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Current methods of blended targets domain adaptation (BTDA) usually infer or consider domain label information but underemphasize hybrid categorical feature structures of targets, which yields limited performance, especially under the label distribution shift. We demonstrate that domain labels are not directly necessary for BTDA if categorical distributions of various domains are sufficiently aligned even facing the imbalance of domains and the label distribution shift of classes. However, we observe that the cluster assumption in BTDA does not comprehensively hold. The hybrid categorical feature space hinders the modeling of categorical distributions and the generation of reliable pseudo labels for categorical alignment. To address these, we propose a categorical domain discriminator guided by uncertainty to explicitly model and directly align categorical distributions $P(Z|Y)$. Simultaneously, we utilize the low-level features to augment the single source features with diverse target styles to rectify the biased classifier $P(Y|Z)$ among diverse targets. Such a mutual conditional alignment of $P(Z|Y)$ and $P(Y|Z)$ forms a mutual reinforced mechanism. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in BTDA even compared with methods utilizing domain labels, especially under the label distribution shift, and in single target DA on DomainNet.

AAAI 2023

Class Overwhelms: Mutual Conditional Blended-Target Domain Adaptation

blended-target domain adaptation

domain adaptation

transfer learning

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-23 is the Thirty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The theme of this conference is to create collaborative bridges within and beyond AI. Like previous AAAI conferences, AAAI-23 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and two new activities: a Bridge Program and a Lab Program. Many of these activities are tailored to the theme of bridges and all are selected according to the highest standards, with additional programs for students and young researchers. 
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The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines.

poster

Given an untrimmed video, temporal sentence localization (TSL) aims to localize a specific segment according to a given sentence query. Though respectable works have made decent achievements in this task, they severely rely on dense video frame annotations, which require a tremendous amount of human effort to collect. In this paper, we target another more practical and challenging setting: one-shot temporal sentence localization (one-shot TSL), which learns to retrieve the query information among the entire video with only one annotated frame. Particularly, we propose an effective and novel tree-structure baseline for one-shot TSL, called Multiple Hypotheses Segment Tree (MHST), to capture the query-aware discriminative frame-wise information under the insufficient annotations. Each video frame is taken as the leaf-node, and the adjacent frames sharing the same visual-linguistic semantics will be merged into the upper non-leaf node for tree building. At last, each root node is an individual segment hypothesis containing the consecutive frames of its leaf-nodes. During the tree construction, we also introduce a pruning strategy to eliminate the interference of query-irrelevant nodes. With our designed self-supervised loss functions, our MHST is able to generate high-quality segment hypotheses for ranking and selection with the query. Experiments on two challenging datasets demonstrate that MHST achieves competitive performance compared to existing methods.

Hypotheses Tree Building for One-Shot Temporal Sentence Localization

Considerable progress has recently been made in leveraging CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training) models for text-guided image manipulation. However, all existing works rely on additional generative models to ensure the quality of results, because CLIP alone cannot provide enough guidance information for fine-scale pixel-level changes. In this paper, we introduce CLIPVG, a text-guided image manipulation framework using differentiable vector graphics,  which is also the first CLIP-based general image manipulation framework that does not require any additional generative models. We demonstrate that CLIPVG can not only achieve state-of-art performance in both semantic correctness and synthesis quality, but also is flexible enough to support various applications far beyond the capability of all existing methods.

CLIPVG: Text-Guided Image Manipulation Using Differentiable Vector Graphics

Domain generalization in semantic segmentation aims to alleviate the performance degradation on unseen domains through learning domain-invariant features. Existing methods diversify images in the source domain by adding complex or even abnormal textures to reduce the sensitivity to domain-specific features. However, these approaches depends heavily on the richness of the texture bank and training them can be time-consuming. In contrast to importing textures arbitrarily or augmenting styles randomly, we focus on the single source domain itself to achieve the generalization. In this paper, we present a novel adaptive texture filtering mechanism to suppress the influence of texture without using augmentation, thus eliminating the interference of domain-specific features. Further, we design a hierarchical guidance generalization network equipped with structure-guided enhancement modules, which purpose to learn the domain-invariant generalized knowledge. Extensive experiments together with ablation studies on widely-used datasets are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, and reveal its superiority over other state-of-the-art alternatives. 

Adaptive Texture Filtering for Single-domain Generalized Segmentation

Transformer framework has been showing superior performances in visual object tracking for its great strength in information aggregation across the template and search image with the well-known attention mechanism. Most recent advances focus on exploring attention mechanism variants for better information aggregation. We find these schemes are equivalent to or even just a subset of the basic self-attention mechanism. In this paper, we prove that the vanilla self-attention structure is sufficient for information aggregation, and structural adaption is unnecessary. The key is not the attention structure,  but how to extract the discriminative feature for tracking and enhance the communication between the target and search image. Based on this finding, we adopt the basic vision transformer (ViT) architecture as our main tracker and concatenate the template and search image for feature embedding. To guide the encoder to capture the invariant feature for tracking, we attach a lightweight correlative masked decoder which reconstructs the original template and search image from the corresponding masked tokens. The correlative masked decoder serves as a plugin for the compact transform tracker and is skipped in inference. Our compact tracker uses the most simple structure which only consists of a ViT backbone and a box head, and can run at 40 fps. Extensive experiments show the proposed compact transform tracker outperforms existing approaches, including advanced attention variants, and demonstrates the sufficiency of self-attention in tracking tasks. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on five challenging datasets, along with the VOT2020, UAV123, LaSOT, TrackingNet, and GOT-10k benchmarks.

Compact Transformer Tracker with Correlative Masked Modeling

Minimax problems arise in a wide range of important applications including robust adversarial learning and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) training. Recently, algorithms for minimax problems in the Federated Learning (FL) paradigm have received considerable interest. Existing federated algorithms for general minimax problems require the full aggregation (i.e., aggregation of local model information from all clients) in each training round. Thus, they are inapplicable to an important setting of FL known as the cross-device setting, which involves numerous unreliable mobile/IoT devices. In this paper, we develop the first practical algorithm named CDMA for general minimax problems in the cross-device FL setting. CDMA is based on a Start-Immediately-With-Enough-Responses mechanism, in which the server first signals a subset of clients to perform local computation and then starts to aggregate the local results reported by clients once it receives responses from enough clients in each round. With this mechanism, CDMA is resilient to the low client availability. In addition, CDMA is incorporated with a lightweight global correction in the local update steps of clients, which mitigates the impact of slow network connections. We establish theoretical guarantees of CDMA under different choices of hyperparameters and conduct experiments on AUC maximization, robust adversarial network training, and GAN training tasks. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of CDMA.

CDMA: A Practical Cross-Device Federated Learning Algorithm for General Minimax Problems

A plethora of previous studies indicates that making full use of multifarious intrinsic properties of primordial data is a valid pathway to recover original images from their degraded observations. Typically, both low-rankness and local-smoothness broadly exist in real-world tensor data such as hyperspectral images and videos. Modeling based on both properties has received a great deal of attention, whereas most studies concentrate on experimental performance, and theoretical investigations are still lacking. In this paper, we study the tensor compressive sensing problem based on the correlated total variation norm, which is a new regularizer used to simultaneously capture both properties existing in the same data set. The new regularizer has the outstanding advantage of not using a trade-off parameter to balance the two properties. The obtained theories provide a robust recovery guarantee, where the error bound shows that our model certainly benefits from both properties in ground-truth data adaptively. Moreover, based on the ADMM update procedure, we design an algorithm with a global convergence guarantee to solve this model. At last, we carry out experiments to apply our model to hyperspectral image and video restoration problems. The experimental results show that our method is prominently better than many other competing ones. In particular, for the hyperspectral image restoration task, our method achieves satisfactory results under an extremely low sampling ratio 1%.

Tensor Compressive Sensing Fused Low-rankness and Local-smoothness

We investigate the problem of distributed online convex optimization with complicated constraints, in which the projection operation could be the computational bottleneck. To avoid projections, distributed online projection-free methods have been proposed and attain an $\mathcal{O}(T^{3/4})$ regret bound for general convex losses. However, they cannot utilize the smoothness condition, which has been exploited in the centralized setting to improve the regret. In this paper, we propose a new distributed online projection-free method with a tighter regret bound of $\mathcal{O}(T^{2/3})$ for smooth and convex losses. Specifically, we first provide a distributed extension of Follow-the-Perturbed-Leader so that the smoothness can be utilized in the distributed setting. Then, we reduce the computational cost via sampling and blocking techniques. In this way, our method only needs to solve one linear optimization per round on average. Finally, we conduct experiments on benchmark datasets to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method. 

Distributed Projection-free Online Learning for Smooth and Convex Losses

Verifying the facts alleged by the prosecutors before the trial requires the judges to retrieve evidence within the massive materials accompanied.
Existing Legal AI applications often assume the facts are already determined and fail to notice the difficulty of reconstructing them. To build a practical Legal AI application and free the judges from the manually searching work, we introduce the task of Legal Evidence Retrieval, which aims at automatically retrieving the precise fact-related verbal evidence within a single case. We formulate the task in a dense retrieval paradigm, and jointly learn the constrastive representations and alignments between facts and evidence. To get rid of the tedious annotations, we construct an approximated positive vector for a given fact by aggregating a set of evidence from the same case. An entropy-based denoise technique is further applied to mitigate the impact of false positive samples. We train our models on tens of thousands of unlabeled cases and evaluate them on a labeled dataset containing 919 cases and 4,336 queries. Experimental results indicate that our approach is effective and outperforms other state-of-the-art representation and retrieval models. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/yaof20/LER.

Unsupervised Legal Evidence Retrieval via Contrastive Learning with Approximate Aggregated Positive

Off-policy deep reinforcement learning algorithms commonly compensate for overestimation bias during temporal-difference learning by utilizing pessimistic estimates of the expected target returns. In this work, we propose Generalized Pessimism Learning (GPL), a strategy employing a novel learnable penalty to enact such pessimism. In particular, we propose to learn this penalty alongside the critic with dual TD-learning, a new procedure to estimate and minimize the magnitude of the target returns bias with trivial computational cost. GPL enables us to accurately counteract overestimation bias throughout training without incurring the downsides of overly pessimistic targets. By integrating GPL with popular off-policy algorithms, we achieve state-of-the-art results in both competitive proprioceptive and pixel-based benchmarks.

Class Overwhelms: Mutual Conditional Blended-Target Domain Adaptation

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