Natural populations of guppies in the Northern Range Mountains of Trinidad range from diverse, predator-rich communities in larger, higher order streams to small headwater tributaries with only one other fish species and reduced fish of predation. 1970’s vintage life history theory accurately predicts how life histories evolve in these tributaries, where guppies experience reduced mortality risk. They delay maturity and reduce investment in reproduction. The expected tradeoff is that reduced reproductive investment will be accompanied by the evolution of the ability to reproduce to more advanced ages and have extended lifespan. In fact, I found that the opposite was true. Guppies adapted to high predation communities begin to reproduce at an earlier age, invest more in reproduction, continue to reproduce to more advanced ages and have delayed accelerations in mortality risk relative to those adapted to low predation communities. These differences define those from high predation communities as super guppies and leads to the expectation that the low predation life history should never evolve, yet it does. How and why? The answer lies in the indirect consequences of life with and without predators. Predators create a guppy environment where guppy population densities are low and food is abundant. In the absence of predators, guppy populations soar and they deplete the environment of resources. The tradeoffs that favor the evolution of the low predation life history only appear as genotype by environment interactions that include the effects of population density and interspecific competition.