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Few-shot learning poses a formidable challenge as it necessitates effective recognition of novel classes based on a limited set of examples. Recent studies have sought to address the challenge of rare samples by tuning visual features through the utilization of external text prompts. However, the performance of these methods is constrained due to the inherent modality gap between the prompt text and image features. Instead of naively utilizing the external semantic information generated from text to guide the training of the image encoder, we propose a novel self-prompt mechanism (SPM) to adaptively adjust the neural network according to unseen data. Specifically, SPM involves a systematic selection of intrinsic semantic features generated by the image encoder across spatial and channel dimensions, thereby engendering self-prompt information. Subsequently, upon backpropagation of this self-prompt information to the deeper layers of the neural network, it effectively steers the network toward the learning and adaptation of new samples. Meanwhile, we propose a novel parameter-efficient tuning method that exclusively fine-tunes the parameters relevant to self-prompt (prompts are no more than 2% of the total parameters), and the incorporation of additional learnable parameters as self-prompt ensures the retention of prior knowledge through frozen encoder weights. Therefore, our method is highly suited for few-shot recognition tasks that require both information retention and adaptive adjustment of network parameters with limited labeling data constraints. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SPM in both 5-way 1-shot and 5-way 5-shot settings for standard single-domain and cross-domain few-shot recognition datasets, respectively. Our code is available at https://github.com/codeshop715/SPM.

AAAI 2024

Self-Prompt Mechanism for Few-Shot Image Recognition

prompt learning

few-shot learning

fine-tuning

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

Stock movement prediction serves an important role in quantitative trading. Despite advances in existing models that enhance stock movement prediction by incorporating stock relations, these prediction models face two limitations, i.e., constructing either insufficient or static stock relations, which fail to effectively capture the complex dynamic stock relations because such complex dynamic stock relations are influenced by various factors in the ever-changing financial market. To tackle the above limitations, we propose a novel stock movement prediction model ECHO-GL based on stock relations derived from earnings calls. ECHO-GL not only constructs comprehensive stock relations by exploiting the rich semantic information in the earnings calls but also captures the movement signals between related stocks based on multimodal and heterogeneous graph learning. Moreover, ECHO-GL customizes learnable stock stochastic processes based on the post earnings announcement drift (PEAD) phenomenon to generate the temporal stock price trajectory, which can be easily plugged into any investment strategy with different time horizons to meet investment demands. Extensive experiments on two financial datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of ECHO-GL on stock price movement prediction tasks together with high prediction accuracy and trading profitability.

ECHO-GL: Earnings Calls-Driven Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Stock Movement Prediction | VIDEO

Automatic polyp segmentation from colonoscopy videos is pivotal for advancing computer-aided screening and diagnostic systems. However, accurate and real-time video polyp segmentation (VPS) is a very challenging task due to low contrast between background and polyps and frame-to-frame dramatic variations in colonoscopy videos. We propose a novel embedding-unleashing framework consisting of a proposal-generative network (PGN) and an appearance-embedding network (AEN) to comprehensively address these challenges. Our framework, for the first time, models VPS as an appearance-level semantic embedding process to facilitate generate more global information to counteract background disturbances and dramatic variations. Specifically, PGN is a video segmentation network to obtain segmentation mask proposals, while AEN is a network we specially designed to produce appearance-level embedding semantics for PGN, thereby unleashing the capability of PGN in VPS. Our AEN consists of a cross-scale region linking (CRL) module and a cross-wise scale alignment (CSA) module. The former screens reliable background information against background disturbances by constructing linking of region semantics, while the latter performs the scale alignment to resist dramatic variations by modeling the center-perceived motion dependence with a cross-wise manner. We further introduce a parameter-free semantic interaction to embed the semantics of AEN into PGN to obtain the segmentation results. Extensive experiments on CVC-612 and SUN-SEG demonstrate that our approach achieves better performance than other state-of-the-art methods. Codes are available at https://github.com/zhixue-fang/EUVPS.

An Embedding-Unleashing Video Polyp Segmentation Framework via Region Linking and Scale Alignment

Recently, an enormous amount of research has emerged on multimodal knowledge graph completion (MKGC), which seeks to extract knowledge from multimodal data and predict the most plausible missing facts to complete a given multimodal knowledge graph (MKG). However, existing MKGC approaches largely ignore that visual information may introduce noise and lead to uncertainty when adding them to the traditional KG embeddings due to the contribution of each associated image to entity is different in diverse link scenarios. Moreover, treating each triple independently when learning entity embeddings leads to local structural and the whole graph information missing. To address these challenges, we propose a novel link aware fusion and aggregation based multimodal knowledge graph completion model named LAFA, which is composed of link aware fusion module and link aware aggregation module. The link aware fusion module alleviates noise of irrelevant visual information by calculating the importance between an entity and its associated images in different link scenarios, and fuses the visual and structural embeddings according to the importance through our proposed modality embedding fusion mechanism. The link aware aggregation module assigns neighbor structural information to a given central entity by calculating the importance between the entity and its neighbors, and aggregating the fused embeddings through linear combination according to the importance. Extensive experiments on standard datasets validate that LAFA can obtain state-of-the-art performance.

LAFA: Multimodal Knowledge Graph Completion with Link Aware Fusion and Aggregation

The "lifting from 2D pose" method has been the dominant approach to 3D Human Pose Estimation (3DHPE) due to the powerful visual analysis ability of 2D pose estimators. Widely known, there exists a depth ambiguity problem when estimating solely from 2D pose, where one 2D pose can be mapped to multiple 3D poses. Intuitively, the rich semantic and texture information in images can contribute to a more accurate "lifting" procedure. Yet, existing research encounters two primary challenges. Firstly, the distribution of image data in 3D motion capture datasets is too narrow because of the laboratorial environment, which leads to poor generalization ability of methods trained with image information. Secondly, effective strategies for leveraging image information are lacking. In this paper, we give new insight into the cause of poor generalization problems and the effectiveness of image features. Based on that, we propose an advanced framework. Specifically, the framework consists of two stages. First, we enable the keypoints to query and select the beneficial features from all image patches. To reduce the keypoints attention to inconsequential background features, we design a novel Pose-guided Transformer Layer, which adaptively limits the updates to unimportant image patches. Then, through a designed Adaptive Feature Selection Module, we prune less significant image patches from the feature map. In the second stage, we allow the keypoints to further emphasize the retained critical image features. This progressive learning approach prevents further training on insignificant image features. Experimental results show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on both the Human3.6M dataset and the MPI-INF-3DHP dataset.

Lifting by Image – Leveraging Image Cues for Accurate 3D Human Pose Estimation

Large language model-based explainable recommendation (LLM-based ER) systems can provide remarkable human-like explanations and have widely received attention from researchers. However, the original LLM-based ER systems face three low-quality problems in their generated explanations, i.e., lack of personalization, inconsistency, and questionable explanation data. To address these problems, we propose a novel LLM-based ER model denoted as LLM2ER to serve as a backbone and devise two innovative explainable quality reward models for fine-tuning such a backbone in a reinforcement learning paradigm, ultimately yielding a fine-tuned model denoted as LLM2ER-EQR, which can provide high-quality explanations. LLM2ER-EQR can generate personalized, informative, and consistent high-quality explanations learned from questionable-quality explanation datasets. Extensive experiments conducted on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our model can generate fluent, diverse, informative, and highly personalized explanations.

Fine-Tuning Large Language Model Based Explainable Recommendation with Explainable Quality Reward | VIDEO

RGBT tracking has been widely used in various fields such as robotics, surveillance processing, and autonomous driving. Existing RGBT trackers fully explore the spatial information between the template and the search region and locate the target based on the appearance matching results. However, these RGBT trackers have very limited exploitation of temporal information, either ignoring temporal information or exploiting it through online sampling and training. The former struggles to cope with the object state changes, while the latter neglects the correlation between spatial and temporal information. To alleviate these limitations, we propose a novel Temporal Adaptive RGBT Tracking framework, named as TATrack. TATrack has a spatio-temporal two-stream structure and captures temporal information by an online updated template, where the two-stream structure refers to the multi-modal feature extraction and cross-modal interaction for the initial template and the online update template respectively. TATrack contributes to comprehensively exploit spatio-temporal information and multi-modal information for target localization. In addition, we design a spatio-temporal interaction (STI) mechanism that bridges two branches and enables cross-modal interaction to span longer time scales. Extensive experiments on three popular RGBT tracking benchmarks show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance, while running at real-time speed.

Temporal Adaptive RGBT Tracking with Modality Prompt

Knowledge-grounded Dialogue Response Generation (KRG) can facilitate informative and fidelity dialogues using external knowledge. Prior monolingual works can only use the knowledge of the corresponding native language. Thus, due to the prohibitive costs of collecting and constructing external knowledge bases, the limited scale of accessible external knowledge always constrains the ability of KRG, especially in low-resource language scenarios.  To this end, we propose a new task, Multi-Source Multilingual Knowledge-Grounded Response Generation (MMKRG), which simultaneously uses multiple knowledge sources of different languages. We notice that simply combining knowledge of different languages is inefficient due to the Cross-Conflict  issue and Cross-Repetition issue. Thus, we propose a novel approach MMK-BART, which uses a simple but elegant Estimate-Cluster-Penalize mechanism to overcome the mentioned issues and adopts the multilingual language model mBART as the backbone. Meanwhile, based on the recent multilingual corpus XDailyDialog, we propose an MMKRG dataset MMK-DailyDialog, which has been aligned to the large-scale multilingual commonsense knowledge base ConceptNet and supports four languages (English, Chinese, German, and Italian). Extensive experiments have verified the effectiveness of our dataset and approach in monolingual, cross-lingual, and multilingual scenarios.

Improving Open-Domain Dialogue Response Generation with Multi-Source Multilingual Commonsense Knowledge

This paper focuses on addressing the issue of image demoireing. Unlike the large volume of existing studies that rely on learning from paired real data, we attempt to learn a demoireing model from unpaired real data, i.e., moire images associated with irrelevant clean images. The proposed method, referred to as Unpaired Demoireing (UnDeM), synthesizes pseudo moire images from unpaired datasets, generating pairs with clean images for training demoireing models. To achieve this, we divide real moire images into patches and group them in compliance with their moire complexity. We introduce a novel moire generation framework to synthesize moire images with diverse moire features, resembling real moire patches, and details akin to real moire-free images. Additionally, we introduce an adaptive denoise method to eliminate the low-quality pseudo moire images that adversely impact the learning of demoireing models. We conduct extensive experiments on the commonly-used FHDMi and UHDM datasets. Results manifest that our UnDeM performs better than existing methods when using existing demoireing models such as MBCNN and ESDNet-L.

Learning Image Demoireing from Unpaired Real Data

Despite having achieved remarkable success for aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), deep neural networks are susceptible to spurious correlations between input features and output labels, leading to poor robustness. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose a novel Counterfactual-Enhanced Information Bottleneck framework (called CEIB), which extends the information bottleneck (IB) to a factual-counterfactual balancing setting to learn a more robust model, with the help of counterfactual data augmentation. Concretely, we first devise a multi-pattern prompting method, which utilizes the large language model (LLM) to generate high-quality counterfactual samples. Then, we employ the information bottleneck principle and separate the mutual information into factual and counterfactual parts. In this way, we can balance the predictive information of these two parts to learn effective yet robust representations for the ABSA task. Extensive experiments on five benchmark ABSA datasets demonstrate that our CEIB method achieves overall better prediction performance and robustness than the state-of-the-art baselines. Code and data to reproduce the results in this paper is available at: https://github.com/shesshan/CEIB.

Counterfactual-Enhanced Information Bottleneck for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis

Hands are the main medium when people interact with the world. Generating proper 3D motion for hand-object interaction is vital for applications such as virtual reality and robotics. Although grasp tracking or object manipulation synthesis can produce coarse hand motion, this kind of motion is inevitably noisy and full of jitter. To address this problem, we propose a data-driven method for coarse motion refinement. First, we design a hand-centric representation to describe the dynamic spatial-temporal relation between hands and objects. Compared to the object-centric representation, our hand-centric representation is straightforward and does not require an ambiguous projection process that converts object-based prediction into hand motion. Second, to capture the dynamic clues of hand-object interaction, we propose a new architecture that models the spatial and temporal structure in a hierarchical manner. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms previous methods by a noticeable margin.

Self-Prompt Mechanism for Few-Shot Image Recognition

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ECHO-GL: Earnings Calls-Driven Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Stock Movement Prediction | VIDEO

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Self-Prompt Mechanism for Few-Shot Image Recognition

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Next from AAAI 2024

ECHO-GL: Earnings Calls-Driven Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Stock Movement Prediction | VIDEO

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COMPANY

RESOURCES

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