keywords:
jumping biomechanics
canine agility
forelimb kinetics
ground reaction forces
Agility places substantial biomechanical demands on dogs and increases the risk of injuries, particularly in the forelimbs where high forces occur during jump landings. However, limited research exists on how different agility jumps affect forelimb loading. This study aimed to quantify forelimb kinetics during landing for three common agility jumps. Six agility dogs of varied breeds completed three 60cm jumps— straight hurdle, wrap, and threadle — in a randomised order. All dogs were classified as large. Landing kinetics were recorded with a Tekscan pressure walkway for three successful trials per jump. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for normally distributed variables, and Friedman’s test for non??'normal data. The leading forelimb experienced significantly higher peak vertical forces (PVF) during the straight jump compared to wrap (+228.13N, p=0.012) and threadle (+214.48N, p=0.014). The trailing forelimb PVF were higher during a straight jump compared to wrap (+92.55N, p=0.023). The PVF symmetry index was significantly different between the straight jump, when the forelimbs experienced symmetrical loading, and the jumps with turns, when the trailing forelimb experienced higher PVF (p<0.027). Force-time impulse was greater in the trailing forelimb during the threadle compared to the straight jump (p=0.003). Overall, agility jump type significantly influences forelimb loading patterns. Straight jumps generate higher forces with symmetrical limb loading, while jumps with turns generate lower forces but with asymmetrical limb loading. These findings should be considered during canine training and agility course design to mitigate the risk of injuries.
