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Neural Architecture Search (NAS) algorithms automate the task of finding optimal deep learning architectures given an initial search space of possible operations. Developing these search spaces is usually a manual affair with pre-optimized search spaces being more efficient, rather than searching from scratch. In this paper we present a new framework called Neural Architecture Type System (NeuralArTS) that categorizes the infinite set of network operations in a structured type system. We further demonstrate how NeuralArTS can be applied to convolutional layers and propose several future directions.

AAAI 2022

NeuralArTS: Structuring Neural Architecture Search with Type Theory (Student Abstract)

ECAI2020 featured a full programme of technical papers, as well as many AI-related events of interest for researchers, students and all attendants who are interested on contemporary AI, including:




**An extensive programme of workshops, tutorials, and invited speakers**

**The Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems conference (PAIS)**

**The Frontiers in AI track sessions**

**The Lab To Market event**

**The Women in AI time**

**The EU Challenges forum**

… and many more!

ECAI 2020

ECAI 2020 featured a full programme of technical papers, as well as many AI-related events of interest for researchers, students and all attendants who are interested on contemporary AI.

technical paper

The purpose of the AAAI conference is to promote research in artificial intelligence (AI) and scientific exchange among AI researchers, practitioners, scientists, and engineers in affiliated disciplines. 

We consider a class of visual analogical reasoning problems that involve discovering the sequence of transformations by which pairs of input/output images are related, so as to analogously transform future inputs. This program synthesis task can be easily solved via symbolic search. Using a variation of the â€˜neural analogical reasoning' approach, we instead search for a sequence of elementary neural network transformations that manipulate distributed representations derived from a symbolic space, to which input images are directly encoded. We evaluate the extent to which our â€˜neural reasoning' approach generalises for images with unseen shapes and positions.

Solving Visual Analogies Using Neural Algorithmic Reasoning (Student Abstract)

Fine-grained urban flow inference (FUFI) aims to infer the coarse-grained (CG) urban flow map to the corresponding fine-grained (FG) one, which plays an important role in efficient traffic monitoring and management in smart cities. In FUFI, the CG map can be obtained with only a small number of monitoring devices, greatly reducing the overhead of deploying devices and the costs of maintenance, labor, and electricity. Existing FUFI methods are mainly based on techniques from image super-resolution (SR) models, which cannot fully consider the influence of external factors and face the ill-posed problem in SR tasks. In this paper, we propose UFI-Flow, a novel approach for addressing the FUFI problem by learning the conditional distributions of CG and FG map pairs. Given the CG map and the latent variables, the corresponding FG map is inferred by invertible transformations. In addition, an augmented distribution fusion mechanism is further proposed to constrain the urban flow distribution within the influence of external factors. We provide a new large-scale real-world FUFI dataset and show that UFI-Flow significantly outperforms the strong baselines.

Fine-Grained Urban Flow Inference via Normalizing Flow (Student Abstract)

Control Barrier Functions have been extensively studied to ensure guaranteed safety during inter-robot interactions. In this paper, we introduce the Parametric-Control Barrier Function (Parametric-CBF), a novel variant of the traditional Control Barrier Function to extend its expressivity in describing different safe behaviors among heterogeneous robots. A parametric-CBF based framework is presented to enable the ego robot to model the neighboring robots behavior and further improve the coordination efficiency during interaction while enjoying formally provable safety guarantees. We demonstrate the usage of Parametric-CBF in behavior prediction and adaptive safe control in the ramp merging scenario.

Adaptive Safe Behavior Generation for Heterogeneous Autonomous Vehicles Using Parametric-Control Barrier Functions (Student Abstract)

Deep Neural Networks have memory and computational demands that often render them difficult to use in low-resource environments. Also, highly dense networks are over-parameterized and thus prone to overfitting. To address these problems, we introduce a novel algorithm that prunes (sparsifies) weights from the network by taking into account their magnitudes and gradients taken against a validation dataset. Unlike existing pruning methods, our method does not require the network model to be retrained once initial training is completed. On the CIFAR-10 dataset, our method reduced the number of paramters of MobileNet by a factor of 9X, from 14 million to 1.5 million, with just a 3.8% drop in accuracy.

Gradient and Mangitude Based Pruning for Sparse Deep Neural Networks

We introduce a novel technique to identify three spectra representing the three primary materials in a hyperspectral image of a scene. We accomplish this using a modified autoencoder. Further research will be conducted to verify the accuracy of these spectra.

Unsupervised Identification of Materials with Hyperspectral Images

This paper explores the importance of using optimisation techniques when tuning a machine learning model. The hyperparameters that need to be determined for the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to work most efficiently are supposed to find a value that achieves the highest recognition accuracy in a face recognition application. First, the model was trained with manual optimisation of the parameters. The highest recognition accuracy that could be achieved was 96.6% with a specific set of parameters used in the ANN. However, the error rate was at 30%, which was not optimal. After utilising Grid Search as the first automated tuning method for hyperparameters, the recognition accuracy rose to 96.9% and the error rate could be minimised to be less than 1%. Applying Random Search, a recognition accuracy of 98.1% could be achieved with the same error rate. Adding further optimisation to the results from Random Search resulted in receiving an accuracy of 98.2%. Hence, the accuracy of the facial recognition application could be increased by 1.6% by applying automated optimisation methods.
Furthermore, this paper will also deal with common issues in face recognition and focus on potential solutions.

The Importance of Hyperparameter Optimisation for Facial Recognition Applications

Intensive care in hospitals is distributed to different units that care for patient populations reflecting specific comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes. Unit expertise can be shared to potentially improve the quality of methods and outcomes for patients across units. We propose an algorithmic rule pruning approach for use in building short lists of human-interpretable rules that reliably identify patient beneficiaries of expertise transfers in the form of machine learning risk models. Our experimental results, obtained with two intensive care monitoring datasets, demonstrate the potential utility of the proposed method in practice.

Robust Rule Learning for Reliable and Interpretable Insight into Expertise Transfer Opportunities

Readers of novels need to identify and learn about the characters as they develop an understanding of the plot. The paper presents an end-to-end automated pipeline for literary character identification and ongoing work for extracting and comparing character representations for full-length English novels. The character identification pipeline involves a named entity recognition (NER) module with F1 score of 0.85, a coreference resolution module with F1 score of 0.76, and a disambiguation module using both heuristic and algorithmic approaches. Ongoing work compares event extraction as well as speech extraction pipelines for literary characters representations with case studies. The paper is the first to my knowledge that combines a modular pipeline for automated character identification, representation extraction and comparisons for full-length English novels.

An Extraction and Representation Pipeline for Literary Characters

Breast reconstruction surgery requires extensive planning, usually with a CT scan that helps surgeons identify which vessels are suitable for harvest. Currently, there is no quantitative method for preoperative planning. In this work, we successfully develop a Deep Learning algorithm to segment the vessels within the region of interest for breast reconstruction. Ultimately, this information will be used to determine the optimal reconstructive method (choice of vessels, extent of the free flap/harvested tissue) to reduce intra- and postoperative complication rates.

Deep Learning for Personalized Preoperative Planning of Microsurgical Free Tissue Transfers

After  criminal  recidivism  or  hiring  machine  learning  mod-els have inflicted harm, participatory machine learning meth-ods are often used as a corrective positioning. However, lit-tle guidance exists on how to develop participatory machinelearning  models  throughout  stages  of  the  machine  learningdevelopment  life-cycle.  Here  we  demonstrate  how  to  co-design  and  partner  with  community  groups,  in  the  specificcase of feminicide data activism. We co-designed and piloteda  machine  learning  model  for  the  detection  of  media  arti-cles  about  feminicide.  This  provides  a  feminist  perspectiveon  practicing  participatory  methods  in  a  co-creation  mind-set for the real-world scenario of monitoring violence againstwomen.

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Solving Visual Analogies Using Neural Algorithmic Reasoning (Student Abstract)

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Task-Aware Performance Prediction for Efficient Architecture Search

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Next from AAAI 2022

Solving Visual Analogies Using Neural Algorithmic Reasoning (Student Abstract)

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Task-Aware Performance Prediction for Efficient Architecture Search

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

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