Netherlands

The human mind is an information processing system that reveals irreducible
complexity and emergent properties – including the phenomena of dreams.
Dreams are flows of subjective experience during REM sleep that exhibit highly
random and generative content that differ greatly from wakeful consciousness.
Various theories attempt to capture the biological function of dreams,
including offline memory processing, emotional regulation, and learning.
We posit that computationally replicating the essential features of dreams
may reveal insights into the cognitive/neural mechanisms that give rise to
dreaming — as well as consciousness and intelligence. We are interested in
leading a guided discussion that explores the following: (1) the application of
an information-theoretic perspective to the causes and effects of dreams; and
(2) the process of developing an artificial intelligence that is able to dream.

CogSci 2024

Can Robots Dream?

### Welcome to CogSci Conference 2025!

The 47th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society was a hybrid meeting held in San Francisco. 

<div style="position:relative;padding-top:0;width:900px;height:500px;"><iframe style="position:absolute;border:none;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;top:0;" src="https://online.fliphtml5.com/ebtyf/amvr/"  seamless="seamless" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" ></iframe></div>

#### About

The Cognitive Science Society brings together researchers from around the world who hold a common goal: understanding the nature of the human mind. The mission of the Society is to promote Cognitive Science as a discipline, and to foster scientific interchange among researchers in various areas of study, including Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Anthropology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Education.

The Society is a non-profit professional organization and its activities include sponsoring an annual conference and publishing the journals Cognitive Science and TopiCS.

#### Our History 

* **Society Creation**<br>
The Society was incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit professional organization in Massachusetts in 1979. The organizing committee included Roger Schank, Allan Collins, Donald Norman, and a number of other scholars from psychology, linguistics, computer science, and philosophy. 
<br><br>
* **Conference Creation**<br>
The first conference on cognitive science was held at La Jolla, California in August, 1979, and has occurred annually since then. The proceedings of each conference are published, and those from most years are available through Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. The annual proceedings of the Cognitive Science Conference represent a major source of information on new work and new ideas in the scientific study of thinking. In 1990, the Society, with help from an anonymous donor, established the David Marr Prize for the best student paper at each annual meeting.
<br><br>
* **Journal Creation**<br>
The Journal, Cognitive Science, began publication in 1976, and is now published by Wiley-Blackwell. The Executive Editor is currently Richard P. Cooper of Birkbeck, University of London, and there are 18 Associate Editors and a 30-member editorial board. It serves as the premier outlet for research reports that intersect two or more disciplines. Copyrights for articles published in the journal are held by the Society. The Governing Board of the Cognitive Science Society voted in late 2006 to found a new journal, Topics in Cognitive Science (topiCS). The Editor in Chief is Wayne Gray, Cognitive Science Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The journal seeks to fill a niche not occupied by Cognitive Science Journal or other cognitive science journals. Membership in the Society includes a subscription to Cognitive Science and TopiCS. Copyrights for articles published in the journal are held by the Society.
<br><br>

#### Code of Conduct

By attending the CogSci 2025 Conference, you are required to adhere to the society’s **[Code of Conduct](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ChPuihLy6jE_BWqfO7J2KKgX35JW2zsM/view?usp=sharing)**.
<br><br>


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CogSci 2025

The 47th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society presents the latest research across cognitive science and highlights the theme of Cognition in Context.

The 46th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society was an in-person meeting held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands at the Postillion Hotel & Conference Centre.

**ON-DEMAND PROGRAM ACCESS AFTER THE CONFERENCE**<br>
Recordings of the invited program are now available. You can access them by clicking on the 'Schedule' icon on the left. Select view by week and navigate to the day and time slot of the recording you wish to view. Click on the time slot to access the recording.

Recordings available (click on each recording to view):

**Thursday, July 25**<br>
0900: [Keynote Speaker Morgan Barense on Enhancing real-world event memory](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/17997/lecture/99084-dynamics-between-minds-and-the-environment)<br>
1000: [Gleitman Award Winner Isabelle Dautriche on Language Foundations: Insights from acquisition, communication, cognition, and more](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18000/lecture/99085-gleitman-talk)<br>
1415: [Invited Symposium: Dynamics between minds and the environment](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18016&searchGroup=lecture)<br>
1700: [Rumelhart Prize Presentation Speaker Alison Gopnik on Exploit, explore, empower: Three ages and three intelligences](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18028/lecture/99161-rp1-rumelhart-prize-presentation)<br>

**Friday, July 26**<br>
0900: [C.L. de Carvalho-Heineken Prize Keynote Speaker Kia Nobre on Focusing in memory](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18035/lecture/99162-hp1-c-l-de-carvalho-heineken-prize-keynote-address)<br>
1030: [Rumelhart Symposium: Childhood as exploration](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18038/lecture/100346-childhood-as-exploration)<br>
1415: [Elman Prize Symposium](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18053&searchGroup=lecture)<br>
1600: [Invited Symposium: Dynamics between minds](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18065&searchGroup=lecture)<br>
1745: [Keynote Speaker Andrea E. Martin on Neural dynamics encode the structure and statistics of language](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18077/lecture/99271-neural-dynamics-encode-the-structure-and-statistics-of-language)<br>

**Saturday, July 27**<br>
0900: [Keynote Speaker Gregor Schöner on How higher cognition emerges from the dynamics of strongly interacting neural populations](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions/18083/lecture/99273-dynamics-within-the-mind)<br>
1000: [Glushko Talks](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18086&searchGroup=lecture)<br>
1500: [Invited Symposium: Dynamics within minds](https://underline.io/events/465/sessions?eventSessionId=18100&searchGroup=lecture)<br>


#### **CogSci 2024 Program Book**
<div style="position:relative;padding-top:0;width:900px;height:500px;"><iframe style="position:absolute;border:none;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;top:0;" src="https://online.fliphtml5.com/ebtyf/cble/"  seamless="seamless" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" ></iframe></div>


**The Program Book can be downloaded [here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yRVp1cBqRnAbdYi4GXWV_pZeyWNsRquv/view?usp=sharing).**

#### **Letter from the President**

Welcome to the 2024 Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society in Rotterdam! CogSci 2024 brings together a large community of cognitive scientists who have traveled here from around the world, as well as a smaller group of remote presenters. I would like to extend an especially warm welcome to our first-time CogSci meeting attendees, and hope that 
their experience inspires them to join our future meetings for many years to come.

I want to thank this year’s conference co-chairs, Larissa K Samuelson, Stefan Frank, Mariya Toneva, Allyson Mackey, and Eliot Hazeltine, for putting together an amazing series of invited talks and symposia around the theme of Dynamics of Cognition. The co-chairs also deserve credit for handling a record-breaking number of submissions and producing a truly exciting conference program 

Beyond the invited talks and symposia dedicated to this year’s conference theme, I would like to highlight the presentations and events honoring the 
Rumelhart, Elman, Gleitman and C .L . de Carvalho Heineken prize winners, including the Rumelhart reception on Thursday. As you may know, we are recording all of the invited talks and symposia, and all prize-winners’ talks, and will be making this content available after the conference. 

The Cognitive Science Society relies on the volunteer efforts of our Governing Board members who work on matters related to our membership; conference policies; diversity and inclusion, international, and outreach initiatives; prizes and much more. We welcome interest from Society members who would like to become more involved in what we do. The 
Society is deeply grateful to Rick Dale and Andrea Bender, who serve as editors of the two Society journals, Cognitive Science and Topics in Cognitive Science respectively. We especially acknowledge our editors’ generosity in donating their stipends each year to D&I and outreach efforts. 

This year’s Annual Meeting depends critically on the support of Marischal De Armond and his team at Podium Conference Specialists: Sharon Zwack, Cendrine De Vis, Sarah-Kate Burke, and Rachel Waller worked tirelessly to secure the venue and handled a multitude of logistical and organizational issues, from arranging coffee breaks and receptions to making sure that a huge number of posters fits comfortably into the available space. Finally, and importantly, I would like to acknowledge the Cognitive Science Society Executive Officer, Erica Wojcik, for managing the complex and ever expanding sphere of our Society’s activities.

I hope you enjoy this year’s meeting and the many different opportunities to engage with the vibrant community of cognitive scientists gathered here. I also hope you get a chance to explore the great city of Rotterdam with its many attractions, museums, restaurants and scenic views. If you’d like to talk more about our Society, or simply want to say hello, please stop by!

![](https://assets.underline.io/markdown_image/1/image/3c66d0e21fff30e204df1138ffd15173.jpeg)

**Anna Papafragou**  
President, Cognitive Science 
Society 2023-2024

**CODE OF CONDUCT**<br>
By attending the CogSci 2024 Conference, you are required to adhere to the society’s [Code of Conduct](https://drive.google.com/file/d/16-6KkptF0Gn3ZYGJDlpqpwTdImw45Ng0/view?usp=drive_link).

**ABOUT THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY**<br>
The Cognitive Science Society brings together researchers from around the world who hold a common goal: understanding the nature of the human mind. The mission of the Society is to promote Cognitive Science as a discipline, and to foster scientific interchange among researchers in various areas of study, including Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Anthropology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Education.

The Society is a non-profit professional organization and its activities include sponsoring an annual conference and publishing the journals Cognitive Science and TopiCS.
<br><br>

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To access the site please register [**here**](https://cognitivesciencesociety.org/registration/). 

The 46th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society presents the latest research across cognitive science and highlights the theme of Cognition in Context.

This affinity group is initiated by members of the International Association
for Cognitive Science, Japanese Cognitive Science Society, Korean Society
for Cognitive Science, and cognitive science researchers in Hong Kong and
Australia. We seek to engage cognitive science researchers and societies in
the Asian-Pacific region at CogSci 2024. Through this affinity group, we aim
to provide networking opportunities to strengthen research exchange and
collaboration, to share experience in community building, to promote cognitive
science research in the region, and to provide mentorship opportunities to
young cognitive scientists or those who are interested in pursuing cognitive
science research. We also aim to initiate regular meetings or other forms
of research exchange in the future to take advantage of the geographical
closeness.

Asia-Pacific Cognitive Science Group

The act of remembering an everyday experience influences how we interpret the world, how we think about the future, and how we perceive ourselves. It also enhances long-term retention of the recalled content, increasing the likelihood that it will be recalled again. Unfortunately, the ability to recollect event-specific details tends to decline with age, resulting in an impoverished ability to mentally re-experience the past. This shift has been linked to a corresponding decline in the distinctiveness of hippocampal memory representations. Despite these well-established changes, there are few effective cognitive behavioral interventions that target real-world episodic memory. We addressed this gap by developing a smartphone-based application called HippoCamera that allows participants to record labelled videos of everyday events and subsequently replay standardized, high-fidelity autobiographical memory cues. In two experiments with older adults, we found that using HippoCamera to repeatedly reactivate memories for real-world events improved episodic recollection and it evoked more positive autobiographical sentiment at the time of retrieval. Moreover, more detailed recollection was associated with more differentiated memory signals in the hippocampus. In a third experiment, conducted during the COVID lockdowns of 2020, we used HippoCamera to characterize the relationship between impoverished experiential diversity with memory, mood, and the perception of time. We found that unique events were not only recalled in richer episodic detail, but that increased uniqueness was associated with greater positive affect, decreased boredom, and the perception of time passing faster for the entire day. These findings highlight the intimate connection between memory for the events of our lives and our well-being overall. Finally, in addition to describing our HippoCamera intervention, I will also present research investigating which features of distinct real-world memories should be emphasized to maximize their perceived similarity. 

Enhancing real-world event memory

Human languages exhibit an incredible diversity, from the sounds they use to form words to the grammatical rules they follow. Despite this variation, languages share deep structural properties like compositionality and exhibit striking regularities, such as a preference for placing subjects before objects. How do children manage to quickly learn such diverse languages? Why do languages share certain properties while differing in others? Are some of these properties deeply rooted in our cognition? In my talk, I will provide an overview on how I address these questions through experimental data from infants and animals, computational modeling, and corpus data. I will offer some evidence that infants are remarkably adept learners, that communication shapes language, and that several properties of language can be explained by non-linguistic cognition shared with other species. 

Language foundations: Insights from acquisition, communication, cognition and more

Deep Learning is a neural network approach where a network of multiple layers is trained to process complex data. Applications for deep learning include recognizing complex patterns in pictures, text, and sounds to, in some cases, produce insights into how human process information. Deep learning has garnered widescale interest, fostered by advances in, for instance, natural language processing and the release of innovative tools like Chat GPT. But does deep learning have implications for theory in the cognitive sciences; that is, is deep learning the answer for understanding human cognitive dynamics?

**Speakers:**

John Spencer: University of East Anglia; Brenden Lake: NYU; Raul Grieben: Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Gregor Schöner: Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Mariya Toneva: Max Planck Institute for Software Systems; Gina Kuperberg: Tufts University

Is Deep Learning the Answer for Understanding Human Cognitive Dynamics?

Reducing inequality, mitigating climate change, and responding to public health crises are large-scale goals that require the cooperation and coordination of many individuals. These goals cannot be achieved by one individual alone, and contributing is not always beneficial to each individual. And yet, individuals must contribute in order to make a difference. How do we hold individuals and groups responsible for collective action?

**Speakers:**

Casey Lewry: Princeton University; Tania Lombrozo: Princeton University; Shannon Wing: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Sydney Levine: Allen Institute for AI; Josh Tenenbaum: MIT; Lionel Wong: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Sofia Bonicalzi: Roma Tre University; Tobias Gerstenberg: Stanford University

Who is responsible for collective action?

We are able to learn from others through a combination of trust and vigilance: we trust and believe people who are reliable and have our interests at heart; we ignore those who are incompetent or self-interested. While past work has studied how others' competence influences social learning, relatively little attention has been paid to how others' motivations influence such processes. To address this gap, we develop a Bayesian model of vigilance that considers the speaker's instrumental self-interest, and test predictions of this model through an experiment. In accordance with our model, participants become more vigilant when informants stand to benefit from influencing their actions. When perceived self-interest is maximal, testimony can be discounted wholesale, rendering middle ground increasingly difficult, if not impossible, to find. Our results have implications for research on polarization, misinformation, and disagreement.

**Authors:**

Kerem Oktar: Princeton University; Ted Sumers: Princeton University; Tom Griffiths: Princeton University

A Rational Model of Vigilance in Motivated Communication

We offer a computational framework for modeling explanation as cooperative rational communication. Under our framework, when an explainer is faced with a ``why?'' question, they reason about the question-asker's current mental model, and intervene on that mental model in order to maximize the listener's future utility. We instantiate our framework in a planning domain, and show that our framework can model human explanations about plans across a wide variety of scenarios.

**Authors:**

Kartik Chandra: MIT; Tony Chen: MIT; Tzu-Mao Li: UCSD; Jonathan Ragan-Kelley: MIT; Josh Tenenbaum: MIT

Cooperative Explanation as Rational Communication

Theory of Mind enables us to represent and reason about other people's mental states like beliefs and knowledge. By considering what other people know, this allows us to strategically construct believable lies. Previous work has shown that people construct lies to be consistent with others' beliefs even when those beliefs differ from their own. However, in most real world cases, we don't know everything that the other person knows. We propose that to produce believable lies, the sender considers what private information the receiver may have. Here, we develop our theory into a computational model and test it in a novel paradigm that allows us to distinguish between knowledge shared between the lie sender and receiver and knowledge private to the receiver. Our main model successfully captures how people lie in this paradigm over alternative models. Overall, our work furthers our understanding of human social cognition in adversarial situations.

**Authors:**

Zhi Yi Tan: Yale NUS College; Julian Jara-Ettinger: Yale University; Marlene Berke: Yale University

Reasoning about knowledge in lie production

Social rewards shape human behavior. During development, a caregiver guides a learner’s behavior towards culturally aligned goals and values. How do these behaviors persist and generalize when the caregiver is no longer present, and the learner must continue autonomously? Here, we propose a model of value internalization where social feedback trains an internal social reward (ISR) model that generates internal rewards when social rewards are unavailable. Through empirical simulations, we show that an ISR model prevents agents from unlearning socialized behaviors and enables generalization in out-of-distribution tasks. Incomplete internalization, akin to "reward hacking" on the ISR, is observed when the model is undertrained.  Finally, we show that our model internalizes prosocial behavior in a multi-agent environment. Our work provides a framework for understanding how humans acquire and generalize values and offers insights for aligning AI with human values.

**Authors:**

Frieda Rong: Stanford University; Max Kleiman-Weiner: University of Washington

Value Internalization: Learning and Generalizing from Social Reward

A key aspect in child language development involves inducing
the rules that determine the relations of the arguments to
their verbal predicate, i.e., semantic roles. Here, we investigate
whether child-directed speech facilitates learning ‘who
does what to whom’ in English and Russian, two languages
that strongly differ in their amount of case-marking and word
order variation. We ask whether a contextual, distributional
learner can more easily learn to assign semantic roles to arguments
based on child-directed speech versus adult-directed
speech. To this end, we represent the arguments of a verb
with contextualised word embeddings extracted from neural
language models. We compare the classification accuracy
of semantic roles based on these representations between utterances
extracted from corpora of child-directed speech and
adult-directed speech. We further study to what extent semantic
roles can be predicted based on arguments represented
by different levels of information, such as non-contextualised
representations, the position in the sentence, and case marking.
We find that child-directed speech facilitates the learning
of semantic roles, an important cornerstone for learning the
morphosyntactic features of a language. However, the effect
of child-directed speech is more pronounced in Russian than
in English, indicating that child-directed speech may be optimised
more strongly in a language where arguments are expressed
in more varied forms and positions, as is the case in
Russian.

**Authors:**

Eva Huber: University of Zurich; Sabine Stoll: University of Zurich; Balthasar Bickel: University of Zurich

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