Canada

The Novel Category Discovery problem aims to cluster an unlabeled set with the help of a labeled set consisting of disjoint but related classes. However, existing models treat class names as discrete one-hot labels and ignore the semantic understanding of these classes. In this paper, we propose a new setting named Semantic-guided Novel Category Discovery (SNCD), which requires the model to not only cluster the unlabeled images but also semantically recognize these images based on a set of their class names. The first challenge we confront pertains to effectively leveraging the class names of unlabeled images, given the inherent gap between the visual and linguistic domains. To address this issue, we incorporate a semantic-aware recognition mechanism. This is achieved by constructing dynamic class-wise visual prototypes as well as a semantic similarity matrix that enables the projection of visual features into the semantic space. The second challenge originates from the granularity disparity between the classification and clustering tasks. To deal with this, we develop a semantic-aware clustering process to facilitate the exchange of knowledge between the two tasks. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the mutual benefits of the recognition and clustering tasks, which can be jointly optimized. Experimental results on multiple datasets confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method. Our code is available at https://github.com/wang-weishuai/Semantic-guided-NCD.

AAAI 2024

Semantic-Guided Novel Category Discovery

cv: representation learning for vision

cv: language and vision

cv: object detection & categorization

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

Generative information retrieval, encompassing two major tasks of Generative Document Retrieval (GDR) and Grounded Answer Generation (GAR), has gained significant attention in natural language processing. Existing methods for GDR and GAR rely on separate retrieval and reader modules, which hinder simultaneous optimization. To overcome this, we present UniGen, a Unified Generative framework for retrieval and question answering that integrates both tasks into a single generative model leveraging the capabilities of large language models. UniGen employs a shared encoder and two distinct decoders for generative retrieval and question answering. To facilitate the learning of both tasks, we introduce connectors, generated by large language models, to bridge the gaps between query inputs and generation targets, as well as between document identifiers and answers. Furthermore, we propose an iterative enhancement strategy that leverages generated answers and retrieved documents to iteratively improve both tasks. Through extensive experiments on the MS MARCO and NQ datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of UniGen, showcasing its superior performance in both retrieval and question answering tasks.

UniGen: A Unified Generative Framework for Retrieval and Question Answering with Large Language Models

A surge of interest has emerged in utilizing Transformers in diverse vision tasks owing to its formidable performance. However, existing approaches primarily focus on optimizing internal model architecture designs that often entail significant trial and error with high burdens. In this work, we propose a new paradigm dubbed Decision Stream Calibration that boosts the performance of general Vision Transformers. To achieve this, we shed light on the information propagation mechanism in the learning procedure by exploring the correlation between different tokens and the relevance coefficient of multiple dimensions. Upon further analysis, it was discovered that 1) the final decision is associated with tokens of foreground targets, while token features of foreground target will be transmitted into the next layer as much as possible, and the useless token features of background area will be eliminated gradually in the forward propagation. 2) Each category is solely associated with specific sparse dimensions in the tokens. Based on the discoveries mentioned above, we designed a two-stage calibration scheme, namely ViT-Calibrator, including token propagation calibration stage and dimension propagation calibration stage. Extensive experiments on commonly used datasets show that the proposed approach can achieve promising results.

ViT-Calibrator: Decision Stream Calibration for Vision Transformer

Pre-routing timing prediction has been recently studied for evaluating the quality of a candidate cell placement in chip design. It involves directly estimating the timing metrics for both pin-level (slack, slew) and edge-level (net delay, cell delay), without time-consuming routing. However, it often suffers from signal decay and error accumulation due to the long timing paths in large-scale industrial circuits. To address these challenges, we propose a two-stage approach. First, we propose global circuit training to pre-train a graph auto-encoder that learns the global graph embedding from circuit netlist. Second, we use a novel node updating scheme for message passing on GCN, following the topological sorting sequence of the learned graph embedding and circuit graph. This scheme residually models the local time delay between two adjacent pins in the updating sequence, and extracts the lookup table information inside each cell via a new attention mechanism. To handle large-scale circuits efficiently, we introduce an order preserving partition scheme that reduces memory consumption while maintaining the topological dependencies. Experiments on 21 real world circuits achieve a new SOTA $R^2$ of 0.93 for slack prediction, which is significantly surpasses 0.59 by previous SOTA method.

PreRoutGNN for Timing Prediction with Order Preserving Partition: Global Circuit Pre-training, Local Delay Learning and Attentional Cell Modeling

Effectively and efficiently adapting a pre-trained language model (PLM) for human-centered text understanding (HCTU) is challenging since user tokens are million-level in most personalized applications and do not have concrete explicit semantics. A standard and parameter-efficient approach (e.g., LoRA) necessitates memorizing numerous suits of adapters for each user. In this work, we introduce a personalized LoRA (PLoRA) with a plug-and-play (PnP) framework for the HCTU task. PLoRA is effective, parameter-efficient, and dynamically deploying in PLMs. Moreover, a personalized dropout and a mutual information maximizing strategies are adopted and hence the proposed PLoRA can be well adapted to few/zero-shot learning scenarios for the cold-start issue. Experiments conducted on four benchmark datasets show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in full/few/zero-shot learning scenarios for the HCTU task, even though it has fewer trainable parameters. For reproducibility, the code for this paper is available at: https://github.com/yoyo-yun/PLoRA.

Personalized LoRA for Human-Centered Text Understanding | VIDEO

Generative adversarial network (GAN) has become a popular tool in the perceptual-oriented single image super-resolution (SISR) for its excellent capability to hallucinate details. However, the performance of most GAN-based SISR methods is impeded due to the limited discriminative ability of their discriminators. In specific, these discriminators only focus on the global image reconstruction quality and ignore the more fine-grained reconstruction quality for constraining the generator, as they predict the overall realness of an image instead of the pixel-level realness. Here, we first introduce the uncertainty into the GAN and propose an Uncertainty-aware GAN (UGAN) to regularize SISR solutions, where the challenging pixels with large reconstruction uncertainty and importance (e.g., texture and edge) are prioritized for optimization. The uncertainty-aware adversarial training strategy enables the discriminator to capture the pixel-level SR uncertainty, which constrains the generator to focus on image areas with high reconstruction difficulty, meanwhile, it improves the interpretability of the SR. To balance weights of multiple training losses, we introduce an uncertainty-aware loss weighting strategy to adaptively learn the optimal loss weights. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in extracting the SR uncertainty and the superiority of the UGAN over the state-of-the-arts in terms of the reconstruction accuracy and perceptual quality.

Uncertainty-Aware GAN for Single Image Super Resolution

In open-domain Question Answering (QA), dense text retrieval is crucial for finding relevant passages to generate answers. Typically, contrastive learning is used to train a retrieval model, which maps passages and queries to the same semantic space, making similar ones closer and dissimilar ones further apart. However, training such a system is challenging due to the false negative problem, where relevant passages may be missed during data annotation. Hard negative sampling, commonly used to improve contrastive learning, can introduce more noise in training. This is because hard negatives are those close to a given query, and thus more likely to be false negatives. To address this, we propose a novel contrastive confidence regularizer for Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) loss, a commonly used contrastive loss. Our analysis shows that the regularizer helps make the dense retrieval model more robust against false negatives with a theoretical guarantee. Additionally, we propose a model-agnostic method to filter out noisy negative passages in the dataset, improving any downstream dense retrieval models. Through experiments on three datasets, we demonstrate that our method achieves better retrieval performance in comparison to existing state-of-the-art dense retrieval systems.

Mitigating the Impact of False Negative in Dense Retrieval with Contrastive Confidence Regularization

As an indispensable ingredient of intelligence, commonsense reasoning is crucial for large language models (LLMs) in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose CORECODE, a dataset that contains abundant commonsense knowledge manually annotated on dyadic dialogues, to evaluate the commonsense reasoning and commonsense conflict detection capabilities of Chinese LLMs. We categorize commonsense knowledge in everyday conversations into three dimensions: entity, event, and social interaction. For easy and consistent annotation, we standardize the form of commonsense knowledge annotation in open-domain dialogues as "domain: slot = value". A total of 9 domains and 37 slots are defined to capture diverse commonsense knowledge. With these pre-defined domains and slots, we collect 76,787 commonsense knowledge annotations from 19,700 dialogues through crowdsourcing. To evaluate and enhance the commonsense reasoning capability for LLMs on the curated dataset, we establish a series of dialogue-level reasoning and detection tasks, including commonsense knowledge filling, commonsense knowledge generation, commonsense conflict phrase detection, domain identification, slot identification, and event causal inference. A wide variety of existing open-source Chinese LLMs are evaluated with these tasks on our dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that these models are not competent to predict CORECODE's plentiful reasoning content, and even ChatGPT could only achieve 0.275 and 0.084 accuracy on the domain identification and slot identification tasks under the zero-shot setting. We release the data and codes of CORECODE at https://github.com/danshi777/CORECODE to promote commonsense reasoning evaluation and study of LLMs in the context of daily conversations.

CORECODE: A Common Sense Annotated Dialogue Dataset with Benchmark Tasks for Chinese Large Language Models

Depth super-resolution (DSR) aims to restore high-resolution (HR) depth from low-resolution (LR) one, where RGB image is often used to promote this task. Recent image guided DSR approaches mainly focus on spatial domain to rebuild depth structure. However, since the structure of LR depth is usually blurry, only considering spatial domain is not very sufficient to acquire satisfactory results. In this paper, we propose structure guided network (SGNet), a method that pays more attention to gradient and frequency domains, both of which have the inherent ability to capture high-frequency structure. Specifically, we first introduce the gradient calibration module (GCM), which employs the accurate gradient prior of RGB to sharpen the LR depth structure. Then we present the Frequency Awareness Module (FAM) that recursively conducts multiple spectrum differencing blocks (SDB), each of which propagates the precise high-frequency components of RGB into the LR depth. Extensive experimental results on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the superiority of our SGNet, reaching the state-of-the-art (see Fig. 1). Codes and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/yanzq95/SGNet.

SGNet: Structure Guided Network via Gradient-Frequency Awareness for Depth Map Super-resolution

Nowadays sample selection is drawing increasing attention. By extracting and training only on the most informative subset, sample selection can effectively reduce the training cost. Although sample selection is effective in conventional supervised learning, applying it to Masked Image Modeling (MIM) still poses challenges due to the gap between sample-level selection and patch-level pre-training. In this paper, we inspect the sample selection in MIM pre-training and find the basic selection suffers from performance degradation. We attribute this degradation primarily to 2 factors: the random mask strategy and the simple averaging function. We then propose Patch-Aware Sample Selection~(PASS), including a low-cost Dynamic Trained Mask Predictor (DTMP) and Weighted Selection Score (WSS). DTMP consistently masks the informative patches in samples, ensuring a relatively accurate representation of selection score. WSS enhances the selection score using patch-level disparity. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of PASS in selecting the most informative subset and accelerating pretraining. PASS exhibits superior performance across various datasets, MIM methods, and downstream tasks. Particularly, PASS improves MAE by 0.7\% on ImageNet-1K while utilizing only 37\% data budget and achieves $\sim$1.7$\times$ speedup.

Patch-Aware Sample Selection for Efficient Masked Image Modeling

Self-supervised monocular depth estimation is of significant importance with applications spanning across autonomous driving and robotics. However, the reliance on self-supervision introduces a strong static-scene assumption, thereby posing challenges in achieving optimal performance in dynamic scenes, which are prevalent in most real-world situations.
To address these issues, we propose PPEA-Depth, a Progressive Parameter-Efficient Adaptation approach to transfer a pre-trained image model for self-supervised depth estimation. The training comprises two sequential stages: an initial phase trained on a dataset primarily composed of static scenes, succeeded by an expansion to more intricate datasets involving dynamic scenes. To facilitate this process, we design compact encoder and decoder adapters to enable parameter-efficient tuning, allowing the network to adapt effectively. They not only uphold generalized patterns from pre-trained image models but also retain knowledge gained from the preceding phase into the subsequent one. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PPEA-Depth achieves state-of-the-art performance on KITTI, CityScapes and DDAD datasets.

Semantic-Guided Novel Category Discovery

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UniGen: A Unified Generative Framework for Retrieval and Question Answering with Large Language Models

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