Morocco

Language changes faster than dictionaries can be revised, yet automatic tools still struggle to spot the subtle, short term shifts in meaning that precede a formal update. We present a language independent pipeline that detects word sense shifts in large, timestamped web corpora. The method couples a robust reimplementation of the Adaptive Skip-Gram model, which induces multiple sense vectors per lemma without any external inventory, with a second stage that tracks each sense through time under three alternative frequency normalizations. Linear Regression and the robust Mann-Kendall/Theil-Sen estimator then test whether a sense’s frequency slope deviates significantly from zero, producing a ranked list of headwords whose semantics are drifting.
                                                                              
We evaluate the system on the English (12 B tokens) and Czech (1 B tokens) Timestamped corpora for May 2023-May 2025. Expert annotation of the top-100 candidates for each model variant shows that 50.7% of Czech and 25.7% of English headwords exhibit genuine sense shifts, despite web-scale noise.

EACL 2026

Detecting Subtle Sense Shift with Polysemy-Aware Trends

word sense shift

neology

## Welcome to EMNLP 2022!
I am delighted to welcome you to EMNLP 2022! I believe this conference has been complicated beyond any precedent. Over the past year, it’s been thrilling to see the organization team approach each new puzzle with creativity and enthusiasm. We hope that those participating in Abu Dhabi as well as those joining remotely will leave the conference feeling newly inspired by the program and newly connected to our ever-growing community. Following EMNLP 2021 and major NLP conferences since, EMNLP 2022 is “hybrid,” serving both virtual and in-person participants.

Our key innovations for EMNLP 2022 include:

* EMNLP 2022 is “hybrid” in a second sense, as well: we allowed both direct and rolling review paper submissions, building on the pilot experiment of EMNLP 2021, which considered a small number of ARR submissions. 
* Familiar from NAACL but new to EMNLP, we’ve added an industry track.
* During the conference, “portals” will link virtual poster sessions to in-person conference participants during poster sessions each day.
* The first ACL-family conference in the United Arab Emirates.

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EMNLP 2022 will take place in Abu Dhabi from December 7th to December 11th, 2022. And it will be held in hybrid mode, both online and offline.

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#### *Message from the General Chair, Aline Villavicencio*
I’m delighted and honoured to welcome you to the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL 2026), taking place in the beautiful city of Rabat, in Morocco, in March 24-29, 2026. EACL is the flagship European conference of the Association and EACL 2026 proudly continues our field’s tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity. I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers whose dedication, generosity, and tireless efforts have made this conference possible.
For the first time EACL is being hosted in the African continent. This is an important milestone for our community, and we are grateful to our Moroccan hosts for enabling this historic moment by bringing this edition of EACL to Rabat. We are also delighted that the Second Arabic NLP School is co-located with EACL. We hope attendees enjoy this wonderful opportunity to strengthen ties with the Computational Linguistics communities across the African continent. *[Read full message](https://drive.google.com/file/d/14NlmHvwM6fPJuMmOvVh7K0vtQbEyv3SZ/view?usp=sharing)* 

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Welcome to the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL). EACL 2026 will be held in Rabat, Morocco, from March 24–29, 2026. 

We expose a critical limitation in current approaches to machine unlearning in language models: despite the apparent success of unlearning algorithms, information about the forgotten data remains linearly decodable from internal representations. To systematically assess this discrepancy, we introduce an interpretable, information-theoretic framework for auditing unlearning using Partial Information Decomposition (PID). By comparing model representations before and after unlearning, we decompose the mutual information with the forgotten data into distinct components, formalizing the notions of unlearned and residual knowledge. Our analysis reveals that redundant information, shared across both models, constitutes residual knowledge that persists post-unlearning and correlates with susceptibility to known adversarial reconstruction attacks. Leveraging these insights, we propose a representation-based risk score that can guide abstention on sensitive inputs at inference time, providing a practical mechanism to mitigate privacy leakage. Our work introduces a principled, representation-level audit for unlearning, offering theoretical insight and actionable tools for safer deployment of language models.

Auditing Language Model Unlearning via Information Decomposition

Detecting hyperpartisan narratives and Population Replacement Conspiracy Theories is essential to addressing the spread of misinformation. However, existing resources are scarce, predominantly English-centric, and often analyze hyperpartisanship, stance, and rhetorical bias in isolation rather than as interrelated aspects of political discourse. To bridge this gap, we introduce PartisanLens, the first multilingual dataset of 1617 hyperpartisan news headlines in Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese. We first evaluate the classification performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on this dataset, establishing new baselines and showing that LLMs outperform mBERT. In addition, we assess the viability of using LLMs as automatic annotators for this task, analyzing their ability to approximate human annotation. Results highlight both their potential and current limitations. Finally, moving beyond standard judgements, we explore whether LLMs can emulate human annotation patterns by conditioning them on socio-economic and ideological profiles that simulate annotator perspectives. By providing this resource and evaluation, PartisanLens supports future research on detecting partisan and conspiratorial narratives in European contexts.

PartisanLens: A Multilingual Dataset of Hyperpartisan and Conspiratorial Immigration Narratives in European Media

Entity representation learning on hypergraphs is hindered by degree bias, where nodes with sparse connections suffer from limited structural information for aggregation. Prevailing “attribute-as-feature“ approaches, which treat rich textual attributes (e.g., titles, abstracts, keywords) merely as node features, fail to address this structurally rooted problem as they do not create new aggregation pathways. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel “attribute-as-structure“ approach specifically designed for heterogeneous hypergraphs. Our approach integrates attributes directly into the hypergraph topology as distinct node types, creating new structural pathways to enrich sparsely connected entities while preserving semantic distinctiveness within complex many-to-many hyperedge interactions. We introduce an entity-attribute aware learning framework featuring two key innovations: (1) a specialized heterogeneous hypergraph encoder with dual attention mechanisms—self-attention for entity-entity relationships and cross-type attention for entity-attribute relevance, and (2) Attribute-Attentive Contrastive Learning (AACL), a novel objective that dynamically weighs attribute importance while explicitly aligning entity representations with their structural attributes. Experiments on multiple hypergraph datasets demonstrate consistent improvements in node classification performance, with particularly significant gains for structurally sparse nodes, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach for degree bias mitigation.

Mitigating Degree Bias in Hypergraphs via Attribute-as-Structure Approach

Test-time scaling (TTS) has enhanced the performance of Reasoning Models (RMs) on various tasks such as math and coding, yet its efficacy in machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. This paper investigates whether increased inference-time computation improves translation quality. We evaluate 12 RMs across a diverse suite of MT benchmarks spanning multiple domains, examining three scenarios: direct translation, forced-reasoning extrapolation, and post-editing. Our findings show that for general-purpose RMs, TTS provides limited and inconsistent benefits for direct translation, with performance quickly plateauing. However, the effectiveness of TTS is unlocked by domain-specific fine-tuning, which aligns a model's reasoning process with task requirements, leading to consistent improvements up to an optimal, self-determined reasoning depth. We also find that forcing a model to reason beyond its natural stopping point consistently degrades translation quality. In contrast, TTS proves highly effective in a post-editing context, reliably turning self-correction into a beneficial process. These results indicate that the value of inference-time computation in MT lies not in enhancing single-pass translation with general models, but in targeted applications like multi-step, self-correction workflows and in conjunction with task-specialized models.

Test-Time Scaling of Reasoning Models for Machine Translation

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach for building LLM-based question-answering systems that can take advantage of external knowledge databases. Due to the complexity of real-world RAG systems, there are many potential causes for erroneous outputs. Understanding the range of errors that can occur in practice is crucial for robust deployment. We present a new taxonomy of the error types that can occur in realistic RAG systems, examples of each, and practical advice for addressing them. Additionally, we curate a dataset of erroneous RAG responses annotated by error types. We then propose an auto-evaluation method aligned with our taxonomy that can be used in practice to track and address errors during development. Code and data have been released publicly.

Classifying and Addressing the Diversity of Errors in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems

Zero-shot dense retrieval is a challenging setting where a document corpus is provided without relevant queries, necessitating a reliance on pretrained dense retrievers (DRs). However, since these DRs are not trained on the target corpus, they struggle to represent semantic differences between similar documents. To address this failing, we introduce a training-free representation sharpening framework that augments a document's representation with information that helps differentiate it from similar documents in the corpus. On over twenty datasets spanning multiple languages, the representation sharpening framework proves consistently superior to traditional retrieval, setting a new state-of-the-art on the BRIGHT benchmark. We show that representation sharpening is compatible with prior approaches to zero-shot dense retrieval and consistently improves their performance. Finally, we address the performance-cost tradeoff presented by our framework and devise an indexing-time approximation that preserves the majority of our performance gains over traditional retrieval, yet suffers no additional inference-time cost.

A Representation Sharpening Framework for Zero Shot Dense Retrieval

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as strong contenders in machine translation. Yet, they still struggle to adequately handle discourse phenomena, such as pronoun resolution and lexical cohesion at the document level. In this study, we thoroughly investigate the discourse phenomena performance of LLMs in context-aware translation. We demonstrate that discourse knowledge is encoded within LLMs and propose the use of quality-aware decoding (QAD) to effectively extract this knowledge, showcasing its superiority over other decoding approaches through comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, we illustrate that QAD enhances the semantic richness of translations and aligns them more closely with human preferences.

Unlocking Latent Discourse Translation in LLMs Through Quality-Aware Decoding

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) and the real world has outpaced the static nature of widely used evaluation benchmarks, raising concerns about their reliability for evaluating LLM factuality. While substantial works continue to rely on the popular but old benchmarks, their temporal misalignment with real-world facts and modern LLMs, and their effects on LLM factuality evaluation remain underexplored. Therefore, in this work, we present a systematic investigation of this issue by examining five popular factuality benchmarks and eight LLMs released across different years. An up-to-date fact retrieval pipeline and three metrics are tailored to quantify benchmark aging and its impact on LLM factuality evaluation. Experimental results and analysis illustrate that a considerable portion of samples in the widely used factuality benchmarks are outdated, leading to unreliable assessments of LLM factuality. We hope our work can provide a testbed to assess the reliability of a benchmark for LLM factuality evaluation and inspire more research on the benchmark aging issue.

When Benchmarks Age: Temporal Misalignment through Large Language Model Factuality Evaluation

Tokenization is a critical component of language model pretraining, yet standard tokenization methods often prioritize information-theoretical goals like high compression and low fertility rather than linguistic goals like morphological alignment. In fact, they have been shown to be suboptimal for morphologically rich languages, where tokenization quality directly impacts downstream performance. In this work, we investigate morphologically-aware tokenization for Latin, a morphologically rich language that is medium-resource in terms of pretraining data, but high-resource in terms of curated lexical resources -- a distinction that is often overlooked but critical in discussions of low-resource language modeling. We find that morphologically-guided tokenization improves overall performance on four downstream tasks. Performance gains are most pronounced for out of domain texts, highlighting our models' improved generalization ability. Our findings demonstrate the utility of linguistic resources to improve language modeling for morphologically complex languages. For low-resource languages that lack large-scale pretraining data, the development and incorporation of linguistic resources can serve as a feasible alternative to improve LM performance.

Contextual morphologically-guided tokenization for Latin encoder models

Large language models (LLMs) excel in English but still struggle with complex reasoning in many low-resource languages (LRLs). Existing methods align LLMs with multilingual encoders, such as LangBridge and MindMerger, raising the accuracy for mid and high-resource languages, yet large performance gap remains for LRLs. We present MERLIN, a model-stacking framework that iteratively refines in 2-stages based on a curriculum strategy (from general to specific where general is bilingual bitext and specific is task-specific data) and adapts only a small set of DoRA weights. On the AfriMGSM benchmark MERLIN improves exact-match accuracy by +12.9 pp over MindMerger and outperforms GPT-4o-mini by 15.2 pp. It also yields consistent gains on MGSM and MSVAMP (+0.9 and +2.8 pp), demonstrating effectiveness across both low and high-resource settings.

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