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Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is an extensively explored research problem in the domain of computer vision and artificial intelligence. FER, a supervised learning problem, requires significant training data representative of multiple socio-cultural demographic attributes. However, most of the FER dataset consists of images annotated by humans, which propagates individual and demographic biases. This work attempts to mitigate this bias using representation learning based on latent spaces, thereby increasing a deep learning model&#39;s fairness and overall accuracy.

AAAI 2024

FAIR-FER: A Latent Alignment Approach for Mitigating Bias in Facial Expression Recognition (Student Abstract)

peai

machine learning

computer vision

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is an extensively explored research problem in the domain of computer vision and artificial intelligence. FER, a supervised learning problem, requires significant training data representative of multiple socio-cultural demographic attributes. However, most of the FER dataset consists of images annotated by humans, which propagates individual and demographic biases. This work attempts to mitigate this bias using representation learning based on latent spaces, thereby increasing a deep learning model's fairness and overall accuracy.

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. This paper presents COPD-FlowNet, a novel deep-learning framework that leverages a custom Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate synthetic Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) velocity flow field images specific to the trachea of COPD patients. These synthetic images serve as a valuable resource for data augmentation and model training. Additionally, COPD-FlowNet incorporates a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture to predict the location of the obstruction site.

COPD-FlowNet: Elevating Non-invasive COPD Diagnosis with CFD Simulations (Student Abstract)

Influence Maximization is the task of selecting optimal nodes maximising the influence spread in social networks. This study proposes a Discretized Quantum-based Salp Swarm Algorithm (DQSSA) for optimizing influence diffusion in social networks. By discretizing meta-heuristic algorithms and infusing them with quantum-inspired enhancements, we address issues like premature convergence and low efficacy. The proposed method, guided by quantum principles, offers a promising solution for Influence Maximisation. Experiments on four real-world datasets reveal DQSSA's superior performance as compared to established cutting-edge algorithms.

DQSSA: A Quantum-Inspired Solution for Maximizing Influence in Online Social Networks (Student Abstract)

With the help of Vision transformers (ViTs), medical image segmentation was able to achieve outstanding performance. In particular, they overcome the limitation of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which rely on local receptive fields. ViTs use self-attention mechanisms to consider relationships between all image pixels or patches simultaneously. However, they require large datasets for training and did not perform well on capturing low-level features. To that end, we propose DDViT, a novel ViT model that unites a CNN to alleviate data-hunger for medical image segmentation with two multi-scale feature representations. Significantly, our approach incorporates a ViT with a plug-in domain adapter (DA) with Double-Level Fusion (DLF) technique, complemented by a mutual knowledge distillation paradigm, facilitating the seamless exchange of knowledge between a universal network and specialized domain-specific network branches. The DLF framework plays a pivotal role in our encoder-decoder architecture, combining the innovation of the TransFuse module with a robust CNN-based encoder. Extensive experimentation across diverse medical image segmentation datasets underscores the remarkable efficacy of DDViT when compared to alternative approaches based on CNNs and Transformer-based models.

DDViT: Double-Level Fusion Domain Adapter Vision Transformer (Student Abstract)

Reverse engineering involves analyzing the design, architecture, and functionality of systems, and is crucial for legacy systems. Legacy systems are outdated software systems that are still in use and often lack proper documentation, which makes their maintenance and evolution challenging. To address this, we introduce SC2Req, utilizing the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) for automated code analysis and requirement generation. This approach aims to convert source code into understandable requirements and bridge the gap between those two. Through experiments on diverse software projects, SC2Req shows the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the translation process. This approach not only facilitates faster software development and easier maintenance of legacy systems but also lays a strong foundation for future research, promoting better understanding and communication in software development.

Bridging the Gap between Source Code and Requirements Using GPT (Student Abstract)

Implicit field representations offer an effective way of generating 3D object shapes. They leverage an implicit decoder (IM-NET) trained to take a 3D point coordinate concatenated with a shape encoding and to output a value indicating whether the point is outside the shape. This approach enables the efficient rendering of visually plausible objects but also has some significant limitations, resulting in a cumbersome training procedure and empty spaces within the rendered mesh. In this paper, we introduce a new HyperCube architecture based on interval arithmetic that enables direct processing of 3D voxels, trained using a hypernetwork paradigm to enforce model convergence. The code is available at https://github.com/mproszewska/hypercube.

HyperCube: Implicit Field Representations of Voxelized 3D Models (Student Abstract) | VIDEO

Federated Learning is an effective approach for learning from data distributed across multiple institutions. While most existing studies are aimed at improving predictive accuracy of models, little work has been done to explain knowledge differences between institutions and the benefits of collaboration. Understanding these differences is critical in cross-silo federated learning domains, e.g., in healthcare or banking, where each institution or silo has a different underlying distribution and stakeholders want to understand how their institution compares to their partners. We introduce Prototype-Informed Cross-Silo Router (PICSR) which utilizes a mixture of experts approach to combine local models derived from multiple silos. Furthermore, by computing data similarity to prototypical samples from each silo, we are able to ground the router’s predictions in the underlying dataset distributions. Experiments on a real-world heart disease prediction dataset show that PICSR retains high performance while enabling further explanations on the differences among institutions compared to a single black-box model.

PICSR: Prototype-Informed Cross-Silo Router for Federated Learning (Student Abstract)

How are people able to plan so efficiently despite limited cognitive resources? We aimed to answer this question by extending an existing model of human task decomposition that can explain a wide range of simple planning problems by adding structure information to the task to facilitate planning in more complex tasks. The extended model was then applied to a more complex planning domain of spatial navigation. Our results suggest that our framework can correctly predict the navigation strategies of the majority of the participants in an online experiment.

Structurally Guided Task Decomposition in Spatial Navigation Tasks (Student Abstract) | VIDEO

To enhance the computational efficiency of quantized Transformers, we replace the dot-product and Softmax-based attention with an alternative mechanism involving addition and ReLU activation only. This side-steps the expansion to double precision often required by matrix multiplication and avoids costly Softmax evaluations but maintains much of the core functionality of conventional dot-product attention. It can enable more efficient execution and support larger quantized Transformer models on resource-constrained hardware or alternative arithmetic systems like homomorphic encryption. Training experiments on four common benchmark tasks show test set prediction scores comparable to those of conventional Transformers with dot-product attention. Our scaling experiments also suggest significant computational savings, both in plaintext and under encryption. 
In particular, we believe that the ReLU and addition-based attention mechanism introduced in this paper may enable privacy-preserving AI applications operating under homomorphic encryption by avoiding the costly multiplication of encrypted variables.

The Inhibitor: ReLU and Addition-Based Attention for Efficient Transformers (Student Abstract)

The Transformer architecture has seen a lot of attention in recent years also thanks to its ability to scale well and allow massive parallelism during training. This has made possible the development of Language Models (LMs) of increasing size and the discovery of latent abilities that completely outclass traditional methods e.g. rule-based systems. However, they also introduced new issues, like their inability to retain the history of previous interactions due to their stateless nature or the difficulty in controlling their generation. Different attempts have been made to address these issues, e.g. a `brute force' approach to solving the memory issue is to include the full conversation history in the context window, a solution that is limited by the quadratic scalability of Transformers. In this work, we explore computationally practical solutions to the memory problem. We propose to augment the decoder-only architecture of (most) Large LMs with a (relatively small) memory encoder. Its output is prepended to the decoder's input in a similar fashion to recent works in Adapters and the original Transformer architecture. Initial experiments show promising results, however future work is needed to compare with State-of-the-Art methods.

Memory-Augmenting Decoder-Only Language Models through Encoders (Student Abstract) | VIDEO

We present a novel tool BertRLFuzzer, a BERT and Reinforcement Learning (RL) based fuzzer aimed at finding security vulnerabilities for Web applications. BertRLFuzzer works as follows: given a set of seed inputs, the fuzzer performs grammar-adhering and attack-provoking mutation operations on them to generate candidate attack vectors. The key insight of BertRLFuzzer is the use of RL with a BERT model as an agent to guide the fuzzer to efficiently learn grammar-adhering and attack-provoking mutation operators. In order to establish the efficacy of BertRLFuzzer we compare it against a total of 13 black box and white box fuzzers over a benchmark of 9 victim websites with over 16K LOC. We observed a significant improvement, relative to the nearest competing tool in terms of time to first attack (54% less), new vulnerabilities found (17 new vulnerabilities), and attack rate (4.4% more attack vectors generated).

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FAIR-FER: A Latent Alignment Approach for Mitigating Bias in Facial Expression Recognition (Student Abstract)

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COPD-FlowNet: Elevating Non-invasive COPD Diagnosis with CFD Simulations (Student Abstract)

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FAIR-FER: A Latent Alignment Approach for Mitigating Bias in Facial Expression Recognition (Student Abstract)

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COPD-FlowNet: Elevating Non-invasive COPD Diagnosis with CFD Simulations (Student Abstract)

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