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REPM 2021: The 26th International Workshop on Rare-Earth and Future Permanent Magnets and their Applications

Applications of High Performance Magnets in Green Energy

**Attenzione, gli orari riportati nel PROGRAMMA (icona calendario) si riferiscono al fuso orario locale dell’utente. Il fuso orario ufficiale del Congresso è Central European Time (CET).**

L'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS e il Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze dell'Università di Trieste sono orgogliosi di ospitare il 90° Congresso della Società Geologica Italiana a Trieste dal 14 al 16 settembre 2021. La modalità del congresso è interamente online.

Con il motto "Geologia senza frontiere" questo evento mira a promuovere le Scienze della Terra come disciplina scientifica proiettata nel futuro, oltre i confini geografici, politici e disciplinari, per comprendere meglio l'interno del Pianeta Terra e la struttura del sottosuolo, difendere la società da pericolosi eventi geologici, comprendere meglio la variabilità climatica, pianificare l'utilizzo delle georisorse in modo etico e nel rispetto dell'ambiente.


**Please note, times listed in the SCHEDULE tab (calendar icon) reflect YOUR LOCAL TIME ZONE. The main timezone for this conference will be Central European Summer Time.**

The National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics - OGS and the Department of Mathematics and Geosciences of the University of Trieste are proud to host the 90th Congress of the Italian Geological Society in Trieste on 14-16 September 2021.  The Congress will be held entirely online.

With the motto "Geology Without Borders" this event aims to promote Earth Sciences as a scientific discipline projected into the future, beyond geographical, political and disciplinary boundaries, to better understand the interior of Planet Earth and the structure of the subsurface, defend society from dangerous geological events, better understand climatic variability, plan the use of geo-resources in an ethical way and respecting the environment.


Welcome to the SGI2021 virtual conference.  In order to access the conference and content, [please register for the meeting here](https://www.geoscienze.org/trieste2021/index.php/registrazioni/registrati)

Please register for the SGI conference to join the event.

SGI 2021

Earth Sciences should be understood not only as necessary for a better understanding of the interior of the planet Earth, but also as a defense of society from dangerous geological events, for the understanding of climatic variations, for the planning and use of georesources in a ethical and respecting and protecting the environment.

keynote

It is our great pleasure to invite you to attend the 26th International Workshop on Rare Earth and Future Permanent Magnets and Their Applications (REPM2021) which will be held virtually on June 7-10, 2021. Please note, this is an updated schedule due to COVID-19 travel restrictions which forced us to postpone the conference from summer of 2020. The REPM workshop takes place every two years and is the premier conference on permanent magnets covering a wide range of topics including:

* Rare earth magnets
* Rare earth-free magnets
* Raw materials, mining and recycling
* Advanced synthesis, processing and characterization techniques
* Theoretical modeling of coercivity
* Fundamental properties of advanced magnetic materials
* Thin film magnets
* Applications of permanent magnets

***Workshop***
The workshop will be chaired by Professor George C. Hadjipanayis, University of Delaware, Newark, DE and Dr. Jinfang Liu, President & COO of Electron Energy Corporation, Landisville, PA.
The objectives of the workshop are to bring together engineers and scientists who work on permanent magnets and their applications to present their latest results and exchange ideas on a wide range of relevant topics including resources, raw materials, recycling, processing, fundamental and hard magnetic properties and applications of rare earth and future magnets.

To regsiter for this event, please follow the link below.

Sm-Fe-N is one of prospective candidates for new generation permanent magnet materials due to its extremely high anisotropy field as well as a quite high Curie temperature. A serious drawback of this material is that sintering at temperatures above 620C results in thermal decomposition, making impossible to produce bulk specimens by conventional powder metallurgical processes. Previously, our research group employed pressure current sintering and succeeded in producing isotropic bulk Sm-Fe-N magnets. However, it was also revealed that the coercivity of the original powder was significantly degraded by sintering. In the later study we proposed a hypothesis that the surface oxide might be reduced to form alpha-Fe during sintering. Our most recent study actually proved this hypothesis. To overcome this problem, our group recently developed a low-oxygen powder metallurgy technique wherein all the powder metallurgical processes are carried out inside glove boxes. This technique enabled us to produce extremely high performance Sm-Fe-N fine powder, making it possible to produce anisotropic bulk magnet without coercivity degradation due to the reduction of oxide. 
Nevertheless, another newly arisen problem is the maximum energy product of the sintered anisotropic magnet is not as great as that of the aligned original powder although the high coercivity is maintained. It is quite possible that the particles are damaged during the pulverization process. In this study, the crystallinity and the microstructure of the Sm-Fe-N powder produced by our low oxygen powder metallurgical process.
Commercially available Sm-Fe-N powder was subjected to pulverization by jet-milling with nitrogen gas inside a glove box. The obtained fine powder was gently oxidized at a pass box and then taken out to outside glove box. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to check the crystallinity of the powder. The fine powder was then brought inside a vacuum chamber of focused ion beam – scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) apparatus to pick up microsample for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. The microsample was picked up so that the microstructure of the whole particle can be visualized. The TEM observation was carried out using FEI Talos operated at 200 kV. The magnetic properties were measured by using physical property measurement system equipped with vibrating sample magneto meter (PPMS-VSM, Quantum Design/ Dynacool 7).
The particle diameters were significantly reduced down to submicron region, and the coercivity was significantly increased consequently. The maximum energy product of the aligned powder exhibited 43 MGOe in a good case. However, careful analyses of the XRD patterns of those as-milled powders revealed that the full width half maxima (FWHM) significantly increased after jet-milling. Also, the TEM observation revealed that there are polycrystalline regions at the surfaces of pulverized particles. It is likely that these polycrystalline regions are the critical factor of the deterioration of the magnet properties after. During the talk, a possible strategy to improve the performance of the sintered magnets will be discussed.


Roles of local texture in crystallinity and magnetic properties of highly coercive Sm-Fe-N fine powder by jet-milling

Phase formation and magnetization reversal process in Nd1+XFe11Ti compounds

Our 2 powder method* is a novel way to enrich Nd 2 Fe 14 B grains with a shell of high magnetic anisotropy. Thus preventing the nucleation of reversed domains in large sintered blocks without magnet size limitation and at the same time, the minimization of the total heavy rare earth (HRE) content in the large magnet volume. Here, two powders with differences in particle size and chemical composition were blended and sintered together. The powder with the smaller average particle size (AP anisotropy powder) includes HREs like Dy or Tb and therefore, shows a significantly higher magneto crystalline anisotropy than the second powder with larger average particle size (MP main phase powder). Further, the average particle size of the MP is at least 50 100 larger than the particle size of the AP During sintering, the anisotropy powder will turn into the liquid phase first, because of the higher surface energy of smaller particles . This results in a homogeneous distribution of the HREs around the 2 14 1 grains and finally forms a core shell structure .Therefore, by use of the 2 powder method, size independent HRE lean magnets can be produced, which is not the case for the grain boundary diffusion (GBDP) and no additional diffusion treatment after the normal sintering procedure is necessary, making the 2 powder method useful to integrate in the commercial used mass production for high performance didymium based sintered magnets.

Upscaling the 2-Powder Method for the Manufacturing of Heavy Rare Earth-Lean Sintered didymium-based Magnets

Nd(Fe,Mo)12 nitrogenation reaction kinetics versus temperature and nitrogen pressure

Development of Composition and Powder Fabrication for the Additive Manufacturing of (Pr,Nd)-Fe-Cu-B Permanent Magnets

Searching for perfect defects challenging the Brown's paradox in permanent magnetism

Preparation of R-Fe alloy nanopowder by Induction thermal plasma process

The Effects of Zr + Fe2B additions on NdFeB-type Material during the Hydrogen Ductilisation Process (HyDP)

Permanent magnets are a key element of a sustainable and energy-efficient economy. While their use is becoming increasingly popular in energy-related applications, the current supply of neodymium for Nd-Fe-B magnets raises severe environmental and resource-security concerns. In response, projects like SUSMAGPRO undertake efforts to investigate recycling technologies.
As part of the SUSMAGPRO project, we assessed the environmental profile of hydrogen-based processing of magnetic scrap (HPMS) at lab scale. We performed a life cycle assessment comparing the production of sintered magnets made of Nd-Fe-B recovered via HPMS with the production using mined Nd. The assessment included the comparison of three coating alternatives: Ni-Cu-Ni, Ni and epoxy resin. The results indicate a better environmental performance of the recycled alternative compared to the primary alternative in all the evaluated impact categories. The advantage of the HPMS route is mainly driven by a lower use of energy. The coating of the recycled Nd-Fe-B magnets turned out to be the largest contributor to their environmental burden in several impact categories.
Nickel, Ni-Cu-Ni and epoxy coatings are just an option among a plethora of alternatives. From a recycling perspective, the evaluated metallic coatings are preferred because these allow an easier recycling than epoxy coatings. With this contribution, we take a step forward in answering the next question: How will the future supply chain of Nd magnets manage the trade-off between a higher environmental impact during manufacture and an increased recyclability?

Applications of High Performance Magnets in Green Energy

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Applications of High Performance Magnets in Green Energy

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Next from REPM 2021: The 26th International Workshop on Rare-Earth and Future Permanent Magnets and their Applications

Roles of local texture in crystallinity and magnetic properties of highly coercive Sm-Fe-N fine powder by jet-milling

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The response of the Apula plate to the advancing Calabrian and Hellenic wedges (Northern Ionian Sea): implications for subduction processes and tectono-stratigraphic evolution

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PRESENTATIONS

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COMPANY

RESOURCES

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