United States

Accurate calculation of the hysteresis characteristics of magnetic materials is of great significance for the optimal design of electrical equipment. In previous studies, the Preisach model based on the centered cycle method is widely used for the simulation of hysteresis characteristics as this method uses data that can be easily obtained [1]. However, the existing centered cycle method model cannot correctly consider the influence of reversible magnetization and leads to a large error when calculating the small major hysteresis loops [2]. In this paper, an improved centered cycle method for identifying the Preisach distribution function (PDF) considering the reversible magnetization is proposed, which can improve the accuracy of predicting the symmetrical minor loops.&lt;br&gt;II Method and Discussion&lt;br&gt;As shown in Figure 1, an improved PDF identification method considering the reversible magnetization is proposed, which is consistent with the principle of the magnetization process. The reversible relative permeability is obtained by derivation at the reversal points of the centered cycles with different measured magnetic flux densities and obtained parametric equation, which is integrated to obtain the reversible magnetization. Four centered cycles of different magnetic flux densities are used to discretize the Preisach plane, and the values of the PDF are calculated through the modified magnetic flux densities. The irreversible magnetization is obtained by accumulating the values of the PDF. The final output value is obtained by superposing the irreversible magnetization and the reversible magnetization. The simulation results of grain-oriented silicon steel based on B30P105 are shown in Fig. 2, and the expected accuracy can be achieved.&lt;br&gt;III Conclusion&lt;br&gt;In this paper, a modified Preisach model with centered cycle method under the magnetization principle is developed. Obtained results show that the accuracy of the simulated symmetrical minor loops can be improved.&lt;br&gt;

**References** &lt;br&gt;
[1] Bernard Y, Mendes E, Ren Z. Determination of the distribution function of Preisach’s model using centred cycles[J]. COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation
and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2000.
[2] Peng D, Sima W, Ming Y, et al. An Improved Centered Cycle Method for Identifying the Preisach Distribution Function[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, PP(11):1-5.&lt;br&gt;

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/8452cc04d3ef3c8756ca45abe73b8393.png)&lt;br&gt;

Fig.1. (a) Discretized Preisach Plane.
(b) Numerical discrete calculation process of improved Preisach Model.&lt;br&gt;

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/cece0b04c75fbf57da22b132e9edf631.png)&lt;br&gt;

Fig.2. Comparison of simulation results of B30P105 silicon steel.
(a) B&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;=0.2T. (b) B&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;=0.5T. (c) B&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;=0.7T. (d) B&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;=1.1T.

MMM 2022

An improved Preisach distribution function identification method considering reversible magnetization effect

Accurate calculation of the hysteresis characteristics of magnetic materials is of great significance for the optimal design of electrical equipment. In previous studies, the Preisach model based on the centered cycle method is widely used for the simulation of hysteresis characteristics as this method uses data that can be easily obtained [1]. However, the existing centered cycle method model cannot correctly consider the influence of reversible magnetization and leads to a large error when calculating the small major hysteresis loops [2]. In this paper, an improved centered cycle method for identifying the Preisach distribution function (PDF) considering the reversible magnetization is proposed, which can improve the accuracy of predicting the symmetrical minor loops. II Method and Discussion As shown in Figure 1, an improved PDF identification method considering the reversible magnetization is proposed, which is consistent with the principle of the magnetization process. The reversible relative permeability is obtained by derivation at the reversal points of the centered cycles with different measured magnetic flux densities and obtained parametric equation, which is integrated to obtain the reversible magnetization. Four centered cycles of different magnetic flux densities are used to discretize the Preisach plane, and the values of the PDF are calculated through the modified magnetic flux densities. The irreversible magnetization is obtained by accumulating the values of the PDF. The final output value is obtained by superposing the irreversible magnetization and the reversible magnetization. The simulation results of grain-oriented silicon steel based on B30P105 are shown in Fig. 2, and the expected accuracy can be achieved. III Conclusion In this paper, a modified Preisach model with centered cycle method under the magnetization principle is developed. Obtained results show that the accuracy of the simulated symmetrical minor loops can be improved. 

**References** 
[1] Bernard Y, Mendes E, Ren Z. Determination of the distribution function of Preisach’s model using centred cycles[J]. COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation
and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2000.
[2] Peng D, Sima W, Ming Y, et al. An Improved Centered Cycle Method for Identifying the Preisach Distribution Function[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, PP(11):1-5. 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/8452cc04d3ef3c8756ca45abe73b8393.png) 

Fig.1. (a) Discretized Preisach Plane.
(b) Numerical discrete calculation process of improved Preisach Model. 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/cece0b04c75fbf57da22b132e9edf631.png) 

Fig.2. Comparison of simulation results of B30P105 silicon steel.
(a) Bp=0.2T. (b) Bp=0.5T. (c) Bp=0.7T. (d) Bp=1.1T.

technical paper

#### Welcome to the 67th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, MMM 2022!

The Conference was held from October 31 to November 4 and offers both in-person and on-demand content.

MMM 2022 is sponsored jointly by AIP Publishing and the IEEE Magnetics Society. Members of the international scientific and engineering communities interested in recent developments in fundamental and applied magnetism are invited to attend and contribute to the technical sessions. The technical program will include invited and contributed papers in oral and poster sessions, invited symposia, a tutorial, and several special sessions. This Conference provides an outstanding opportunity for worldwide participants to meet their colleagues and collaborators and discuss developments in all areas of magnetism research.

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Chromium-rich Cr-V alloys exhibit three phases: Paramagnetic phase (P) above NÃ©el temperature (TN), a transverse polarization spin-density-wave (SDW) phase (AF1) below TN and above the spin-flip temperature (TSF), and a longitudinal polarization SDW phase (AF2) below TSF. Varying the electron/atom ratio in the Cr alloy, one can go from incommensurate to commensurate SDW and modifies different physical properties [1]. In the paramagnetic phase, Cr exhibit a Pauli susceptibility with slight temperature dependence[1]. Otherwise, the introduction of small amounts of V in Cr not only changes TN, but also induced a Curie-Weiss behavior (CW) that we have associated to local magnetic moments. This behavior is limited up to 0.7%V and magnetic fields of 15 kOe [2]. This behavior was also observed for different Cr alloys [3-5]. The origin of local magnetic moments has been associated with the establishment of local spin-density waves (LSDW) around V impurities [2,6]. In this work, we presented an investigation of the effects of local magnetic moments in antiferromagnetic phases in Cr-V alloys. The samples are single crystals with a concentration up to 0.7% V. Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature were performed using a VSM SQUID magnetometer MPMS3 by Quantum Design using zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) protocols. Figure 1 presents the magnetic susceptibility (Ï‡DC(T)) as a function of temperature under a magnetic field H = 100 Oe (a) and 10 kOe (b) for single crystal of Cr-0.4 at.%V. The ZFC measurement shown in Fig 1(a) shows a jump as TN is approached followed by a C-W behavior up to 400 K. However, below TN Ï‡DC (T) the FC measurement exhibit a strong anisotropy, likely associated with local magnetic moments frozen in the cooling process, from the paramagnetic phase. Fig 1(b) shows that 10 kOe suppresses the CW effect above TN, in the AF1 phase Ï‡DC is identical for both processes ZFC and FC and in the AF2 phase Ï‡DC becomes larger for ZFC as compared to FC. These results show that local moments around V impurities depend on magnetic history.

Magnetic Anisotropy as an Evidence of Local Magnetic Moments in Paramagnetic Phase of Cr V Alloys

Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are at the forefront of research due to their extensive potential as a platform for spintronics and opto-spintronics applications [1]. Room-temperature ferromagnetism has been achieved in several two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials and heterostructures [2,3]. Ferromagnetic 2D semiconductors are of particular interest since they allow for simple integration with current silicon-based electronics and their properties can be easily tuned with electric fields and optical excitations. Recently, we demonstrated light tunable magnetism in V-doped WS2 (V-WS2) monolayers, mediated by optically injected charge carriers [4]. A similar effect was shown in ML-VSe2/BL-MoS2 heterostructures in which the magnetization of VSe2 penetrates into the non-magnetic optically active MoS2 layer, allowing for the tunability of the magnetic properties of the heterostructure with light. The VSe2 layer facilitates charge separation, which promotes changes in the magnetization of the MoS2 layer, showing an enhanced light mediated magnetism effect compared to V-WS2. We present a study of related 2D magnetic heterostructures where we compare the magneto-optical response of VSe2/MoS2, VSe2/WS2 and V-MoS2/graphene heterostructures. We propose that, as the VSe2 layer in the VSe2/MoS2 heterostructure allows for charge separation through the interface, graphene in a V-MoS2/graphene heterostructure may play a similar role. The difference between the two systems lies in the source of the magnetism of the semiconducting layer. In the VSe2/MoS2 and VSe2/WS2 systems, the ferromagnetic VSe2 layer is responsible for the proximity magnetism in the non-magnetic MoS2 layer, while in V-MoS2/graphene the semiconducting layer is magnetically doped. Moreover, V-MoS2 shows enhanced magnetic properties when interfaced with graphene, compared to samples grown on Si/SiO2 which may further influence the interaction between the optically injected charge carriers and the magnetic dopants. These findings show how the interactions between photogenerated charge carriers and 2D magnetic semiconductors can be tuned in carefully constructed vdW heterostructures. 
**References** [1] J.F. Sierra, J. Fabian, and R.K. Kawakami, Nature Nanotechnology., Vol. 16, p. 856-868 (2021)
[2] F. Zhang, A. Sebastian, D.H. Olson, Advanced Science., Vol. 7, p. 2001174 (2020)
[3] M. Bonilla, S. Kolekar, Y. Ma, Nature Nanotechnology., Vol.13, p. 289-293 (2018)
[4] V. Ortiz Jiménez, Y.T.H. Pham, M. Liu, Advanced Electronic Materials., Vol. 7, p. 21000310 (2021)

Light mediated magnetism in van der Waals magnetic heterostructures

Antiferromagnets (AFMs) are strong candidates for future spintronic applications largely because of their fast dynamics and lack of stray fields. For the required switching of the Néel vector (staggered magnetization), the predicted current-induced bulk Néel spin-orbit torque (NSOT) (1) is most promising. Only two compounds with the required symmetry are known: for both CuMnAs (2,3) and Mn2Au (4,5) experimental evidence for current-induced NSOT was shown based on a small modification of the AFM domain pattern. However, the significance of NSOT for current-induced manipulation of Neel vector orientation stays controversial because competing heating-related mechanisms result in similar effects (6-8).
Here, we investigate the effect of current pulsing with different lengths along the different crystallographic directions on the AFM domain pattern of epitaxial Mn2Au (001) thin films. In-situ imaging of AFM domains before and after the current pulses was performed using x-ray magnetic linear dichroism photoemission electron microscopy (XMLD-PEEM). Reversible and repeated 90° Neel vector rotation of essentially the complete active area of the pattern cross structures was observed (Fig. 1).
Switching was only observed for current parallel to the easy crystallographic axis resulting in a Néel vector rotation perpendicular to the pulse direction, which is consistent with the NSOT. The required current density for switching is essentially independent of the pulse length (10 µs to 1 ms) indicating that thermal activation or other thermal effects are not significant. For current pulses applied parallel to a <100> hard axis, inversion of the current pulse polarity led to a partially reversible motion of domain walls, which is consistent with the NSOT acting on them. Our results confirm the fundamental role of NSOT for current-induced Néel vector switching in Mn2Au, providing an effective mechanism for spintronics applications. 

**References:** 
(1) J. Zelezný H. Gao, K. Výborný et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 157201 (2014). 
(2) P. Wadley, B. Howells, J. Zelezný et al., Science 351, 587 (2016). 
(3) P. Wadley, S. Reimers, M. J. Grzybowski et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 632 (2018). 
(4) S. Bodnar L. Smejkal, I. Turek et al., Nat. Commun. 9, 348 (2018). 
(5) S. Y. Bodnar, M. Filianina, S. P. Bommanaboyena et al., Phys. Rev. B 99, 140409(R) (2019). 
(6) T. Matalla-Wagner, J.-M. Schmalhorst, G. Reiss et al., Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 033077 (2020). 
(7) H. Meer, O. Gomonay, C. Schmitt et al., arXiv:2205.02983v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]. 
(8) H. Meer, F. Schreiber, C. Schmitt et al., Nano Lett.21, 114-119 (2020). 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/c2d61688e7f3764ada5a6f19abed7e66.png)

Néel spin orbit torque induced remnant switching of the Néel vector in antiferromagnetic Mn2Au

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a replacement for heavy metals (HM) because of their large spin-charge interconversion efficiency [1]. In this work, we explore a promising and relatively less explored 2D monochalcogenide SnS for spintronics application. Through symmetry arguments, it is proposed that SnS should exhibit unconventional spin-orbit torques (SOTs), which is very important for energy-efficient switching of magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) [1]. SnS thin films up to monolayer (ML) thickness have been grown on Si/SiO2 substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique at 200 °C and room temperature (RT). Two typical Raman active modes (Ag and B3g) [2] can be distinguished in the acquired Raman spectra [Fig. 1]. We performed spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (STFMR) measurements to investigate the SOTs in SnS/Ni80Fe20 system. For ST-FMR measurements, we fabricated SnS/Ni80Fe20 rectangular microstrips using the lift-off technique. For STFMR measurements, an in-plane RF current of frequency varying from 4 GHz to 8 GHz was applied to the bilayer in the presence of an external magnetic field (H). We measured the voltage (Vmix) across the device, which originated due to the mixing of AMR and RF current. We determine the in-plane and out-of-plane torque components by fitting the Vmix with a sum of symmetric and antisymmetric Lorentzian. We performed a complete angular dependence of the STFMR signal by varying the magnetization angle φ in the sample plane. In addition to a conventional sin2φcosφ (Vy,s) dependence, we found sin2φ (Vz,s) dependence [Fig. 2], which is a signature of unconventional out-of-plane anti-damping like torque [3]. Thus our results suggest that SnS can be used to achieve efficient switching of magnetic devices with PMA via the strong unconventional out-of-plane anti-damping like torque. 
**References** [1] Y. Liu et. al., ACS Nano 14, 9389 (2020).
[2] A.N. Mehta et. al., J. Microsc. 268, 276 (2017).
[3] D. MacNeill, et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 300 (2017). 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/1e469b41dfe570761dd64ff3b4f4fb50.png)

Evidence of unconventional spin orbit torque in SnS/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures

Current-induced type-x spin-orbit-torque (SOT) switching configuration describes the orthogonal relationship between the magnetic easy-axis (EA) of ferromagnetic (FM) layer and the injected spin polarization σ from heavy metal (HM) layer, which has potential to eclipse the conventional type-y scenario (EA∥σ) at short pulse regime [1,2].
In this study, we systematically investigate type-x SOT switching properties in HM/FM heterostructures. First, through macrospin simulations, we demonstrate that deterministic type-x switching can be realized by applying an assisting z-direction external field (Hz) or by introducing a canted EA. From current pulsed width (tpulse) dependent simulations, we observe that the critical switching current (Isw) of type-x is indeed smaller than that of type-y in the sub-ns regime [Fig. 1(a)]. By further considering a positive field-like SOT (FLT) in the simulated system, type-x switching mode results in a lower Isw than that of type-y when tpulse < 10 ns [Fig. 1(b)], suggesting the advantage of employing the type-x design with material system having sizable FLTs.
Accordingly, we choose W/CoFeB bilayer structure, which has a sizable FLT, to experimentally observe type-x SOT switching in micron-sized devices. By utilizing current-sensed differential planar Hall signal [3], the field-free type-x switching is observed for both positively and negatively y-canted devices [Fig.2 (a) and (b)], with opposite switching polarities. A z-direction internal field originated from the canted EA in concert with the damping-like SOT is observed by analyzing Hz-assisted switching phase diagram. Under the zero-field condition, as canting angle (φEA) increases, the switching dynamics evolves from a pro-type-x scenario to a pro-type-y scenario [Fig.2 (c) and (d)]. Our systematic work therefore verifies the advantage of canted EA for field-free type-x SOT applications, which can be informative for designing more efficient next generation SOT-MRAMs. 
**References** [1] S. Fukami, T. Anekawa, C. Zhang, and H. Ohno, A spin-orbit torque switching scheme with collinear magnetic easy axis and current configuration, Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 621 (2016).
[2] S. Fukami, T. Anekawa, A. Ohkawara, Z. Chaoliang, and H. Ohno, A sub-ns three-terminal spin-orbit torque induced switching device, IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology, 61 (2016).
[3] G. Mihajlović, O. Mosendz, L. Wan, N. Smith, Y. Choi, Y. Wang, and J. A. Katine, Pt thickness dependence of spin Hall effect switching of in-plane magnetized CoFeB free layers studied by differential planar Hall effect, Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 192404 (2016). 
![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/02c77fb33b20421ea076c810343bd497.png)

Anatomy of Type x Spin

Magnon-induced switching of nanomagnets is one of the key milestones to realize magnon-based in-memory computing. Spin waves (magnons) have been reported to move domain walls [1] and induce the reversal of Ni81Fe19
(Py) nanostripes (NSs) fabricated on YIG [2]. We report the observation of magnon-induced reversal of bistable nanomagnets
by time-resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy. We used Py nanostripes separated from YIG via an intermediate insulating layer (Fig. 1). Thereby, we suppressed the interlayer
exchange interaction between Py and YIG. A coplanar waveguide (CPW) was fabricated on top of an array of Py NSs. The device performed as a grating coupler [3]. Short-wave magnons
were emitted into YIG which then propagated underneath remotely positioned nanostripes. We saturated the device at +80 mT and then decreased the field to -24 mT. We measured the
thermal magnon spectrum of the unswitched Py NSs before magnon emission. After magnon excitation we observed characteristic modifications in the magnon spectrum (Fig. 2). Beyond a
critical power level, peak A and peak B vanished and a new peak B’ appeared. These specific modifications indicated the reversal of the nanomagnets and occurred for both the pulsed and
continuous wave magnon excitation. Our experimental data suggest that dipolar coupling is sufficient to achieve magnon-induced switching. We report experiments performed in the linear
and non-linear regime of magnon excitation. The latter experiments are important for the realization of recurrent neural networks based on ferromagnet/ferrimagnet hybrid structures as
proposed in Ref. [4]. Our results suggest that the storage of magnon signals in reversed magnetic bits become possible thus paving the way towards magnon-based in-memory computing
platforms. We acknowledge the financial support from SNSF via Grant No. 197360.
**References** [1] J. Han, P. Zhang, J.T. Hou, Science, Vol. 366, 1121-1125 (2019)
[2] K. Baumgaertl, D. Grundler, submitted
[3] H. Yu, G. Duerr, R. Huber, Nature Communications, Vol. 4, 2702 (2013)
[4] Á. Papp, W. Porod, G. Csaba, Nature Communications, Vol. 12, 6422 (2021) 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/1653d0542e758234cbf15706681182ba.png) 

Sketch of the device. An oscillating current is injected in the CPW to excite magnons which propagate in the bare YIG until reaching separately positioned Py nanostripes. Each material
thickness is indicated between parenthesis. 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/7dbebbbdfc15c50c042108e45acd650e.png) 

BLS thermal magnon spectra on Py stripes before (magenta) and after (black) magnon excitation at -24 mT.

Reversal of nanostructured ferromagnets by magnon pulses in underlying yttrium iron garnet

The number of experimental techniques, and their capability to measure and image magnetic behavior, is constantly increasing. Analogously, the ability to computationally study magnetic systems using techniques such as micromagnetics or Monte Carlo is also growing. However, it is often not trivial to combine experimental and computational results such that one can predict the results of experimental techniques directly from computational magnetization structures. We have produced the Python software package mag2exp [1], which integrates with the micromagnetic simulation environment Ubermag [2, 3], and enables realistic virtual experiments to be easily and quickly performed on magnetic structures using a range of experimental techniques. These techniques include Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, x-ray holography, small angle neutron scattering, torque magnetometry, along with other useful experimental capabilities. The mag2exp software is compatible with Jupyter Notebook allowing for the visualization of data and documentation of the entire simulation workflow, thus making the research more reproducible and re-usable [4]. This package aims to help bridge some of the gap between computational simulations and experiments, leading to the potential for simulations to inform real world experiments and vice versa. Here, we show how the mag2exp package can be used to study the magnetic behaviors for the system under investigation by converting a digital magnetization field to an experimental result. We also present the results of using the experimental techniques included in mag2exp on complex magnetization structures created using micromagnetic simulations such as magnetic skyrmions, vortices, and other solitons. This work was financially supported by the EPSRC Program grant on Skyrmionics (EP/N032128/1). 

**References** 
[1] S. J. R. Holt, et al., https://github.com/ubermag/mag2exp
[2] M. Beg, et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 58, 2 (2022)
[3] https://ubermag.github.io/
[4] M. Beg, et al., Comput. Sci. Eng., 23, 2 (2021) 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/e5878ed02d7e62c1698f06e7654e1759.png) 

Small angle neutron scattering pattern generated by mag2exp of a micromagnetic skyrmion lattice. 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/97f47cd2323072677233a5b05b6689cb.png) 
X-ray holography image generated by mag2exp of a mixed magnetization state.

mag2exp: Simulating experimental techniques from computational micromagnetics

Recently, multifunctional composite materials with magnetic wire inclusions for non-destructive and non-contact stress and temperature monitoring have been proposed [1]. Therefore, studies of temperature dependence of the Giant magnetoimpedance, GMI, effect become essentially relevant. There are only very few studies on temperature dependence of GMI and most of them were performed in thick amorphous wires without glass coating and in very limited temperature range [2,3,4]. Although usually the highest GMI effect is observed in Co-rich magnetic wires, GMI effect of Fe-rich glass-coated microwires can be substantially improved by stress-annealing induced magnetic anisotropy [5]. 
GMI effect and magnetic properties under temperature influence of as-prepared and stress annealed (annealing temperature Tann= 325 oC, stress applied during the annealing σ= 190MPa) thin amorphous Fe75B9Si12C4 glass-coated microwires produced by the Taylor Ulitovsky technique are analyzed. Remarkable change in the hysteresis loops and GMI effect is observed for both samples upon heating. For as-prepared FeBSiC microwire a beneficial influence of temperature on the GMI ratio is observed and hysteresis loops change of character from almost rectangular shape to inclined one (Fig.1). On the other hand, although GMI ratio improvement after stress-annealing decreases with the temperature increasing (Fig.2), temperature dependence can be tuned by the stress annealing conditions. Additionally, almost complete reversibility of the changes induced by the temperature is observed. 
Temperature dependence of the hysteresis loops and GMI effect of studied microwires is explained considering the heating effect on the internal stresses relaxation, the modification of the thermal expansion coefficients of the metallic nucleus and the glass coating and in terms of the Hopkinson effect. 
**References:** [1] A. Allue et al., Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. and Manuf., Vol. 120, p.12 (2019). 
[2] J. Nabias, A. Asfour and J. Yonnet, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 53(4), p.4001005 (2017). 
[3] J.D. Santos, R. Varga, B. Hernando and A. Zhukov, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321, p.3875 (2009). 
[4] M. Kurniawan et al., J. Electron. Mater., Vol. 43, p.4576 (2014). 
[5] V. Zhukova et al., Scr. Mater., Vol. 142, p.10 (2018). 

![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/4bac301404213f54c4bb4adca5d0984b.png) 
Fig.1. Hysteresis loops (a) and GMI ratio at f= 50 MHz (b) of as-prepared sample, measured at different temperature. 
![](https://s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/underline.prod/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/2cf9acf5640bce6a1403026372c49c55.png) 
Fig.2. Hysteresis loops (a) and GMI ratio at f= 50 MHz (b) of stress annealed sample at 325 oC during 15 min (applied stress σ= 190 MPa), measured at different temperature.

Effect of temperature on magnetic properties and magnetoimpedance effect in Fe rich microwires

Magnetic multilayers constitute a rich class of material systems with a number of precisely tunable parameters (e.g., layer thickness and repeat number) that determine both their magnetic and electronic properties [1]. We present a comprehensive characterization of structural and magnetic properties of the novel system Pt/Co/Mn, which extends the group of Pt/Co/X (X = metal) multilayers that have been investigated thus far. The structural properties of the sputter-deposited Pt/Co/Mn stacks were determined from X-ray reflectometry and scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments. Subsequently, we performed magnetometry measurements in order to study hysteresis loops as a function of varying layer thickness values. We demonstrate that an increasing Co layer thickness changes the magnetic anisotropy from out of plane to in plane, whereas the deposition of thicker Mn layers leads to a decrease in the saturation magnetization, see Fig. 1. Temperature-dependent magnetometry measurements reinforce the hypothesis of antiferromagnetic coupling at the Co/Mn interfaces being responsible for the observed Mn thickness dependence of the magnetization reversal. Moreover, magneto-optical imaging experiments indicate systematic changes in magnetic domain patterns as a function of the Co and Mn layer thickness and suggest the existence of bubblelike domainsâ€”potentially even magnetic skyrmionsâ€”in the case of sufficiently thick Mn layers, which are expected to contribute to a sizable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the multilayer stacks. We identify Pt/Co/Mn as a highly complex multilayer system with strong potential for further fundamental studies and possible applications [2]. This work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the research fellowship LO 2584/1-1, the NSF through I-MRSEC Grant No. DMR-1720633 and US DOE, Office of Science, MSED under Contract No. DE-SC002260.

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Pt/Co/Mn Multilayers

Magnetocaloric materials are researched as promising alternatives to conventional gas compression technologies for heat conversion. Within the known magnetocaloric
materials, the MM'X system is promising as it features a strong first order magnetostructural transition (MST) enabled by partial substitution of M, M' and X sites, where M and M' are
transition metals and X is a p-block element in orthorhombic/hexagonal structures[1]. Commonly used intermetallics (MnNiGe, MnCoGe [2,3]) employ Ge and Co, which are critical for
their applications in electronics, and cathode materials for batteries, respectively. In the present study, Fe and Al substitutions inside a MnNiSi-based intermetallic induce a MST without
critical or expensive elements. All alloys have been synthesized by arc melting, and heat treated followed by quenching. By convenient substitution, the studied Mn1-xNi1-xFe2xSi0.95Al0.05
alloys exhibit Curie temperatures around room-temperature, which were captured by Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) as well as In-field differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
[4]. The VSM magnetization over temperature data in the Mn0.69Ni0.69Fe0.62Si0.95Al0.05 sample with applied field μ0H = 1 T shown in Fig. 1 displays an abrupt variation of magnetization
with temperature, where the derivatives of magnetization exhibit a minimum between 279 and 290 K during cooling and heating, respectively. From the VSM measurements, what can be
thought of as a single-phase transition due to a single derivative minimum can be elucidated with the use of a 1K/min heating/cooling rate in the DSC. In fact, this MST is a convolution of
different transitions all close to one another, as shown during the cooling protocol in Fig. 2 from in-field DSC data with 1 T applied field. The main article will investigate the cause of such
distribution of transitions and its effect on the isothermal entropy change during heating and cooling transformations, as evaluated by a concurrent VSM and DSC study. 

**References:** 

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[2] A. Taubel, T. Gottschall, M. Fries, T. Faske, K.P. Skokov, O. Gutfleisch, Influence of magnetic field, chemical pressure and hydrostatic pressure on the structural and magnetocaloric
properties of the Mn-Ni-Ge system, J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 50 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa8e89. 
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