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The Metropolis algorithm can cope with local optima by accepting inferior solutions with suitably small probability. That this can work well was not only observed in empirical research, but also via mathematical runtime analyses on single-objective benchmarks. This paper takes several steps towards understanding, again via theoretical means, whether such advantages can also be obtained in multi-objective optimization.

The original Metropolis algorithm has two components, one-bit mutation and the acceptance strategy, which allows accepting inferior solutions. When adjusting the acceptance strategy to multi-objective optimization in the way that an inferior solution that is accepted replaces its parent, then the Metropolis algorithm is not very efficient on our multi-objective version of the multimodal DLB benchmark called DLTB. With one-bit mutation, this multi-objective Metropolis algorithm cannot optimize the DLTB problem, with standard bit-wise mutation it needs at least Ω(n^5) time to cover the full Pareto front. In contrast, we show that many other multi-objective optimizers, namely the GSEMO, SMS-EMOA, and NSGA-II, only need time O(n^4).

When keeping the parent when an inferior point is accepted, the multi-objective Metropolis algorithm both with one-bit or standard bit-wise mutation solves the DLTB problem efficiently, with one-bit mutation experimentally leading to better results than several other algorithms.

Overall, our work suggests that the general mechanism of the Metropolis algorithm can be interesting in multi-objective optimization, but that the implementation details can have a huge impact on the performance.

AAAI 2024

How to Use the Metropolis Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization?

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We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

Moiré patterns occur when capturing images or videos on screens, severely degrading the quality of the captured images or videos. Despite the recent progresses, existing video demoiréing methods neglect the physical characteristics and formation process of moiré patterns, significantly limiting the effectiveness of video recovery. This paper presents a unified framework, DTNet, a direction-aware and temporal-guided bilateral learning network for video demoiréing. DTNet effectively incorporates the process of moiré pattern removal, alignment, color correction, and detail refinement. Our proposed DTNet comprises two primary stages: Frame-level Direction-aware Demoiréing and Alignment (FDDA) and Tone and Detail Refinement (TDR). In FDDA, we employ multiple directional DCT modes to perform the moiré pattern removal process in the frequency domain, effectively detecting the prominent moiré edges. Then, the coarse and fine-grained alignment is applied on the demoiréd features for facilitating the utilization of neighboring information. In TDR, we propose a temporal-guided bilateral learning pipeline to mitigate the degradation of color and details caused by the moiré patterns while preserving the restored frequency information in FDDA. Guided by the aligned temporal features from FDDA, the affine transformations for the recovery of the ultimate clean frames are learned in TDR. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our video demoiréing method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by 2.3 dB in PSNR, and also delivers a superior visual experience.

Direction-Aware Video Demoiréing with Temporal-Guided Bilateral Learning

In the dynamic field of film and game development, the emergence of human motion synthesis methods has revolutionized avatar animation. Traditional methodologies, typically reliant on single modality inputs like text or audio, employ modality-specific model frameworks, posing challenges for unified model deployment and application. To address this, we propose Everything2Motion, a unified model framework. Everything2Motion consists of three key modules. The Input-Output Modality Modulation module tailors structures for specific multimodal inputs, eliminating the need for modality-specific frameworks. The Query-aware Autoencoder, based on the transformer encoder-decoder architecture, enables efficient latent motion generation. Lastly, the Prior Motion Distillation Decoder, a pretrained module, enhances the final skeleton sequence's naturalness and fluidity. Comprehensive experiments on several public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of Everything2Motion, highlighting its potential for practical applications and setting a new benchmark in human motion synthesis.

Everything2Motion: Synchronizing Diverse Inputs via a Unified Framework for Human Motion Synthesis

The goal of conditional image-to-video (cI2V) generation is to create a believable new video by beginning with the condition, i.e., one image and text. The previous cI2V generation methods conventionally perform in RGB pixel space, with limitations in modeling motion consistency and visual continuity. Additionally, the efficiency of generating videos in pixel space is quite low. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address these challenges by disentangling the target RGB pixels into two distinct components: spatial content and temporal motions. Specifically, we predict temporal motions which include motion vector and residual based on a 3D-UNet diffusion model.  By explicitly modeling temporal motions and warping them to the starting image, we improve the temporal consistency of generated videos. This results in a reduction of spatial redundancy, emphasizing temporal details. Our proposed method achieves performance improvements by disentangling content and motion, all without introducing new structural complexities to the model. Extensive experiments on various datasets confirm our approach's superior performance over the majority of state-of-the-art methods in both effectiveness and efficiency.

Decouple Content and Motion for Conditional Image-to-Video Generation

Federated learning (FL) has shown remarkable success in cooperatively training deep models, while typically struggling with noisy labels. Advanced works propose to tackle label noise by a re-weighting strategy with a strong assumption, i.e., mild label noise. However, it may be violated in many real-world FL scenarios because of highly contaminated clients, resulting in extreme noise ratios, e.g., >90%. To tackle extremely noisy clients, we study the robustness of the re-weighting strategy, showing a pessimistic conclusion: minimizing the weight of clients trained over noisy data outperforms re-weighting strategies. To leverage models trained on noisy clients, we propose a novel approach, called negative distillation (FedNed). FedNed first identifies noisy clients and employs rather than discards the noisy clients in a knowledge distillation manner. In particular, clients identified as noisy ones are required to train models using noisy labels and pseudo-labels obtained by global models. The model trained on noisy labels serves as a ‘bad teacher’ in knowledge distillation, aiming to decrease the risk of providing incorrect information. Meanwhile, the model trained on pseudo-labels is involved in model aggregation if not identified as a noisy client. Consequently, through pseudo-labeling, FedNed gradually increases the trustworthiness of models trained on noisy clients, while leveraging all clients for model aggregation through negative distillation. To verify the efficacy of FedNed, we conduct extensive experiments under various settings, demonstrating that FedNed can consistently outperform baselines and achieve state-of-the-art performance.

Federated Learning with Extremely Noisy Clients via Negative Distillation | VIDEO

Automated construction of annotated data holds significant importance in Relation Extraction (RE) tasks due to the hardness and cost of human annotation. In this work, we propose Self-RDGS, a method for Self-supervised Reliable Data Generation and Selection in low-resource RE tasks. At first, we fully utilize the knowledge of triplets as prompts to generate sentences by employing the Large Language Models (LLMs). Since the auto-generated data contains noise, we then propose a ranking-based data selection method to select reliable sentences. Finally, we integrate the data selection and RE model training within a self-supervised iterative framework. Through experimentation on three datasets with low-resource settings, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in constructing annotated data and achieving noteworthy improvements in comparison to multiple baselines. Code, data and models are available at https://github.com/jjyunlp/GenerationRE.

Reliable Data Generation and Selection for Low-Resource Relation Extraction

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize long-term rewards in recommender systems. Since industrial recommender systems are typically designed as multi-stage systems, RL methods with a single agent face challenges when optimizing multiple stages simultaneously. The reason is that different stages have different observation spaces, and thus cannot be modeled by a single agent. To address this issue, we propose a novel UNidirectional-EXecution-based multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (UNEX-RL) framework to reinforce the long-term rewards in multi-stage recommender systems. We use the unidirectional execution to model the information flow in multi-stage recommender systems, which is a key difference between multi-stage recommender systems and traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) applications. Then, we show that the training of MARL in multi-stage recommender systems faces two challenges, namely the observation dependency and the cascading effect. To tackle these challenges, we provide a cascading information chain (CIC) method to train UNEX-RL effectively. We also discuss practical variance reduction techniques for UNEX-RL. Finally, we show the effectiveness of UNEX-RL on both public datasets and an online recommender system with over 100 million users. Specifically, UNEX-RL reveals a 0.558% gain in users' watch time compared with single-agent RL algorithms in online experiments, highlighting the effectiveness of UNEX-RL in industrial recommender systems.

UNEX-RL: Reinforcing Long-Term Rewards in Multi-Stage Recommender Systems with UNidirectional EXecution

We propose UnMixMatch, a semi-supervised learning framework which can learn effective representations from unconstrained unlabelled data in order to scale up performance. Most existing semi-supervised methods rely on the assumption that labelled and unlabelled samples are drawn from the same distribution, which limits the potential for improvement through the use of free-living unlabeled data. Consequently, the generalizability and scalability of semi-supervised learning are often hindered by this assumption. Our method aims to overcome these constraints and effectively utilize unconstrained unlabelled data in semi-supervised learning. UnMixMatch consists of three main components: a supervised learner with hard augmentations that provides strong regularization, a contrastive consistency regularizer to learn underlying representations from the unlabelled data, and a self-supervised loss to enhance the representations that are learnt from the unlabelled data. We perform extensive experiments on 4 commonly used datasets and demonstrate superior performance over existing semi-supervised methods with a performance boost of 4.79%. Extensive ablation and sensitivity studies show the effectiveness and impact of each of the proposed components of our method. The code for this work will be made public upon acceptance.

Scaling Up Semi-supervised Learning with Unconstrained Unlabelled Data | VIDEO

Lane detection (LD) plays a crucial role in enhancing the L2+ capabilities of autonomous driving, capturing widespread attention. The Post-Processing Quantization (PTQ) could facilitate the practical application of LD models, enabling fast speeds and limited memories without labeled data. However, prior PTQ methods do not consider the complex LD outputs that contain physical semantics, such as offsets, locations, etc., and thus cannot be directly applied to LD models. In this paper, we pioneeringly investigate semantic sensitivity to post-processing for lane detection with a novel Lane Distortion Score. Moreover, we identify two main factors impacting the LD performance after quantization, namely intra-head sensitivity and inter-head sensitivity, where a small quantization error in specific semantics can cause significant lane distortion. Thus, we propose a Selective Focus framework deployed with Semantic Guided Focus and Sensitivity Aware Selection modules, to incorporate post-processing information into PTQ reconstruction. Based on the observed intra-head sensitivity, Semantic Guided Focus is introduced to prioritize foreground-related semantics using a practical proxy. For inter-head sensitivity, we present Sensitivity Aware Selection, efficiently recognizing influential prediction heads and refining the optimization objectives at runtime. Extensive experiments have been done on a wide variety of models including keypoint-, anchor-, curve-, and segmentation-based ones. Our method produces quantized models in minutes on a single GPU and can achieve 6.4\% F1 Score improvement on the CULane dataset. Code and supplementary statement can be found at https://github.com/PannenetsF/SelectiveFocus.

Selective Focus: Investigating Semantics Sensitivity in Post-training Quantization for Lane Detection | VIDEO

Open-World Few-Shot Learning (OFSL) is a crucial research field dedicated to accurately identifying target samples in scenarios where data is limited and labels are unreliable. This research holds significant practical implications and is highly relevant to real-world applications. Recently, the advancements in foundation models like CLIP and DINO have showcased their robust representation capabilities even in resource-constrained settings with scarce data. This realization has brought about a transformative shift in focus, moving away from “building models from scratch” towards “effectively harnessing the potential of foundation models to extract pertinent prior knowledge suitable for OFSL and utilizing it sensibly”. Motivated by this perspective, we introduce the Collaborative Consortium of Foundation Models (CO3), which leverages CLIP, DINO, GPT-3, and DALL-E to collectively address the OFSL problem. CO3 comprises 4 key blocks: (1) the Label Correction Block (LC-Block) corrects unreliable labels, (2) the Data Augmentation Block (DA-Block) enhances available data, (3) the Feature Extraction Block (FE-Block) extracts multi-modal features, and (4) the Text-guided Fusion Adapter (TeFu-Adapter) integrates multiple features while mitigating the impact of noisy labels through semantic constraints. Only the adapter's parameters are adjustable, while the others remain frozen. Through collaboration among these foundation models, CO3 effectively unlocks their potential and unifies their capabilities to achieve SOTA performance on 11 datasets.

Collaborative Consortium of Foundation Models for Open-World Few-Shot Learning

In this paper, we address unsupervised domain adaptation under noisy environments, which is more challenging and practical than traditional domain adaptation. In this scenario, the model is prone to overfitting noisy labels, resulting in a more pronounced domain shift and a notable decline in the overall model performance. Previous methods employed prototype methods for domain adaptation on robust feature spaces. However, these approaches struggle to effectively classify classes with similar features under noisy environments. To address this issue, we propose a new method to detect and correct confusing class pair. We first divide classes into easy and hard classes based on the small loss criterion. We then leverage the top-2 predictions for each sample after aligning the source and target domain to find the confusing pair in the hard classes. We apply label correction to the noisy samples within the confusing pair. With the proposed label correction method, we can train our model with more accurate labels. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness of our method and demonstrate its favorable performance compared with existing state-of-the-art methods. Our codes are publicly available at https://github.com/Hehxcf/CPC/.

How to Use the Metropolis Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization?

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How to Use the Metropolis Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization?

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Direction-Aware Video Demoiréing with Temporal-Guided Bilateral Learning

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