Canada

Recently Text-to-Video (T2V) synthesis has undergone a breakthrough by training transformers or diffusion models on large-scale datasets. Nevertheless, inferring such large models incurs huge costs. Previous inference acceleration works either require costly retraining or are model-specific. To address this issue, instead of retraining we explore the inference process of two mainstream T2V models using transformers and diffusion models. The exploration reveals the redundancy in temporal attention modules of both models, which are commonly utilized to establish temporal relations among frames. Consequently, we propose a training-free and generalized pruning strategy called F3-Pruning to prune redundant temporal attention weights. Specifically, when aggregate temporal attention values are ranked below a certain ratio, corresponding weights will be pruned. Extensive experiments on three datasets using a classic transformer-based model CogVideo and a typical diffusion-based model Tune-A-Video verify the effectiveness of F3-Pruning in inference acceleration, quality assurance and broad applicability.

AAAI 2024

F3-Pruning: A Training-Free and Generalized Pruning Strategy towards Faster and Finer Text-to-Video Synthesis

video synthesis

model compression

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

Neural construction models have shown promising performance for Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) by adopting either the Autoregressive (AR) or Non-Autoregressive (NAR) learning approach. While AR models produce high-quality solutions, they generally have a high inference latency due to their sequential generation nature. Conversely, NAR models generate solutions in parallel with a low inference latency but generally exhibit inferior performance. In this paper, we propose a generic Guided Non-Autoregressive Knowledge Distillation (GNARKD) method to obtain high-performance NAR models having a low inference latency. GNARKD removes the constraint of sequential generation in AR models while preserving the learned pivotal components in the network architecture to obtain the corresponding NAR models through knowledge distillation. We evaluate GNARKD by applying it to three widely adopted AR models to obtain NAR VRP solvers for both synthesized and real-world instances. The experimental results demonstrate that GNARKD significantly reduces the inference time (4-5 times faster) with acceptable performance drop (2-3\%). To the best of our knowledge, this study is first-of-its-kind to obtain NAR VRP solvers from AR ones through knowledge distillation.

Distilling Autoregressive Models to Obtain High-Performance Non-autoregressive Solvers for Vehicle Routing Problems with Faster Inference Speed | VIDEO

Federated learning (FL) has attracted growing attention since it allows for privacy-preserving collaborative training on decentralized clients without explicitly uploading sensitive data to the central server. However, recent works have revealed that it still has the risk of exposing private data to adversaries. In this paper, we conduct reconstruction attacks and enhance inference attacks on various datasets to better understand that sharing trained classification model parameters to a central server is the main problem of privacy leakage in FL. To tackle this problem, a privacy-preserving image distribution sharing scheme with GAN (PPIDSG) is proposed, which consists of a block scrambling-based encryption algorithm, an image distribution sharing method, and local classification training. Specifically, our method can capture the distribution of a target image domain which is transformed by the block encryption algorithm, and upload generator parameters to avoid classifier sharing with negligible influence on model performance. Furthermore, we apply a feature extractor to motivate model utility and train it separately from the classifier. The extensive experimental results and security analyses demonstrate the superiority of our proposed scheme compared to other state-of-the-art defense methods. The code is available at https://github.com/ytingma/PPIDSG.

PPIDSG: A Privacy-Preserving Image Distribution Sharing Scheme with GAN in Federated Learning | VIDEO

Multi-view K-means clustering successfully generalizes K-means from single-view to multi-view, and obtains excellent clustering performance. In every view, it makes each data point close to the center of the corresponding cluster. However, multi-view K-means only considers the compactness of each cluster, but ignores the separability of different clusters, which is of great importance to producing a good clustering result. In this paper, we propose Discriminatively Fuzzy Multi-view K-means clustering with Local Structure Preserving (DFMKLS). On the basis of minimizing the distance between each data point and the center of the corresponding cluster, DFMKLS separates clusters by maximizing the distance between the centers of pairwise clusters. DFMKLS also relaxes its objective by introducing the idea of fuzzy clustering, which calculates the probability that a data point belongs to each cluster. Considering multi-view K-means mainly focuses on the global information of the data, to efficiently use the local information, we integrate the local structure preserving into the framework of DFMKLS. The effectiveness of DFMKLS is evaluated on benchmark multi-view datasets. It obtains superior performances than state-of-the-art multi-view clustering methods, including multi-view K-means.

Discriminatively Fuzzy Multi-View K-means Clustering with Local Structure Preserving

Inferring the private information of humans from their strategic behavioral data is crucial and challenging. The main approach is first obtaining human behavior functions (which map public information and human private information to behavior), enabling subsequent inference of private information from observed behavior. Most existing studies rely on strong equilibrium assumptions to obtain behavior functions. Our work focuses on continuous double auctions, where multiple traders with heterogeneous rationalities and beliefs dynamically trade commodities and deriving equilibria is generally intractable. We develop a knowledge-aware machine learning-based framework to infer each trader's private cost vectors for producing different units of its commodity. Our key idea is to learn behavior functions by incorporating the statistical knowledge about private costs given the observed trader asking behavior across the population. Specifically, we first use a neural network to characterize each trader's behavior function. Second, we leverage the statistical knowledge to derive the posterior distribution of each trader's private costs given its observed asks. Third, through designing a novel loss function, we utilize the knowledge-based posterior distributions to guide the learning of the neural network. We conduct extensive experiments on a large experimental dataset, and demonstrate the superior performance of our framework over baselines in inferring the private information of humans.

Data-Driven Knowledge-Aware Inference of Private Information in Continuous Double Auctions

The multimodal recommendation has gradually become the infrastructure of online media platforms, enabling them to provide personalized service to users through a joint modeling of user historical behaviors (e.g., purchases, clicks) and item various modalities (e.g., visual and textual). The majority of existing studies typically focus on utilizing modal features or modal-related graph structure to learn user local interests. Nevertheless, these approaches encounter two limitations: (1) Shared updates of user ID embeddings result in the consequential coupling between collaboration and multimodal signals; (2) Lack of exploration into robust global user interests to alleviate the sparse interaction problems faced by local interest modeling. To address these issues, we propose a novel Local and Global Graph Learning-guided Multimodal Recommender (LGMRec), which jointly models local and global user interests. Specifically, we present a local graph embedding module to independently learn collaborative-related and modality-related embeddings of users and items with local topological relations. Moreover, a global hypergraph embedding module is designed to capture global user and item embeddings by modeling insightful global dependency relations. The global embeddings acquired within the hypergraph embedding space can then be combined with two decoupled local embeddings to improve the accuracy and robustness of recommendations. Extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our LGMRec over various state-of-the-art recommendation baselines, showcasing its effectiveness in modeling both local and global user interests.

LGMRec: Local and Global Graph Learning for Multimodal Recommendation

Data augmentation methods are commonly integrated into the training of anomaly detection models. Previous approaches have primarily focused on replicating real-world anomalies or enhancing diversity, without considering that the standard of anomaly varies across different classes, potentially leading to a biased training distribution. This paper analyzes crucial traits of simulated anomalies that contribute to the training of reconstructive networks and condenses them into several methods, thus creating a comprehensive framework by selectively utilizing appropriate combinations. Furthermore, we integrate this framework with a reconstruction-based approach and concurrently propose a split training strategy that alleviates the issue of overfitting while avoiding introducing interference to the reconstruction process. The evaluations conducted on the MVTec anomaly detection dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms the previous state-of-the-art approach, particularly in terms of object classes. To evaluate generalizability, we generate a simulated dataset comprising anomalies with diverse characteristics since the original test samples only include specific types of anomalies and may lead to biased evaluations. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach exhibits promising potential for generalizing effectively to various unforeseen anomalies encountered in real-world scenarios.

A Comprehensive Augmentation Framework for Anomaly Detection | VIDEO

Few-shot named entity recognition (NER) aims to recognize novel named entities in low-resource domains utilizing existing knowledge. However, the present few-shot NER models assume that the labeled data are all clean without noise or outliers, and there are few works focusing on the robustness of the cross-domain transfer learning ability to textual adversarial attacks in Few-shot NER. In this work, we comprehensively explore and assess the robustness of few-shot NER models under textual adversarial attack scenario, and found the vulnerability of existing few-shot NER models. Furthermore, we propose a robust two-stage few-shot NER method with Boundary Discrimination and Correlation Purification (BDCP). Specifically, in the span detection stage, the entity boundary discriminative module is introduced to provide a highly distinguishing boundary representation space to detect entity spans. In the entity typing stage, the correlations between entities and contexts are purified by minimizing the interference information and facilitating correlation generalization to alleviate the perturbations caused by textual adversarial attacks. In addition, we construct adversarial examples for few-shot NER based on public datasets Few-NERD and Cross-Dataset. Comprehensive evaluations on those two groups of few-shot NER datasets containing adversarial examples demonstrate the robustness and superiority of the proposed method.

Robust Few-Shot Named Entity Recognition with Boundary Discrimination and Correlation Purification

Automatically generating scripts (i.e. sequences of key steps described in text) from video demonstrations and reasoning about the subsequent steps are crucial to the modern AI virtual assistants to guide humans to complete everyday tasks, especially unfamiliar ones. However, current methods for generative script learning rely heavily on well-structured preceding steps described in text and/or images or are limited to a certain domain, resulting in a disparity with real-world user scenarios. To address these limitations, we present a new benchmark challenge – MULTISCRIPT, with two new tasks on task-oriented multimodal script learning: (1) multimodal script generation, and (2) subsequent step prediction. For both tasks, the input consists of a target task name and a video illustrating what has been done to complete the target task, and the expected output is (1) a sequence of structured step descriptions in text based on the demonstration video, and (2) a single text description for the subsequent step, respectively. Built from WikiHow, MULTISCRIPT covers multimodal scripts in videos and text descriptions for over 6,655 human everyday tasks across 19 diverse domains. To establish baseline performance on MULTISCRIPT, we propose two knowledge-guided multimodal generative frameworks that incorporate the task-related knowledge prompted from large language models such as Vicuna. Experimental results show that our proposed approaches significantly improve over the competitive baselines.

MULTISCRIPT: Multimodal Script Learning for Supporting Open Domain Everyday Tasks

Link prediction is a fundamental task of graph machine learning, and Graph Neural Network (GNN) based methods have become the mainstream approach due to their good performance. However, the typical practice learns node representations through neighborhood aggregation, lacking awareness of the structural relationships between target nodes. Recently, some methods have attempted to address this issue by node labeling tricks. However, they still rely on the node-centric neighborhood message passing of GNNs, which we believe involves two limitations in terms of information perception and transmission for link prediction. First, it cannot perceive long-range structural information due to the restricted receptive fields. Second, there may be information loss of node-centric model on link-centric task. In addition, we empirically find that the neighbor node features could introduce noise for link prediction. To address these issues, we propose a structural information enhanced link prediction framework, which involves removing the neighbor node features while fitting neighborhood graph structures more focused through GNN. Furthermore, we introduce Binary Structural Transformer (BST) to encode the structural relationships between target nodes, complementing the deficiency of GNN. Our approach achieves remarkable results on multiple popular benchmarks, including ranking first on ogbl-ppa, ogbl-citation2 and Pubmed.

Structural Information Enhanced Graph Representation for Link Prediction

We propose a novel single-loop decentralized algorithm, DGDA-VR, for solving the stochastic nonconvex strongly-concave minimax problems over a connected network of agents, which are equipped with stochastic first-order oracles to estimate their local gradients. DGDA-VR, incorporating variance reduction, achieves $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-3})$ oracle complexity and $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-2})$ communication complexity without resorting to multi-communication rounds -- both are optimal, i.e., matching the lower bounds for this class of problems. Since DGDA-VR does not require multiple communication rounds, it is applicable to a broader range of decentralized computational environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first distributed method using a single communication round in each iteration to jointly optimize the oracle and communication complexities for the problem considered here.

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Distilling Autoregressive Models to Obtain High-Performance Non-autoregressive Solvers for Vehicle Routing Problems with Faster Inference Speed | VIDEO

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Next from AAAI 2024

Distilling Autoregressive Models to Obtain High-Performance Non-autoregressive Solvers for Vehicle Routing Problems with Faster Inference Speed | VIDEO

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PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

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