Mexico

This paper describes our submission to Task 2 of SemEval-2024: Safe Biomedical Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trials. The Multi-evidence Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trial Data (NLI4CT) consists of a Textual Entailment (TE) task focused on the evaluation of the consistency and faithfulness of Natural Language Inference (NLI) models applied to Clinical Trial Reports (CTR). We test 2 distinct approaches, one based on finetuning and ensembling Masked Language Models and the other based on prompting Large Language Models using templates, in particular, using Chain-Of-Thought and Contrastive Chain-Of- Thought. Prompting Flan-T5-large in a 2-shot setting leads to our best system that achieves 0.57 F1 score, 0.64 Faithfulness, and 0.56 Consistency.

NAACL 2024

SEME at SemEval-2024 Task 2: Comparing Masked and Generative Language Models on Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trials

masked language models

clinical trials

natural language inference

large language models

workshop paper

## Welcome to 2024 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics!
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Katrin Erk 
The University of Texas at Austin 
NAACL-2024 General Chair 
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2024 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

We present the description of our proposed system for Subtask A - multilingual track at SemEval-2024 Task 8, which aims to classify if text has been generated by an AI or Human. Through the use of rich representations of pre-trained transformers, our approach treats binary text classification as token-level prediction, with the final classification being the average of token-level predictions.

FI Group at SemEval-2024 Task 8: A Syntactically Motivated Architecture for Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detection

This paper describes the submission of team EURECOM at SemEval-2024 Task 4: Multilingual Detection of Persuasion Techniques in Memes. We only tackled the first sub-task, consisting of detecting 20 named persuasion techniques in the textual content of memes. We trained multiple BERT-based models (BERT, RoBERTa, BERT pre-trained on harmful detection) using different losses (Cross Entropy, Binary Cross Entropy, Focal Loss and a custom-made hierarchical loss). The best results were obtained by leveraging the hierarchical nature of the data, by outputting ancestor classes and with a hierarchical loss. Our final submission consist of an ensembling of our top-3 best models for each persuasion techniques. We obtain hierarchical F1 scores of 0.655 (English), 0.345 (Bulgarian), 0.442 (North Macedonian) and 0.177 (Arabic) on the test set.

EURECOM at SemEval-2024 Task 4: Hierarchical Loss and Model Ensembling in Detecting Persuasion Techniques

This paper describes our approach to the SemEval-2024 safe biomedical Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trials (NLI4CT) task, which concerns classifying statements about Clinical Trial Reports (CTRs). We explored the capabilities of Mistral-7B, a generalist open-source Large Language Model (LLM). We developed a prompt for the NLI4CT task, and fine-tuned a quantized version of the model using an augmented version of the training dataset. The experimental results show that this approach can produce notable results in terms of the macro F1-score, while having limitations in terms of faithfulness and consistency. All the developed code is publicly available on a GitHub repository https://github.com/araag2/SemEval2024-Task2

Lisbon Computational Linguists at SemEval-2024 Task 2: Using a Mistral-7B Model and Data Augmentation

This paper presents the Hallucination Recognition Model for New Experiment Evaluation (HaRMoNEE) team’s winning (#1) and #10 submissions for SemEval-2024 Task 6: Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable Overgeneration Mistakes (SHROOM)’s two subtasks. This task challenged its participants to design systems to detect hallucinations in Large Language Model (LLM) output. Team HaRMoNEE proposes two architectures: (1) fine-tuning an off-the-shelf transformer-based model, and (2) prompt tuning large-scale Large Language Models (LLMs). One submission from the fine-tuning approach outperformed all other submissions for the model-aware sub-task; one submission from the prompt-tuning approach is the 10th-best submission on the leaderboard for the model-agnostic subtask. Our systems also include pre-processing to prune out irrelevant data fields, various fine-tuning approaches and multiple prompts, post-processing of each system, and evaluation.

HaRMoNEE at SemEval-2024 Task 6: Tuning-based Approaches to Hallucination Recognition

This study introduces an innovative approach to emotion recognition and reasoning about emotional shifts in code-mixed conversations, leveraging the NRC VAD Lexicon and computational models such as Transformer and GRU. Our methodology systematically identifies and categorizes emotional triggers, employing Emotion Flip Reasoning (EFR) and Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC). Through experiments with the MELD and MaSaC datasets, we demonstrate the model's precision in accurately identifying emotional shift triggers and classifying emotions, evidenced by a significant improvement in accuracy as shown by an increase in the F1 score when including VAD analysis. These results underscore the importance of incorporating complex emotional dimensions into conversation analysis, paving new pathways for understanding emotional dynamics in code-mixed texts.

VerbaNexAI Lab at SemEval-2024 Task 10: Emotion recognition and reasoning in mixed-coded conversations based on an NRC VAD approach

This study delineates our participation in the SemEval-2024 Task 3: Multimodal Emotion Cause Analysis in Conversations, focusing on developing and applying an innovative methodology for emotion detection and cause analysis in conversational contexts. Leveraging logistic regression, we analyzed conversational utterances to identify emotions per utterance. Subsequently, we employed a dependency analysis pipeline, utilizing SpaCy to extract significant chunk features, including object, subject, adjectival modifiers, and adverbial clause modifiers. These features were analyzed within a graph-like framework, conceptualizing the dependency relationships as edges connecting emotional causes (tails) to their corresponding emotions (heads). Despite the novelty of our approach, the preliminary results were unexpectedly humbling, with a consistent score of 0.0 across all evaluated metrics. This paper presents our methodology, the challenges encountered, and an analysis of the potential factors contributing to these outcomes, offering insights into the complexities of emotion-cause analysis in multimodal conversational data.

VerbaNexAI Lab at SemEval-2024 Task 3: Deciphering emotional causality in conversations using multimodal analysis approach

This paper presents the MasonTigers’ submis- sion to the SemEval-2024 Task 9 which pro- vides a dataset of puzzles for testing natural language understanding. We employ large lan- guage models (LLMs) to solve this task through several prompting techniques. We show that zero-shot and few-shot prompting with propri- etary LLMs outperform open-source models. Results are further improved with chain-of- thought prompting. We obtain our best results by utilizing an ensemble of chain-of thought prompts, ranking 2nd in the word puzzle sub- task and 13th in the sentence puzzle sub-task.

MasonTigers at SemEval-2024 Task 9: Solving Puzzles with an Ensemble of Chain-of-Thought Prompts

This paper presents the MasonTigers' entry to the SemEval-2024 Task 8 - Multigenerator, Multidomain, and Multilingual Black-Box Machine-Generated Text Detection. The task encompasses Binary Human-Written vs. Machine-Generated Text Classification (Track A), Multi-Way Machine-Generated Text Classification (Track B), and Human-Machine Mixed Text Detection (Track C). Our best performing approaches utilize mainly the ensemble of discriminator transformer models along with sentence transformer and statistical machine learning approaches in specific cases. Moreover, zero-shot prompting and fine-tuning of FLAN-T5 are used for Track A and B.

MasonTigers at SemEval-2024 Task 8: Performance Analysis of Transformer-based Models on Machine-Generated Text Detection

This paper presents the MasonTigers' entry to the SemEval-2024 Task 1 - Semantic Textual Relatedness. The task encompasses supervised (Track A), unsupervised (Track B), and cross-lingual (Track C) approaches to semantic textual relatedness across 14 languages. MasonTigers stands out as one of the two teams who participated in all languages across the three tracks. Our approaches achieved rankings ranging from 11th to 21st in Track A, from 1st to 8th in Track B, and from 5th to 12th in Track C. Adhering to the task-specific constraints, our best performing approaches utilize an ensemble of statistical machine learning approaches combined with language-specific BERT based models and sentence transformers.

MasonTigers at SemEval-2024 Task 1: An Ensemble Approach for Semantic Textual Relatedness

Introducing a multimodal model leveraging a caption generation step and hierarchical classification to identify persuasive elements in memes, aimed at combating disinformation and propaganda on social media.

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SEME at SemEval-2024 Task 2: Comparing Masked and Generative Language Models on Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trials

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