Spain

We present our contributions for the FinTOC&#39;2 Shared Tasks: Table of Content (ToC) extraction in English documents and French documents. 
For ToC Extraction, we propose an approach that combines information from multiple sources: the table of contents, the wording of the document, and lexical domain knowledge.
For the title detection part, we compare surface features to character-based features on various training configurations. We show that title detection results are very sensitive to the kind of training dataset used.

COLING 2020

Title Detection and Structure Extraction

pdf document analysis

title detection

structure extraction

stages 

COLING, the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, is one of the premier conferences for natural language processing and computational linguistics. Often grouped within the field of artificial intelligence, but actually pre-dating the development of artificial intelligence, advances in computational linguistics and natural language processing are now some of the major drivers behind the use of artificial intelligence for commercial and social applications – for example, on-line search, machine translation and with voice-assisted conversational devices.

First established in 1965, the biennial COLING conference is held in diverse parts of the globe and attracts participants from both top-ranked research centers and emerging countries. Today, the most important developments in our field are taking place not only in universities and academic research institutes, but also in industrial research departments and in technological startups. COLING conferences provide opportunities for all these communities to showcase their exciting developments.

COLING, the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, is one of the premier conferences for natural language processing and computational linguistics. Often grouped within the field of artificial intelligence, but actually pre-dating the development of artificial intelligence, advances in computational linguistics and natural language processing are now some of the major drivers behind the use of artificial intelligence for commercial and social applications – for example, on-line search, machine translation and with voice-assisted conversational devices.

We present our contributions for the FinTOC'2 Shared Tasks: Table of Content (ToC) extraction in English documents and French documents. 
For ToC Extraction, we propose an approach that combines information from multiple sources: the table of contents, the wording of the document, and lexical domain knowledge.
For the title detection part, we compare surface features to character-based features on various training configurations. We show that title detection results are very sensitive to the kind of training dataset used.

poster

In this paper, we present three methods developed by the Sorbonne Team for the NADI shared task on Arabic Dialect Identification for tweets.
The first and the second method use respectively a machine learning model based on a Voting Classifier with words and character level features and a deep learning model at the word level. The third method uses only character-level features. We explored different text representation such as TF-IDF (first model) and word embeddings (second model). The Voting Classifier was the most powerful prediction model, achieving the best macro-average F1 score of 18.8% and an accuracy of 36.54\% on the official test.
Our model ranked 9 on the challenge and in conclusion we propose some ideas to improve its results.

Voting Classifier vs Deep learning method in Arabic Dialect Identification

Arabic dialect detection is an important subdomain for studying various indigenous features of different societies. Limitation of the labeled data-set for training models drives us for alternative techniques. We introduce a semi-supervised learning approach for generating pseudo-labeled data for fine-tuning neural network models. This strategy improves performance when compared to training classifiers in a supervised fashion and also produces better results with reduced training time.

Semi-supervised Fine-grained Approach for Arabic Dialect Detection

Arabic is one of the most important and growing languages in the world. With the rise of the social media platforms such as like Twitter, Arabic spoken dialects have become more in use. In this paper, we describe our approach on the NADI Shared Task 1 that requires us to build a system to differentiate between different 21
Arabic dialects, we introduce a deep learning semi-supervised fashion approach along with pre-processing that was reported on NADI shared Task 1 Corpus. Our system ranks 4th in NADI’s shared task competition achieving 23.09% F1 macro average score with a simple yet an efficient approach on differentiating between 21 Arabic Dialects given tweets.

Arabic Dialect Identification Using BERT-Based Domain Adaptation

Around the Arab world, different Arabic dialects are spoken by more than 300M persons and are increasingly popular in social media texts. However, Arabic dialects are considered to be low-resource languages, limiting the development of machine-learning-based systems for these dialects. In this paper, we investigate the Arabic dialect identification task, from two perspectives: country-level dialect identification from 21 Arab countries, and province-level dialect identification from 100 provinces. We introduce an unified pipeline of state-of-the-art models, that can handle the two subtasks. Our experimental studies applied to the NADI shared task under the team name BERT-NGRAMS, show promising results both at the country-level (F1-score of 25.99%) and the province-level (F1-score of 6.39%), and thus allow us to be ranked 2nd for the country-level subtask and 1st in the province-level subtask. 


Weighted combination of BERT and N-GRAM features for Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification

This paper presents the ArabicProcessors team’s deep learning system designed for the NADI 2020 Subtask 1 (country-level dialect identification) and Subtask 2 (province-level dialect identification). We used Arabic-Bert in combination with data augmentation and ensembling methods. Unlabeled data provided by task organizers (10 Million tweets) was split into multiple subparts, to which we applied semi-supervised learning method, and finally ran a specific ensembling process on the resulting models. This system ranked 3rd in Subtask 1 with 23.26% F1-score and 2nd in Subtask 2 with 5.75% F1-score.

Arabic dialect identification: 
An Arabic-BERT model with data augmentation and ensembling strategy

We describe Faheem (adj. of understand), our submission to NADI (Nuanced
Arabic Dialect Identification) shared task. With so many Arabic dialects
being understudied due to the scarcity of the resources, the objective is to
identify the Arabic dialect used in the tweet, at the country-level. We propose
a machine learning approach where we utilize word-level n-gram (n=1-3) and
tf-idf features and feed them to six different classifiers. We train the system
using a data set of 21,000 tweets covering 21 Arab countries. Our top
performing classifiers are: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, and
Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB). We achieved our best result of macro-F1=
0.151 using the MNB classifier.

Faheem at NADI shared task: Identifying the dialect of Arabic tweet

In this paper, we present our work for the NADI Shared Task : Nu-anced Arabic Dialect Identification for Subtask-1: country-level dialect identification. We intro-duce a Reverse Translation Corpus Extension Systems (RTCES) to handle data imbalance along with reported results on several experimented approaches of word and document representations and different models architectures. The top scoring model was based on the Transformer-based Model for Arabic Language Understanding (AraBERT), with our modified extended corpus based on reverse translation of the given Arabic tweets. The selected system achieved a macro average F1 score of 20.34% on the test set, which places our team CodeLyoko as the 7th out of 18 teams in the final ranking Leaderboard.

Identifying Nuanced Dialect for Arabic Tweets with Deep Learning and Reverse Translation Corpus Extension System

We present an Arabic dialect identification system that we used for the country-level subtask of the NADI dataset. Our model consists of three components: BiLSTM-CNN, characterlevel TF-IDF, and topic modeling features. We represent each tweet using these features and feed them into a deep neural network. We then add an effective heuristic that improves the overall performance. We achieve an F1-Macro score of 20.77% and an accuracy of 34.32% on the test set. The model
was also evaluated on the Arabic Online Commentary dataset which focuses on the region-level dialects and MSA. We achieve results better than the state-of-the-art models.

The QMUL/HRBDT contribution to the NADI Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task

Arabic dialects are among of three main variant of Arabic language (Classical Arabic, modern standard Arabic and dialectal Arabic). It has many variants according to the country, city (provinces) or town. In this paper, several techniques with multiple algorithms are applied for Arabic dialects identification starting from removing noise till classification task using all Arabic countries as 21 classes. Three types of classifiers (Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Decision Tree) are combined using voting with two different methodologies. Also clustering technique is used for decreasing the noise that result from the existing of MSA tweets in the data set for training phase. The results of f-measure were 27.17, 41.34 and 52.38 for first methodology without clustering, second methodology without clustering, and second methodology with clustering, the used data set is NADI shared task data set.

Arabic Dialects Identification for All Arabic countries

This paper presents our results for the Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification (NADI) shared task of the Fifth Workshop for Arabic Natural Language Processing (WANLP 2020). We participated in the first sub-task for country-level Arabic dialect identification covering 21 Arab countries. Our contribution is based on a stacking classifier using Multinomial Naive Bayes, Linear SVC, and Logistic Regression classifiers as estimators; followed by a Logistic Regression as final estimator. Despite the fact that the results on the test set were low, with a macro F1 of 17.71, we were able to show that a simple approach can achieve comparable results to more sophisticated solutions. Moreover, the insights of our error analysis, and of the corpus content in general, can be used to develop and improve future systems.

Title Detection and Structure Extraction

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