Canada

Group re-identification (G-ReID) aims to correctly associate groups with the same members captured by different cameras. However, supervised approaches for this task often suffer from the high cost of cross-camera sample labeling. Unsupervised methods based on clustering can avoid sample labeling, but the problem of member variations often makes clustering unstable, leading to incorrect pseudo-labels. To address these challenges, we propose an adaptive clustering-driven progressive learning approach (ACPL), which consists of a group adaptive clustering (GAC) module and a global dynamic prototype update (GDPU) module. Specifically, GAC designs the quasi-distance between groups, thus fully capitalizing on both individual-level and holistic information within groups. In the case of great uncertainty in intra-group members, GAC effectively minimizes the impact of non-discriminative features and reduces the noise in the model&#39;s pseudo-labels. Additionally, our GDPU devises a dynamic weight to update the prototypes and effectively mine the hard samples with complex member variations, which improves the model&#39;s robustness. Extensive experiments conducted on four popular G-ReID datasets demonstrate that our method not only achieves state-of-the-art performance on unsupervised G-ReID but also performs comparably to several fully supervised approaches.

AAAI 2024

Unsupervised Group Re-identification via Adaptive Clustering-Driven Progressive Learning

group re-identification

clustering

unsupervised learning

Group re-identification (G-ReID) aims to correctly associate groups with the same members captured by different cameras. However, supervised approaches for this task often suffer from the high cost of cross-camera sample labeling. Unsupervised methods based on clustering can avoid sample labeling, but the problem of member variations often makes clustering unstable, leading to incorrect pseudo-labels. To address these challenges, we propose an adaptive clustering-driven progressive learning approach (ACPL), which consists of a group adaptive clustering (GAC) module and a global dynamic prototype update (GDPU) module. Specifically, GAC designs the quasi-distance between groups, thus fully capitalizing on both individual-level and holistic information within groups. In the case of great uncertainty in intra-group members, GAC effectively minimizes the impact of non-discriminative features and reduces the noise in the model's pseudo-labels. Additionally, our GDPU devises a dynamic weight to update the prototypes and effectively mine the hard samples with complex member variations, which improves the model's robustness. Extensive experiments conducted on four popular G-ReID datasets demonstrate that our method not only achieves state-of-the-art performance on unsupervised G-ReID but also performs comparably to several fully supervised approaches.

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

With the rapid development of AI-based decision aids,  different forms of AI assistance have been increasingly integrated into the human decision making processes.  To best support humans in decision making, it is essential to quantitatively understand how diverse forms of AI assistance influence humans' decision making behavior. To this end, much of the current research focuses on the end-to-end prediction of human behavior using ``black-box'' models, often lacking interpretations of the nuanced ways in which AI assistance impacts the human decision making process. 
Meanwhile, methods that prioritize the interpretability of human behavior predictions are often tailored for one specific form of AI assistance, making adaptations to other forms of assistance difficult.  In this paper, we propose a computational framework that can provide an interpretable characterization of the influence of different forms of AI assistance on decision makers in AI-assisted decision making.  By conceptualizing  AI assistance as the ``{\em nudge}'' in human decision making processes, our approach centers around modelling how different forms of AI assistance modify humans' strategy in weighing different information in making their decisions. Evaluations on behavior data collected from real human decision makers 
show that the proposed framework outperforms various baselines in accurately predicting human behavior in AI-assisted decision making. Based on the proposed framework, we further provide insights into how individuals with different cognitive styles are nudged by AI assistance differently.

Decoding AI’s Nudge: A Unified Framework to Predict Human Behavior in AI-Assisted Decision Making | VIDEO

Efficiently processing time series data streams in real-time on resource-constrained devices offers significant advantages in terms of enhanced computational energy efficiency and reduced time-related risks. We introduce an innovative streaming time series classification network that utilizes attentive power iteration, enabling real-time processing on resource-constrained devices. Our model continuously updates a compact representation of the entire time series, enhancing classification accuracy while conserving energy and processing time. Notably, it excels in streaming scenarios without requiring complete time series access, enabling swift decisions. Experimental results show that our approach excels in classification accuracy and energy efficiency, with over 70% less consumption and threefold faster task completion than benchmarks. This work advances real-time responsiveness, energy conservation, and operational effectiveness for constrained devices, contributing to optimizing various applications.

Energy-Efficient Streaming Time Series Classification with Attentive Power Iteration

Existing LiDAR-based 3D object detection methods for autonomous driving scenarios mainly adopt the training-from-scratch paradigm. Unfortunately, this paradigm heavily relies on large-scale labeled data, whose collection can be expensive and time-consuming. Self-supervised pre-training is an effective and desirable way to alleviate this dependence on extensive annotated data. In this work, we present BEV-MAE, an efficient masked autoencoder pre-training framework for LiDAR-based 3D object detection in autonomous driving. Specifically, we propose a bird's eye view (BEV) guided masking strategy to guide the 3D encoder learning feature representation in a BEV perspective and avoid complex decoder design during pre-training. Furthermore, we introduce a learnable point token to maintain a consistent receptive field size of the 3D encoder with fine-tuning for masked point cloud inputs. Based on the property of outdoor point clouds in autonomous driving scenarios, i.e., the point clouds of distant objects are more sparse, we propose point density prediction to enable the 3D encoder to learn location information, which is essential for object detection. Experimental results show that BEV-MAE surpasses prior state-of-the-art self-supervised methods and achieves a favorably pre-training efficiency. Furthermore, based on TransFusion-L, BEV-MAE achieves new state-of-the-art LiDAR-based 3D object detection results, with 73.6 NDS and 69.6 mAP on the nuScenes benchmark. The source code will be released at https://github.com/VDIGPKU/BEV-MAE.

BEV-MAE: Bird’s Eye View Masked Autoencoders for Point Cloud Pre-training in Autonomous Driving Scenarios

The Metropolis algorithm can cope with local optima by accepting inferior solutions with suitably small probability. That this can work well was not only observed in empirical research, but also via mathematical runtime analyses on single-objective benchmarks. This paper takes several steps towards understanding, again via theoretical means, whether such advantages can also be obtained in multi-objective optimization.

The original Metropolis algorithm has two components, one-bit mutation and the acceptance strategy, which allows accepting inferior solutions. When adjusting the acceptance strategy to multi-objective optimization in the way that an inferior solution that is accepted replaces its parent, then the Metropolis algorithm is not very efficient on our multi-objective version of the multimodal DLB benchmark called DLTB. With one-bit mutation, this multi-objective Metropolis algorithm cannot optimize the DLTB problem, with standard bit-wise mutation it needs at least Ω(n^5) time to cover the full Pareto front. In contrast, we show that many other multi-objective optimizers, namely the GSEMO, SMS-EMOA, and NSGA-II, only need time O(n^4).

When keeping the parent when an inferior point is accepted, the multi-objective Metropolis algorithm both with one-bit or standard bit-wise mutation solves the DLTB problem efficiently, with one-bit mutation experimentally leading to better results than several other algorithms.

Overall, our work suggests that the general mechanism of the Metropolis algorithm can be interesting in multi-objective optimization, but that the implementation details can have a huge impact on the performance.

How to Use the Metropolis Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization?

Moiré patterns occur when capturing images or videos on screens, severely degrading the quality of the captured images or videos. Despite the recent progresses, existing video demoiréing methods neglect the physical characteristics and formation process of moiré patterns, significantly limiting the effectiveness of video recovery. This paper presents a unified framework, DTNet, a direction-aware and temporal-guided bilateral learning network for video demoiréing. DTNet effectively incorporates the process of moiré pattern removal, alignment, color correction, and detail refinement. Our proposed DTNet comprises two primary stages: Frame-level Direction-aware Demoiréing and Alignment (FDDA) and Tone and Detail Refinement (TDR). In FDDA, we employ multiple directional DCT modes to perform the moiré pattern removal process in the frequency domain, effectively detecting the prominent moiré edges. Then, the coarse and fine-grained alignment is applied on the demoiréd features for facilitating the utilization of neighboring information. In TDR, we propose a temporal-guided bilateral learning pipeline to mitigate the degradation of color and details caused by the moiré patterns while preserving the restored frequency information in FDDA. Guided by the aligned temporal features from FDDA, the affine transformations for the recovery of the ultimate clean frames are learned in TDR. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our video demoiréing method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by 2.3 dB in PSNR, and also delivers a superior visual experience.

Direction-Aware Video Demoiréing with Temporal-Guided Bilateral Learning

In the dynamic field of film and game development, the emergence of human motion synthesis methods has revolutionized avatar animation. Traditional methodologies, typically reliant on single modality inputs like text or audio, employ modality-specific model frameworks, posing challenges for unified model deployment and application. To address this, we propose Everything2Motion, a unified model framework. Everything2Motion consists of three key modules. The Input-Output Modality Modulation module tailors structures for specific multimodal inputs, eliminating the need for modality-specific frameworks. The Query-aware Autoencoder, based on the transformer encoder-decoder architecture, enables efficient latent motion generation. Lastly, the Prior Motion Distillation Decoder, a pretrained module, enhances the final skeleton sequence's naturalness and fluidity. Comprehensive experiments on several public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of Everything2Motion, highlighting its potential for practical applications and setting a new benchmark in human motion synthesis.

Everything2Motion: Synchronizing Diverse Inputs via a Unified Framework for Human Motion Synthesis

The goal of conditional image-to-video (cI2V) generation is to create a believable new video by beginning with the condition, i.e., one image and text. The previous cI2V generation methods conventionally perform in RGB pixel space, with limitations in modeling motion consistency and visual continuity. Additionally, the efficiency of generating videos in pixel space is quite low. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address these challenges by disentangling the target RGB pixels into two distinct components: spatial content and temporal motions. Specifically, we predict temporal motions which include motion vector and residual based on a 3D-UNet diffusion model.  By explicitly modeling temporal motions and warping them to the starting image, we improve the temporal consistency of generated videos. This results in a reduction of spatial redundancy, emphasizing temporal details. Our proposed method achieves performance improvements by disentangling content and motion, all without introducing new structural complexities to the model. Extensive experiments on various datasets confirm our approach's superior performance over the majority of state-of-the-art methods in both effectiveness and efficiency.

Decouple Content and Motion for Conditional Image-to-Video Generation

Federated learning (FL) has shown remarkable success in cooperatively training deep models, while typically struggling with noisy labels. Advanced works propose to tackle label noise by a re-weighting strategy with a strong assumption, i.e., mild label noise. However, it may be violated in many real-world FL scenarios because of highly contaminated clients, resulting in extreme noise ratios, e.g., >90%. To tackle extremely noisy clients, we study the robustness of the re-weighting strategy, showing a pessimistic conclusion: minimizing the weight of clients trained over noisy data outperforms re-weighting strategies. To leverage models trained on noisy clients, we propose a novel approach, called negative distillation (FedNed). FedNed first identifies noisy clients and employs rather than discards the noisy clients in a knowledge distillation manner. In particular, clients identified as noisy ones are required to train models using noisy labels and pseudo-labels obtained by global models. The model trained on noisy labels serves as a ‘bad teacher’ in knowledge distillation, aiming to decrease the risk of providing incorrect information. Meanwhile, the model trained on pseudo-labels is involved in model aggregation if not identified as a noisy client. Consequently, through pseudo-labeling, FedNed gradually increases the trustworthiness of models trained on noisy clients, while leveraging all clients for model aggregation through negative distillation. To verify the efficacy of FedNed, we conduct extensive experiments under various settings, demonstrating that FedNed can consistently outperform baselines and achieve state-of-the-art performance.

Federated Learning with Extremely Noisy Clients via Negative Distillation | VIDEO

Automated construction of annotated data holds significant importance in Relation Extraction (RE) tasks due to the hardness and cost of human annotation. In this work, we propose Self-RDGS, a method for Self-supervised Reliable Data Generation and Selection in low-resource RE tasks. At first, we fully utilize the knowledge of triplets as prompts to generate sentences by employing the Large Language Models (LLMs). Since the auto-generated data contains noise, we then propose a ranking-based data selection method to select reliable sentences. Finally, we integrate the data selection and RE model training within a self-supervised iterative framework. Through experimentation on three datasets with low-resource settings, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in constructing annotated data and achieving noteworthy improvements in comparison to multiple baselines. Code, data and models are available at https://github.com/jjyunlp/GenerationRE.

Reliable Data Generation and Selection for Low-Resource Relation Extraction

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize long-term rewards in recommender systems. Since industrial recommender systems are typically designed as multi-stage systems, RL methods with a single agent face challenges when optimizing multiple stages simultaneously. The reason is that different stages have different observation spaces, and thus cannot be modeled by a single agent. To address this issue, we propose a novel UNidirectional-EXecution-based multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (UNEX-RL) framework to reinforce the long-term rewards in multi-stage recommender systems. We use the unidirectional execution to model the information flow in multi-stage recommender systems, which is a key difference between multi-stage recommender systems and traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) applications. Then, we show that the training of MARL in multi-stage recommender systems faces two challenges, namely the observation dependency and the cascading effect. To tackle these challenges, we provide a cascading information chain (CIC) method to train UNEX-RL effectively. We also discuss practical variance reduction techniques for UNEX-RL. Finally, we show the effectiveness of UNEX-RL on both public datasets and an online recommender system with over 100 million users. Specifically, UNEX-RL reveals a 0.558% gain in users' watch time compared with single-agent RL algorithms in online experiments, highlighting the effectiveness of UNEX-RL in industrial recommender systems.

Unsupervised Group Re-identification via Adaptive Clustering-Driven Progressive Learning

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Decoding AI’s Nudge: A Unified Framework to Predict Human Behavior in AI-Assisted Decision Making | VIDEO

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Unsupervised Group Re-identification via Adaptive Clustering-Driven Progressive Learning

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Next from AAAI 2024

Decoding AI’s Nudge: A Unified Framework to Predict Human Behavior in AI-Assisted Decision Making | VIDEO

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