United States

The increasing demand for analyzing the insights in sports has stimulated a line of productive studies from a variety of perspectives, e.g., health state monitoring, outcome prediction. In this paper, we focus on objectively judging what and where to return strokes, which is still unexplored in turn-based sports. By formulating stroke forecasting as a sequence prediction task, existing works can tackle the problem but fail to model information based on the characteristics of badminton. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Position-aware Fusion of Rally Progress and Player Styles framework (ShuttleNet) that incorporates rally progress and information of the players by two modified encoder-decoder extractors. Moreover, we design a fusion network to integrate rally contexts and contexts of the players by conditioning on information dependency and different positions. Extensive experiments on the badminton dataset demonstrate that ShuttleNet significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and also empirically validates the feasibility of each component in ShuttleNet. On top of that, we provide an analysis scenario for the stroke forecasting problem.

AAAI 2022

ShuttleNet: Position-Aware Fusion of Rally Progress and Player Styles for Stroke Forecasting in Badminton

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-23 is the Thirty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The theme of this conference is to create collaborative bridges within and beyond AI. Like previous AAAI conferences, AAAI-23 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and two new activities: a Bridge Program and a Lab Program. Many of these activities are tailored to the theme of bridges and all are selected according to the highest standards, with additional programs for students and young researchers. 
AAAI is providing you with a conference planner, which you can use to help organize your itinerary of activities. This includes talks to attend in person, talks to attend remotely, breaks with colleagues and your site seeing activities. To access this conference planner, please go to [https://aaai-2023.takemobi.io](https://aaai-2023.takemobi.io).

In order to access this site, you need to register. If you haven't already, please register [here](https://aaai.org/Conferences/AAAI-23/registration/).


AAAI 2023

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines.

technical paper

The purpose of the AAAI conference is to promote research in artificial intelligence (AI) and scientific exchange among AI researchers, practitioners, scientists, and engineers in affiliated disciplines. 

We propose a novel scene flow estimation approach to capture and infer 3D motions from point clouds. Estimating 3D motions for point clouds is challenging, since a point cloud is unordered and its density is significantly non-uniform. Such unstructured data poses difficulties in matching corresponding points between point clouds, leading to inaccurate flow estimation. We propose a novel architecture named Sparse Convolution-Transformer Network (SCTN) that equips the sparse convolution with the transformer. Specifically, by leveraging the sparse convolution, SCTN transfers irregular point cloud into locally consistent flow features for estimating spatially consistent motions within an object/local object part. We further propose to explicitly learn point relations using a point transformer module, different from exiting methods. We show that the learned relation-based contextual information is rich and helpful for matching corresponding points, benefiting scene flow estimation. In addition, a novel loss function is proposed to adaptively encourage flow consistency according to feature similarity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves a new state of the art in scene flow estimation. Our approach achieves an error of 0.038 and 0.037 (EPE3D) on FlyingThings3D and KITTI Scene Flow respectively, which significantly outperforms previous methods by large margins.

SCTN: Sparse Convolution-Transformer Network for Scene Flow Estimation

We present a machine learning system that can quantify fine art paintings with a set of visual elements and principles of art. The formal analysis is fundamental for understanding art, but developing such a system is challenging. Paintings have high visual complexities, but it is also difficult to collect enough training data with direct labels. To resolve these practical limitations, we introduce a novel mechanism, called proxy learning, which learns visual concepts in paintings through their general relation to styles. This framework does not require any visual annotation, but only uses style labels and a general relationship between visual concepts and style. In this paper, we propose a novel proxy model and reformulate four pre-existing methods in the context of proxy learning.  Through quantitative and qualitative comparison, we evaluate these methods and compare their effectiveness in quantifying the artistic visual concepts, where the general relationship is estimated by language models; GloVe or BERT. The language modeling is a practical and scalable solution requiring no labeling, but it is inevitably imperfect. We demonstrate how the new proxy model is robust to the imperfection, while the other methods are sensitively affected by it.

Proxy Learning of Visual Concepts of Fine Art Paintings from Styles through Language Models

Generally, humans are more skilled at perceiving differences between high-quality (HQ) and low-quality (LQ) images than directly judging the quality of a single LQ image. This situation also applies to image quality assessment (IQA). Although recent no-reference (NR-IQA) methods have made great progress to predict image quality free from the reference image, they still have the potential to achieve better performance since HQ image information is not fully exploited. In contrast, full-reference (FR-IQA) methods tend to provide more reliable quality evaluation, but its practicability is affected by the requirement for pixel-level aligned reference images. To address this, we firstly propose the content-variant reference method via knowledge distillation (CVRKD-IQA). Specifically, we use non-aligned reference (NAR) images to introduce various prior distributions of high-quality images. The comparisons of distribution differences between HQ and LQ images can help our model better assess the image quality. Further, the knowledge distillation transfers more HQ-LQ distribution difference information from the FR-teacher to the NAR-student and stabilizing CVRKD-IQA performance. Moreover, to fully mine the local-global combined information, while achieving faster inference speed, our model directly processes multiple image patches from the input with the MLP-mixer. Cross-dataset experiments verify that our model can outperform all NAR/NR-IQA SOTAs, even reach comparable performance than FR-IQA methods on some occasions. Since the content-variant and non-aligned reference HQ images are easy to obtain, our model can support more IQA applications with its robustness to content variations. Our code is available: https://github.com/guanghaoyin/CVRKD-IQA.

Content-Variant Reference Image Quality Assessment via Knowledge Distillation

Vision transformers (ViTs) have recently received explosive popularity, but the huge computational cost is still a severe issue. Since the computation complexity of ViT is quadratic with respect to the input sequence length, a mainstream paradigm for computation reduction is to reduce the number of tokens. Existing designs include structured spatial compression that uses a progressive shrinking pyramid to reduce the computations of large feature maps, and unstructured token pruning that dynamically drops redundant tokens. However, the limitation of existing token pruning lies in two folds: 1) the incomplete spatial structure caused by pruning is not compatible with structured spatial compression that is commonly used in modern deep-narrow transformers; 2) it usually requires a time-consuming pre-training procedure. To tackle the limitations and expand the applicable scenario of token pruning, we present Evo-ViT, a self-motivated slow-fast token evolution approach for vision transformers. Specifically, we conduct unstructured instance-wise token selection by taking advantage of the simple and effective global class attention that is native to vision transformers. Then, we propose to update the selected informative tokens and uninformative tokens with different computation paths, namely, slow-fast updating. Since slow-fast updating mechanism maintains the spatial structure and information flow, Evo-ViT can accelerate vanilla transformers of both flat and deep-narrow structures from the very beginning of the training process. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly reduces the computational cost of vision transformers while maintaining comparable performance on image classification. For example, our method accelerates DeiT-S by over 60% throughput while only sacrificing 0.4% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K, outperforming current token pruning methods on both accuracy and efficiency.

Evo-ViT: Slow-Fast Token Evolution for Dynamic Vision Transformer

3D hand pose estimation from single depth is a fundamental problem in computer vision, and has wide applications. However, the existing methods still can not achieve satisfactory hand pose estimation results due to view variation and occlusion of human hand. In this paper, we propose a new virtual view selection and fusion module for 3D hand pose estimation from single depth. We propose to automatically select multiple virtual viewpoints for pose estimation and fuse the results of all and find this empirically delivers accurate and robust pose estimation. In order to select most effective virtual views for pose fusion, we evaluate the virtual views based on the confidence of virtual views using a light-weight network via network distillation. Experiments on three main benchmark datasets including NYU, ICVL and Hands2019 demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-arts on NYU and ICVL, and achieves very competitive performance on Hands2019-Task1, and our proposed virtual view selection and fusion module is both effective for 3D hand pose estimation.

Efficient Virtual View Selection for 3D Hand Pose Estimation

Image composition targets at inserting a foreground object into a background image. Most previous image composition methods focus on adjusting the foreground to make it compatible with background while ignoring the shadow effect of foreground on the background. In this work, we focus on generating plausible shadow for the foreground object in the composite image. First, we contribute a real-world shadow generation dataset DESOBA by generating synthetic composite images based on paired real images and deshadowed images.  Then, we propose a novel shadow generation network SGRNet, which consists of a shadow mask prediction stage and a shadow filling stage. In the shadow mask prediction stage, foreground and background information are thoroughly interacted to generate foreground shadow mask. In the shadow filling stage, shadow parameters are predicted to fill the shadow area. Extensive experiments on our DESOBA dataset and real composite images demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Our dataset and code are available at https://github.com/bcmi/Object-Shadow-Generation- Dataset-DESOBA.

Shadow Generation for Composite Image in Real-World Scenes

Gaze estimation methods learn eye gaze from facial features. However, among rich information in the facial image, real gaze-relevant features only correspond to subtle changes in eye region, while other gaze-irrelevant features like illumination, personal appearance and even facial expression may affect the learning in an unexpected way. This is a major reason why existing methods show significant performance degradation in cross-domain/dataset evaluation. In this paper, we tackle the cross-domain problem in gaze estimation. Different from common domain adaption methods, we propose a domain generalization method to improve the cross-domain performance without touching target samples. The domain generalization is realized by gaze feature purification. We eliminate gaze-irrelevant factors such as illumination and identity to improve the cross-domain performance. We design a plug-and-play self-adversarial framework for the gaze feature purification. The framework enhances not only our baseline but also existing gaze estimation methods directly and significantly. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose domain generalization methods in gaze estimation. Our method achieves not only state-of-the-art performance among typical gaze estimation methods but also competitive results among domain adaption methods. The code is released in https://github.com/yihuacheng/PureGaze.

PureGaze: Purifying Gaze Feature for Generalizable Gaze Estimation

Advanced face swapping methods have achieved appealing results. However, most of these methods have many parameters and computations, which makes it challenging to apply them in real-time applications or deploy them on edge devices like mobile phones. In this work, we propose a lightweight Identity-aware Dynamic Network (IDN) for subject-agnostic face swapping by dynamically adjusting the model parameters according to the identity information. In particular, we design an efficient Identity Injection Module (IIM) by introducing two dynamic neural network techniques, including the weights prediction and weights modulation. Once the IDN is updated, it can be applied to swap faces given any target image or video. The presented IDN contains only 0.50M parameters and needs 0.33G FLOPs per frame, making it capable for real-time video face swapping on mobile phones. In addition, we introduce a knowledge distillation-based method for stable training, and a loss reweighting module is employed to obtain better synthesized results. Finally, our method achieves comparable results with the teacher models and other state-of-the-art methods.

MobileFaceSwap: A Lightweight Framework for Video Face Swapping

Voxel and point representations are widely applied in recent 3D object detection tasks from LiDAR point clouds. Voxel representations contribute to efficiently and rapidly locating objects, whereas point representations are capable of describing intra-object spatial relationship for detection refinement. In this work, we aim to exploit the strengths of both two representations, and present a novel two-stage detector, named Joint Point-Voxel Network (JPV-Net). Specifically, our framework is equipped with a Dual Encoders-Fusion Decoder, which consists of the dual encoders to extract voxel features of sketchy 3D scenes and point features rich in geometric context, respectively, and the Feature Propagation Fusion (FP-Fusion) decoder to attentively fuse them from coarse to fine. By making use of the advantages of these features, the refinement network can effectively eliminate false detection and provide better accuracy. Besides, to further develop the perception characteristics of voxel CNN and point backbone, we design two novel intersection-over-union (IoU) estimation modules for proposal generation and refinement, both of which can alleviate the misalignment between the localization and the classification confidence. Extensive experiments on the KITTI dataset and ONCE dataset demonstrate that our proposed JPV-Net outperforms other state-of-the-art methods with remarkable margins.

JPV-Net: Joint Point-Voxel Representations for Accurate 3D Object Detection

Due to high-speed motion blur and challenging illumination, conventional frame-based cameras have encountered an important challenge in object detection tasks. Neuromorphic cameras that output asynchronous visual streams instead of intensity frames, by taking the advantage of high temporal resolution and high dynamic range, have brought a new perspective to address the challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel problem setting, retinomorphic object detection, which is the first trial that integrates foveal-like and peripheral-like visual streams. Technically, we first build a large-scale multimodal neuromorphic object detection dataset (i.e., PKU-Vidar-DVS) over 215.5k spatio-temporal synchronized labels. Then, we design temporal aggregation representations to preserve the spatio-temporal information from asynchronous visual streams. Finally, we present a novel bio-inspired unifying framework to fuse two sensing modalities via a dynamic interaction mechanism. Our experimental evaluation shows that our approach has significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods with the single-modality, especially in high-speed motion and low-light scenarios. We hope that our work will attract further research into this newly identified, yet crucial research direction. Our dataset can be available at https://www.pkuml.org/resources/pku-vidar-dvs.html.

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SCTN: Sparse Convolution-Transformer Network for Scene Flow Estimation

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Where Will Players Move Next? Dynamic Graphs and Hierarchical Fusion for Movement Forecasting in Badminton

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