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Diffusion models have shown their effectiveness in generation tasks by well-approximating the underlying probability distribution. However, diffusion models are known to suffer from an amplified inherent bias from the training data in terms of fairness. While the sampling process of diffusion models can be controlled by conditional guidance, previous works have attempted to find empirical guidance to achieve quantitative fairness. 
To address this limitation, we propose a fairness-aware sampling method called \textit{attribute switching} mechanism for diffusion models. Without additional training, the proposed sampling can obfuscate sensitive attributes in generated data without relying on classifiers.
We mathematically prove and experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on two key aspects: (i) the generation of fair data and (ii) the preservation of the utility of the generated data.

AAAI 2024

Fair Sampling in Diffusion Models through Switching Mechanism

bias and fairness

deep generative models

image generation

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

As AI systems’ sophistication and proliferation have increased, awareness of the risks has grown proportionally. The AI industry is increasingly emphasizing the need for transparency, with proposals ranging from standardizing use of technical disclosures, like model cards, to regulatory licensing regimes. Since the AI value chain is complicated, with actors bringing varied expertise, perspectives, and values, it is crucial that consumers of transparency disclosures be able to understand the risks of the AI system in question. In this paper we propose a risk profiling standard which can guide downstream decision-making, including triaging further risk assessment, informing procurement and deployment, and directing regulatory frameworks. The standard is built on our proposed taxonomy of AI risks, which distills the wide variety of risks proposed in the literature into a high-level categorization. We outline the myriad data sources needed to construct informative Risk Profiles and propose a template and methodology for collating risk information into a standard, yet flexible, structure. We apply this methodology to a number of prominent AI systems using publicly available information. To conclude, we discuss design decisions for the profiles and future work.

AI Risk Profiles: A Standards Proposal for Pre-deployment AI Risk Disclosures

The rise of AI-based and autonomous systems is raising concerns and apprehension due to potential negative repercussions arising from their behavior or decisions. These systems must be designed to comply with the human contexts in which they will operate. To this extent, Townsend et al. (2022) introduce the concept of SLEEC (social, legal, ethical, empathetic, or cultural) rules that aim to facilitate the formulation, verification, and enforcement of the rules AI-based and autonomous systems should obey. They lay out a methodology to elicit them and to let philosophers, lawyers, domain experts, and others to formulate them in natural language. To enable their effective use in AI systems, it is necessary to translate these rules systematically into a formal language that supports automated reasoning. In this study, we first conduct a linguistic analysis of the SLEEC rules pattern, which justifies the translation of SLEEC rules into classical logic. Then we investigate the computational complexity of reasoning about SLEEC rules and show how logical programming frameworks can be employed to implement SLEEC rules in practical scenarios. the result is a readily applicable strategy for implementing AI systems that conform to norms expressed as SLEEC rules.

Social, Legal, Ethical, Empathetic, and Cultural Rules: Compilation and Reasoning

In the digital age, cybercrimes, particularly cyber harassment, have become pressing issues, targeting vulnerable individuals like children, teenagers, and women. Understanding the experiences and needs of the victims is crucial for effective support and intervention. Online conversations between victims and virtual harassment counselors (chatbots) offer valuable insights into cyber harassment manifestations (CHMs) and determinants (CHDs). However, the distinction between CHMs and CHDs remains unclear. This research is the first to introduce concrete definitions for CHMs and CHDs, investigating their distinction through automated methods to enable efficient cyber-harassment dialogue comprehension. We present a novel dataset, Cyber-MaD that contains Cyber harassment dialogues manually annotated with Manifestations and Determinants. Additionally, we design an Emotion-informed Contextual Dual Attention Convolution Transformer (EmoConDuCT) framework to extract CHMs and CHDs from cyber harassment dialogues. The framework primarily: a). exploits inherent emotion features in the input via adjective-noun pairs modeled through an autoencoder, b). utilizes a novel Contextual Dual Attention Convolution Transformer to learn contextual information, and, c). employs a demarcation module that leverages task-specific emotional knowledge and a discriminator loss function to differentiate manifestations and determinants. EmoConDuCT outperforms the state-of-the-art systems on the Cyber-MaD corpus, showcasing its potential in the extraction of CHMs and CHDs. Furthermore, its robustness is demonstrated on the emotion cause extraction task using the CARES_CEASE-v2.0 dataset of suicide notes, confirming its efficacy in diverse cause extraction objectives. This research sheds light on cyber harassment comprehension, paving the way for improved support and intervention strategies.

Benchmarking Cyber Harassment Dialogue Comprehension through Emotion-Informed Manifestations-Determinants Demarcation

Multi-label classification is an arduous problem given the complication in label correlation. Whilst sharing a common goal with contrastive learning in utilizing correlations for representation learning, how to better leverage label information remains challenging. 
Previous endeavors include extracting label-level presentations or mapping labels to an embedding space, overlooking the correlation between multiple labels. 
It exhibits a great ambiguity in determining positive samples with different extent of label overlap between samples and integrating such relations in loss functions. 
In our work, we propose Multi-Label Supervised Contrastive learning (MulSupCon) with a novel contrastive loss function to adjust weights based on how much overlap one sample shares with the anchor. 
By analyzing gradients, we explain why our method performs better under multi-label circumstances. 
To evaluate, we conduct direct classification and transfer learning on several multi-label datasets, including widely-used image datasets such as MS-COCO and NUS-WIDE.
Validation indicates that our method outperforms the traditional multi-label classification method and shows a competitive performance when comparing to other existing approaches.

Multi-Label Supervised Contrastive Learning

Despite meaningful progress over the past few decades, advances in the self-driving industry have plateaued. Traditional approaches are incredibly labor- and capital-intensive, relying on hand-engineered systems and millions of real-world testing miles. Generative AI offers the much-needed new path to unlocking autonomous vehicles at scale and changing the way these systems work. In this lecture, Waabi CEO and Founder Raquel Urtasun will discuss how leveraging generative AI will evolve the way autonomous driving systems are developed and trained, resulting in faster, safer, and more scalable deployment of transformative self-driving technology worldwide.

2024 Robert S. Engelmore Memorial Lecture Award: Accelerating AVs with the Next Generation of Generative AI

The capabilities, autonomy, and efficiency of software and physical agents have increased remarkably in recent times. However, the rapid advancement of these intelligent systems presents significant challenges for humans when they need to interact, coordinate, or collaborate with them. Intelligent advising agents providing guidance to people in such situations can enhance their decision-making and alleviate cognitive load. Alongside identifying valuable advice, these assisting agents must also deliver explanations to convince humans that the provided advice is advantageous and trustworthy. In the presentation, we will highlight the challenges that emerge when humans need to collaborate with drones, autonomous vehicles, and intelligent systems for negotiation and mediation. Additionally, we will introduce several approaches for developing assisting agents aimed at enhancing human performance and satisfaction.

AAAI Invited Talk: Smart Advice: Intelligent Agents Assisting Humans in the Super AI Era | VIDEO

As the massive excitement about recent advances in AI indicates, AI is a transformative technology that likely will have a deep and systemic impact on the national and global economy and security. The recognition of the potential impact of AI has led many countries to launch national strategic research initiatives and policies about the development and deployment of AI. The goal of this panel is to discuss some of these strategic initiatives and policies from different perspectives and at different levels of aggregation. We will begin with an overview of the US NSF’s National AI Institutes Program (Donlon), illustrate it with a specific National AI Institute (Goel), describe the structures and processes in the US that result in a national strategic initiative (Littman), present current and potential AI-related policies in the US (Wagstaff), and compare with similar initiatives and policies across the world (Walsh).

Panel: AI Strategic Initiatives and Policies | VIDEO

 How could machines learn as efficiently as humans and animals? How could machines learn how the world works and acquire common sense? How could machines learn to reason and plan? Current AI architectures, such as Auto-Regressive Large Language Models fall short. I will propose a modular cognitive architecture that may constitute a path towards answering these questions. The centerpiece of the architecture is a predictive world model that allows the system to predict the consequences of its actions and to plan a sequence of actions that optimize a set of objectives. The objectives include guardrails that guarantee the system’s controllability and safety. The world model employs a Hierarchical Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture (H-JEPA) trained with self-supervised learning. The JEPA learns abstract representations of the percepts that are simultaneously maximally informative and maximally predictable. The corresponding working paper is available here: https://openreview.net/forum?id=BZ5a1r-kVsf

AAAI/IAAI Invited Talk: Objective-Driven AI: Towards Machines that can Learn, Reason, and Plan

In their first years and with no instruction, children learn one or more natural languages; they develop a host of skills for moving themselves and manipulating objects; they learn the paths connecting places in their homes, the bonds connecting people in their social networks, and the forms and functions of everyday objects; and they deploy concepts of number, geometry, and causality that continue to guide the reasoning of adults, including mathematicians. How children do this is a great, unanswered question, but research on human infants, children, adults, and non-human animals, using diverse methods from the cognitive, brain, and computational sciences, provides some hints. It reveals at least seven domain-specific cognitive systems that emerge and function in infancy: six systems of core knowledge that are shared with other animals and represent places, objects, animate beings, social beings, number and geometry, and a seventh system that likely is unique to humans and underlies language learning during the first year. These automatic, unconscious, fixed systems function throughout life and provide inputs to the malleable, conscious perceptions and thoughts that power our endlessly inventive human minds.

AAAI Invited Talk: How Children Learn | VIDEO

Charles and Michael are engaged in a decades-long conversation on AI, education, and AI education, exploring where it has been, where it could go, and why it is such a central part of so much that we all do. Occasionally that conversation has found its way into research and educational spaces, including two ongoing online classes in ML and RL taken by about 3300 students each year, a couple of music videos, and a series of educational videos on computing. They believe that this topic is so important and so serious that it must be addressed with a playful frame of mind—no one makes their best decisions and learns effectively when they think the well-being of the world is at stake. In this presentation, Charles and Michael continue their conversation with EAAI with the help of a moderator, answering questions about their approach to AI education and their outlook for the future. They promise to take it just as seriously as they do everything else… and probably there won’t be any singing.

Fair Sampling in Diffusion Models through Switching Mechanism

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Next from AAAI 2024

AI Risk Profiles: A Standards Proposal for Pre-deployment AI Risk Disclosures

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CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES

Fair Sampling in Diffusion Models through Switching Mechanism

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Next from AAAI 2024

AI Risk Profiles: A Standards Proposal for Pre-deployment AI Risk Disclosures

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES

Downloads