technical paper
Mechanotransduction through force-gated ion channels in plants
keywords:
mechanosensitive channel
mechanotransduction
plant
Plants, like all living organisms are subjected to mechanical forces arising either from their environment or from within their own body. To sense these forces, plants like animals, have developed mechanosensitive (MS) channels. MS channels identified and partially characterized in plants belong to the MSL (Mechanosensitive channel of Small conductance Like), MCA (Mid1-Complementing Activity), Piezo, OSCA (hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable) and TPK (Two-Pore K+) families. AtMSL10 from the model plant Arabidopsis, homologous to E.coli EcMscS, was the first plant channel to be molecularly identified and shown to be mechanoactivated. It is predominantly expressed in aerial organs but also in root tips. AtMSL10 catalyzes large fluxes of anions. Amongst multiple mechanical constraints generated by their environment, plants must cope with recurring mechanical stimulation produced by wind. We show that MSL10 activity is amplified by oscillatory stimulation at frequencies corresponding to wind-driven oscillations. Therefore, AtMSL10 is proposed to represent a molecular component allowing the perception of oscillatory mechanical stimulations by plants. Recently, we have also characterized a rapidly activated calcium MS channel (RMA) in Arabidopsis. We are currently investigating the role of this channel in root mechanosensing. Finally, we will stress the need to reintegrate plant MS channel in the cellular-context. Indeed, MS channels described with the patch-clamp technique are characterized in the absence of an extracellular matrix. There is a need to map the membrane tension at the cellular scale in order to specifying where, and under which conditions, plant MS channels operate.