mental Health Issues Using NLP and Sentiment Analysis On Social Media Data (SENTI-SEV)

Machine Learning in Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic and Predictive Applications

Prediction of Level of Depression of Individuals Using Machine Learning

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES

Underline digital video library

tagE: Enabling an Embodied Agent to Understand Human Instructions​

The Vision Thing: Finding and Pursuing your Research Passion

Aksharantar: Open Indic-language Transliteration datasets and models for the Next Billion Users

Cross-Linguistic Framing Analysis: Unveiling Political and Cultural Narratives in Spanish-Language News

Predictive Models on the Therapeutic Effects of Diverse Music Repertoires on Mental Health

Utilizing Deep Learning Techniques for Mental Disorder Prediction and Support Using Reddit Data

Improving Prediction Adherence to Mental Health Treatment Programs Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Quantifying Childhood Trauma: Causal Machine Learning Approaches to Mental Health Outcomes

Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Early Detection and Classification of Depression and Suicidal Tendencies on Social Media

Model Based Severity Analysis of Mental Health Issues Using NLP and Sentiment Analysis On Social Media Data (SENTI-SEV)

Machine Learning in Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic and Predictive Applications

Prediction of Level of Depression of Individuals Using Machine Learning

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES

tagE: Enabling an Embodied Agent to Understand Human Instructions