Detecting Out-of-Domain (OOD) or unknown intents from user queries is essential in a taskoriented dialog system. Traditional softmaxbased confidence scores are susceptible to the overconfidence issue. In this paper, we propose a simple but strong energy-based score function to detect OOD where the energy scores of OOD samples are higher than IND samples. Further, given a small set of labeled OOD samples, we introduce an energy-based margin objective for supervised OOD detection to explicitly distinguish OOD samples from INDs. Comprehensive experiments and analysis prove our method helps disentangle confidence score distributions of IND and OOD data.

Disentangling Confidence Score Distribution for Out-of-Domain Intent Detection with Energy-Based Learning

This talk shall reflect on the plan-led experiments cities are conducting to assemble intelligent energy networks. Exploring the planning of these networks, it shall review: (1) how cities are deploying such intelligence to transition away from carbon-basedenergy and towards renewables: (2) the smart grids that are laid down as infrastructures to support the management of this decarbonisation strategy and: (3) net zero status of the built environments which they provide a platform for. In going on to interrogatethe status of these platforms, the talk shall examine whether the built environments emerging from this adaptation to climate change do keep “1.5 alive”.

Cities, Intelligent Energy Networks and the Decarbonisation of Built Environments: Do These Climate Change Adaptations Keep 1.5 Alive?

Agricultural Activities: Analyzing the Impact on Climate Change using IT Tools

Strengthening local community and stakeholders understanding on climate change impacts and adaptation through ?Citizen Assembly? approach

Strengthening Climate Change Adaptive Capacity Of Rural Women Crop Farmers Through Reduced Social Exclusion In Nigeria

This panel presents the work of UC Berkeley’s Oral History Center (OHC) of The Bancroft Library in building up multimedia materials and assignments for Grades 11 and 12, and for lower-division college courses in California classrooms. Berkeley’s OHC has been collaborating with the UC’s California History-Social Science Project to further develop and refine the online content we already have. Following a brief description of collaborations and our development efforts in this area, we hope to generate interest in new partnerships across the UC libraries. The questions we'll explore include: How can we use digital oral histories and other UC Library materials to create multimedia curriculum content and assignments for California high school classrooms and lower-division college courses? What has already been done? And how can we collaborate further with other partners across the UC Library system and beyond?

Collaborating on Digital Oral History Curriculum Content and Building K-16 Student Engagement through UC Library Resources

**Abstract:**

How will seabirds populations respond to climate variability and change? Can the dependence of seabirds populations on environmental conditions be quantified to enable future projections? Comparing seabird population dynamics and their response to environmental conditions across several locations provides a powerful means to assess the environmental characteristics defining the habitat suitability and the mechanisms driving year-to-year population fluctuations. First, we will introduce a conceptual model to decompose annual population growth rate at each site into two distinct components: the mean growth rate at the site and annual deviations from that mean. The functional dependence of the long-term population growth rate on mean climate state describes the habitat suitability curve, i.e. the environmental conditions under which populations can maintain positive mean growth rates and hence viable habitat conditions. Importantly, it enables understanding contrasting trends and responses to environmental variability of seabirds across species range. In addition, interannual variations in population growth rates at each site are likely dependent on variations in climate. This functional dependence may differ at each site, and conceptually depends on the habitat suitability curve. Second, we will applied this approach to Adélie penguin spatio-temporal responses to sea ice. This framework can be applied to any seabirds species for which time series of population abundance are available at several sites, providing an unprecedented opportunity to advance our fundamental understanding of seabird responses to climate change.

**Authors:**

David Iles¹, Heather Lynch², Rubao Ji¹, Christophe Barbraud³, Karine Delord³, Marika Holland⁴, Matthew Long⁴

¹WHOI, ²Stony Brook University, ³CEBC/CNRS, ⁴NCAR

Understanding the spatio-temporal seabird population responses to climate change.

**Abstract:**

Demographic rates such as recruitment and survival probability can vary considerably among populations of the same species, possibly due to spatially auto-correlated environmental processes. Breeding populations and foraging ranges are spatially segregated in colonial seabirds, making them ideal to study spatial patterns in demographic rates and their effects on local population dynamics. We investigated differences in age-dependent survival rates of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) breeding along the Dutch North Sea coast and we explored variation in survival among colonies in the context of their spatial distribution in the Netherlands. Between 1986 and 1988, per year approximately 100 nearly fledged individuals in 12-14 colonies received a unique colour ring, and birds have been resighted up until 2019 when at least one bird is known to be alive. We assessed whether survival until recruitment or until ten years old (their expected lifespan) explained variation in population trajectories of each colony. Juvenile and adult survival showed a strong, but different, north-to-south gradient in survival probability, while the spatial pattern of immature survival was less distinct. Recruitment nor the proportion of 10-year-old adults alive predicted whether a colony collapsed, declined, remained stable or increased. The distinct spatial pattern in survival suggests variation in regional food availability, which do not seem to drive local population dynamics. The absence of a link between survival and colony trajectories implies that connectivity between populations plays an important role affecting population dynamics.

**Authors:**

Rosemarie Kentie¹, Judy Shamoun-Baranes², Arie Spaans³, Kees Camphuysen⁴

¹University of Amsterdam & Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research NIOZ, ²University of Amsterdam, ³retired from Wageningen Environmental Research ? WUR, ⁴Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research NIOZ

Age-dependent survival of Herring Gulls across 14 contrasting colonies

**Abstract:**

Breeding at the right place is essential for seabirds to ensure a compromise between access to the resources, being safe from predation and deal with local weather. A challenge in ecology is to predict the demographic responses of populations in a context of climate change. Understanding demographic differences between multiple populations or colonies is central to determining some of the underlying mechanisms that drive these responses. Variability in population responses occur at large spatial scales, and studies have already shown different demographic strategies between several sites, but this understanding remains fragmentary and insufficient. However, on small spatial scales, analyzes between several nearby colonies have rarely been conducted, neglecting direct weather effects of other local effects. Here, we estimated the demographic parameters between several seabird colonies at different spatial scales and then assessed the differences in the demographic responses of these populations to environmental variations. We used individual monitoring data from three nearby colonies of snow petrel to investigate small-scale differences. To investigate the large-scale differences, we used two distant populations of closely related marine predators with similar ecological requirements, the south polar skua and the brown skua. Using capture-mark-recapture models, we estimated the survival and reproductive performance of each species at different sites. Our results show that breeding performance can vary both on large and small spatial scales. In addition, for snow petrels, local weather conditions may affect colonies differently resulting in different demographic responses. Very few studies have taken into account spatial heterogeneity when studying seabird population responses and generally make inferences from a single study site. To draw general conclusions about these responses, it is necessary to study in more detail, on several sites, a greater number of species in marine ecosystems.

**Authors:**

Christophe Sauser¹, Nathan Pacoureau², Karine Delord¹, Christophe Barbraud¹

¹CNRS - Centre d'étude biologique de Chizé, ²Simon Fraser University

The role of multi-colony studies in understanding seabird demography

**Abstract:**

The way in which demographic rates fluctuate synchronously across spatially disjunct populations can have important consequences for the long-term persistence of metapopulations and can also be used to infer drivers of population dynamics. Here, we examined spatial patterns of synchrony in the breeding success of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in the UK, making use of time series from multiple colonies spanning three decades. We found that the strength of breeding success synchrony declined with distance between colonies, but also that some groups of colonies formed spatially coherent clusters in which breeding success fluctuated in unison. Furthermore, the spatial patterns of synchrony we identified aligned well with the spatial structure of the kittiwake's main prey in this region - the lesser sandeel Ammodytes marinus. This thus suggests that the spatially independent and disparate dynamics of sandeel subpopulations filter up to the level of kittiwakes, with important consequences for kittiwake demography. The study shows that examining spatial patterns of multi-colony synchrony in demographic rates can provide useful information for identifying environmental drivers as well as the spatial scale over which they are acting, improving our understanding of dynamics both at the scale of individual and multiple colonies.

**Authors:**

Agnes Olin¹, Neil Banas², Peter Wright³, Michael Heath², Ruedi Nager⁴

¹Stockholm University, ²University of Strathclyde, ³Marine Scotland Science, ⁴University of Glasgow

Spatial patterns of multi-colony synchrony in the breeding success of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in the UK

**Abstract:**

Disentangling the roles of different intrinsic and environmental factors in driving seabird population changes in a large-scale perspective is highly important in a rapidly changing world. For seabirds such studies are rare. Finding the main drivers behind adult survival and population change, are important since many seabird species are threatened. Unravelling the role of different factors of climate change, such as ocean warming and associated shifts in prey availability, and extreme weather and storms events which are known to cause mass mortality, and thus represent an additional and potentially growing threat given the predicted increase in the frequency of such events are also important. Yet, there may be remarkable variation among populations in terms of how climate is having an effect due to spatio-temporal variation in the birds' distribution as well as the physical effects of climate change. As a consequence, the demographic traits that drive population changes may vary among populations. In this study we combine demographic (productivity and survival rates) and population trend data from nine North-Atlantic puffin colonies from the UK, Iceland and Norway with parallel data on environmental conditions in order to identify key drivers of population changes. Information from the seabird tracking programme SEATRACK was used to identify key non-breeding areas for each of the study colonies, enabling environmental covariates likely to be associated with overwinter survival (storm tracks, SST, large-scale climate indices and oceanographic factors) to be extracted for each population. We used multi-state CMR analysis, LTRE analysis and population modelling, to reveal some key ecological processes that underpin the relationship between puffins and their environment. Understanding these relationships is crucial when assessing how and where management actions could be put in place, and should be maintained as an integrated part of our knowledge base to support the future management of threatened seabirds.

**Authors:**

Tone Kristin Reiertsen¹

¹Norwegian Institute for Nature Research

The impact of demographic and environmental drivers on the Atlantic puffin populations: a multi-colony perspective

**Abstract:**

The grey-faced petrel Pterodroma gouldi is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Although not threatened overall, this species is only abundant at a few sites, and in very small declining populations at most other sites. Causes for decline can be varied, but are generally introduced mammal predation or changes in oceanographic conditions. Independently of predation, marked variation in chick development and breeding success has been observed among colonies, particularly between those located along the East and the West coasts, and among years. We investigated the role played by adult foraging strategy, oceanographic conditions and predation in the variation of these breeding performances. East coast colonies were monitored for breeding performances during the 2011, 2012 and 2015 breeding seasons. Both East and West coast colonies were monitored for breeding success and chick development as well as for adult foraging strategy during the 2013 and 2014 breeding seasons. We deployed GPS devices to identify foraging areas, determined the frequency of chick feeding and adult foraging trip duration, and evaluated trophic position by stable isotope analyses of adult and chick diet and their prey. We found that grey-faced petrels breeding on the East coast tended to travel further from their breeding ground to feed, foraging for a longer period and thus fed their chicks less frequently. Stable isotope analyses revealed different δ15N and δ13C values between East and West coast breeders suggesting the use of different trophic levels and foraging habitats during chick rearing. Oceanographic conditions affected chick growth while predation by introduced mammals strongly impacted breeding success. An understanding of seabird diet and foraging strategy informs their conservation and management, as monitoring seabird trophic niche dimensions, foraging areas and reproductive parameters can reveal causes for population declines.

**Authors:**

Karen Bourgeois¹, Jemma Welch², Sylvain Dromzée³, Rob Dunn⁴, Megan Friesen⁵, Matt Rayner⁶, Graeme Taylor², James Russell⁴

¹Expertise Conservation des Oiseaux Marins et de la Biodiverité Insulaire (ECOMBI), ²Department of Conservation, ³Office Français de la Biodiversité, ⁴University of Auckland, ⁵Saint Martin's University, ⁶Auckland Museum

Underline digital video library

Disentangling Confidence Score Distribution for Out-of-Domain Intent Detection with Energy-Based Learning

Cities, Intelligent Energy Networks and the Decarbonisation of Built Environments: Do These Climate Change Adaptations Keep 1.5 Alive?

Agricultural Activities: Analyzing the Impact on Climate Change using IT Tools

Strengthening local community and stakeholders understanding on climate change impacts and adaptation through ?Citizen Assembly? approach

Strengthening Climate Change Adaptive Capacity Of Rural Women Crop Farmers Through Reduced Social Exclusion In Nigeria

Collaborating on Digital Oral History Curriculum Content and Building K-16 Student Engagement through UC Library Resources

Understanding the spatio-temporal seabird population responses to climate change.

Age-dependent survival of Herring Gulls across 14 contrasting colonies

The role of multi-colony studies in understanding seabird demography

Spatial patterns of multi-colony synchrony in the breeding success of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in the UK

The impact of demographic and environmental drivers on the Atlantic puffin populations: a multi-colony perspective

Spatio-temporal variation in chick growth and breeding success in the grey-faced petrel Pterodroma gouldi

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