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This paper explains the participation of team Hitachi to SemEval-2023 Task 3 &quot;Detecting the genre, the framing, and the persuasion techniques in online news in a multi-lingual setup.&quot; Based on the multilingual, multi-task nature of the task and the low-resource setting, we investigated different cross-lingual and multi-task strategies for training the pretrained language models. Through extensive experiments, we found that (a) cross-lingual/multi-task training, and (b) collecting an external balanced dataset, can benefit the genre and framing detection. We constructed ensemble models from the results and achieved the highest macro-averaged F1 scores in Italian and Russian genre categorization subtasks.

ACL 2023

Hitachi at SemEval-2023 Task 3: Exploring Cross-lingual Multi-task Strategies for Genre and Framing Detection in Online News

propaganda

news

pretrained language model

multi-task

ensemble

fact verification

cross-lingual

text classification

multilingual

### Welcome to ACL 2023, the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics! 
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The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) is the premier international scientific and professional society for people working on computational problems involving human language, a field often referred to as either computational linguistics or natural language processing.

This paper explains the participation of team Hitachi to SemEval-2023 Task 3 "Detecting the genre, the framing, and the persuasion techniques in online news in a multi-lingual setup." Based on the multilingual, multi-task nature of the task and the low-resource setting, we investigated different cross-lingual and multi-task strategies for training the pretrained language models. Through extensive experiments, we found that (a) cross-lingual/multi-task training, and (b) collecting an external balanced dataset, can benefit the genre and framing detection. We constructed ensemble models from the results and achieved the highest macro-averaged F1 scores in Italian and Russian genre categorization subtasks.

workshop paper

This paper describes our participation in SemEval-2023 Task 4, ValueEval: Identification of Human Values behind Arguments. The aim of this task is to identify whether or not an input text supports each of the 20 pre-defined human values. Previous work on human value detection has shown the effectiveness of a sequence classification approach using BERT. However, little is known about what type of task formulation is suitable for the task. To this end, this paper explores various task formulations, including sequence classification, question answering, and question
answering with chain-of-thought prompting and evaluates their performances on the shared task dataset. Experiments show that a zero-shot approach is not as effective as other methods, and there is no one approach that is optimal in every scenario. Our analysis also reveals that utilizing the descriptions of human values can help to improve performance.

Hitachi at SemEval-2023 Task 4: Exploring Various Task Formulations Reveals the Importance of Description Texts on Human Values

This presentation describes the system that we used to participate in SemEval 2023 task 10. Our system is an ensemble of different variants of fine-tuned DeBERTa models that employs a $k$-fold cross-validation. We have participated in the three tasks A, B and C. Our model ranked $2^{nd}$ position in tasks A, $7^{th}$ in task B and $4^{th}$ in task C

{FiRC at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Fine-grained Classification of Online Sexism Content Using DeBERTa

This paper describes our system designed for SemEval-2023 Task 12: Sentiment analysis for African languages. The challenge faced by this task is the scarcity of labeled data and linguistic resources in low-resource settings. To alleviate these, we propose a generalized multilingual system SACL-XLMR for sentiment analysis on low-resource languages. Specifically, we design a lexicon-based multilingual BERT to facilitate language adaptation and sentimentaware representation learning. Besides, we apply a supervised adversarial contrastive learning technique to learn sentiment-spread structured representations and enhance model generalization. Our system achieved competitive results, largely outperforming baselines on both multilingual and zero-shot sentiment classification subtasks. Notably, the system obtained the 1st rank on the zero-shot classification subtask in the official ranking. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our system.

UCAS-IIE-NLP at SemEval-2023 Task 12: Enhancing Generalization of Multilingual BERT for Low-resource Sentiment Analysis

With the increasing number of clinical trial reports generated every day, it is becoming hard to keep up with novel discoveries that inform evidence-based healthcare recommendations. To help automate this process and assist medical experts, NLP solutions are being developed. This motivated the SemEval-2023 Task 7, where the goal was to develop an NLP system for two tasks: evidence retrieval and natural language inference from clinical trial data. In this paper, we describe our two developed systems. The first one is a pipeline system that models the two tasks separately, while the second one is a joint system that learns the two tasks simultaneously with a shared representation and a multi-task learning approach. The final system combines their outputs in an ensemble system. We formalize the models, present their characteristics and challenges, and provide an analysis of achieved results. Our system ranked 3rd out of 40 participants with a final submission.

Sebis at SemEval-2023 Task 7: A Joint System for Natural Language Inference and Evidence Retrieval from Clinical Trial Reports

In this paper, we introduce our submission in the task of visual word sense disambiguation (V-WSD). Our proposed solution operates by deriving quasi-symbolic semantic categories from the hidden representations of multi-modal text-image encoders. Our results are mixed, as we manage to achieve a substantial boost
in performance when evaluating on a validation set, however, we experienced detrimental effects during evaluation on the actual test set. Our positive results on the validation set confirms the validity of the quasi-symbolic features, whereas our results on the test set revealed that the proposed technique was not able to cope with the sufficiently different distribution of the test data.

SzegedAI at SemEval-2023 Task 1: Applying Quasi-Symbolic Representations in Visual Word Sense Disambiguation

We describe the systems of the University of Alberta team for the SemEval-2023 Visual Word Sense Disambiguation (V-WSD) Task. We present a novel algorithm that leverages glosses retrieved from BabelNet, in combination with text and image encoders. Furthermore, we compare language-specific encoders against the application of English encoders to translated texts. As the contexts given in the task datasets are extremely short, we also experiment with augmenting these contexts with descriptions generated by a language model. This yields substantial improvements in accuracy. We describe and evaluate additional V-WSD methods which use image generation and text-conditioned image segmentation. Overall, the results of our official submission rank us 18 out of 56 teams. Some of our unofficial results are even better than the official ones.

UAlberta at SemEval-2023 Task 1: Context Augmentation and Translation for Multilingual Visual Word Sense Disambiguation

We present the system proposed by the MilaNLP team for the Explainable Detection of Online Sexism (EDOS) shared task.
We propose an ensemble modeling approach to combine different classifiers trained with domain adaptation objectives and standard fine-tuning.
Our results show that the ensemble is more robust than individual models and that regularized models generate more ``conservative'' predictions, mitigating the effects of lexical overfitting.
However, our error analysis also finds that many of the misclassified instances are debatable, raising questions about the objective annotatability of hate speech data.

MilaNLP at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Ensembling Domain-Adapted and Regularized Pretrained Language Models for Robust Sexism Detection

This paper describes the system we used to participate in the shared task (Kiesel et al., 2023),
as well as additional experiments beyond the
scope of the shared task, but using its data. Our
primary goal is to compare the effectiveness of
transformers model compared to low-resource
dictionaries. Secondly, we compare the difference in performance of a learned dictionary
and of a dictionary designed by experts in the
field of values. Our findings surprisingly show
that transformers perform on par with a dictionary containing less than 1k words, when
evaluated with 19 fine-grained categories, and
only outperform a dictionary-based approach
in a coarse setting with 10 categories. Interestingly, the expert dictionary has a precision
on par with the learned one, while its recall is
clearly lower, potentially an indication of overfitting of topics to values in the shared task’s
dataset. Our findings should be of interest to
both the NLP and Value scientific communities
on the use of automated approaches for value
classification.


TeamEC at SemEval-2023 Task 4: Transformers vs. Low-Resource Dictionaries, Expert Dictionary vs. Learned Dictionary

This paper presents the submissions of the DH- FBK team for the three tasks of Task 10 at SemEval 2023. The Explainable Detection of Online Sexism (EDOS) task aims at detecting sexism in English text in an accurate and ex- plainable way, thanks to a fine-grained annota- tion that follows a three-level schema: sexist or not (Task A), category of sexism (Task B) and vector of sexism (Task C) exhibited. We use a multi-task learning approach in which models share representations from all three tasks, al- lowing for knowledge to be shared across them. Notably, with our approach a single model can solve all three tasks. In addition, motivated by the subjective nature of the task, we incorpo- rate inter-annotator agreement information in our multi-task architecture. Although disaggre- gated annotations are not available, we artifi- cially estimate them using a 5-classifier ensem- ble, and show that ensemble agreement can be a good approximation of crowd agreement. Our approach achieves competitive results, ranking 32nd out of 84, 24th out of 69 and 11th out of 63 for Tasks A, B and C respectively. We finally show that low inter-annotator agreement levels are associated with more challenging examples for models, making agreement information use- ful for this kind of task.

DH-FBK at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Multi-Task Learning with Classifier Ensemble Agreement for Sexism Detection

This presentation describes our approach for SemEval-2023 Task 3: Detecting the category, the framing, and the persuasion techniques in online news in a multilingual setup. For Subtask 1 (News Genre), we propose an ensemble of fully trained and adapter mBERT models which was ranked joint-first for German, and had the highest mean rank of multi-language teams. For Subtask 2 (Framing), we achieved first place in 3 languages, and the best average rank across all the languages, by using two separate ensembles: a monolingual RoBERTa-MUPPETlarge and an ensemble of XLM-RoBERTaLARGE with adapters and task adaptive pretraining. For Subtask 3 (Persuasion Techniques), we trained a monolingual RoBERTa-Base model for English and a multilingual mBERT model for the remaining languages, which achieved top 10 for all languages, including 2nd for English. For each subtask, we compared monolingual and multilingual approaches, and considered class imbalance techniques

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Hitachi at SemEval-2023 Task 4: Exploring Various Task Formulations Reveals the Importance of Description Texts on Human Values

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SemEval-2023 Task 3: Detecting the Category, the Framing, and the Persuasion Techniques in Online News in a Multi-lingual Setup

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